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Recent research suggests that adverse human health effects occur below current US standards for both PM 2.5 Thus, it is important to identify and quantify the most important human-produced sources of VOC emissions to effectively mitigate air pollution and improve human health, the authors said. Click to enlarge.
I recently read a brilliant book, Malcolm Gladwells, Revenge of the Tipping Point that alerted me to the fact that just five per cent of the passenger vehicles on the road produce more than half of all the pollution in the air. Pollution would drop by the same amount as the 10 per cent shift.
Data presented as mean ± standard deviation, N=3. the E30 and E78—led to statistically significant reductions of 9%–13% for total hydrocarbon (THC); 13%–44% for non-methane hydrocarbon (NMHC); 20%–35% for carbon monoxide (CO); and 17%–36% for nitrogen oxides (NO x ) emissions compared to the high-aromatics E10 fuel.
In this plot, a red star under the boxes means that the mean values for hardwood and mixed fuel tests are statistically different for that stove technology class (at the 95% confidence level, p. In this regard, this study highlights the need for repeated tests to confirm statistical significance of mitigation potential.
Air pollution is a ubiquitous problem and comprises gaseous and particulate matter (PM). However, the majority of such models represent high levels of exposure and are not representative of the exposure levels in less polluted countries, such as Australia. To understand the mechanisms involved, animal models are often used.
We used statistical models to capture whether there are significant associations between ozone exposure and these outcomes. While the study finds an association between air pollution and atherosclerosis, researchers aren’t clear on why. —Meng Wang. Ozone, however, is much trickier, Wang notes. —Meng Wang. Meng Wang, Paul D.
The vehicle test matrix had provisions for five vehicles on each emissions standards category (i.e., The test fleet showed statistically significant effects for some pollutants, but not for others. The weighted NMHC emissions showed a marginally statistically significant reduction of 9% for E15 compared E10.
Results of GIS statistical analysis for CO 2 : (a) eGrid subregion emissions factors (kg CO 2 /kWh), (b) average emissions factor for each district (kg CO 2 /kWh), (c) coefficient of variation of CO 2. Electricity generation and distribution in the US represents nearly 40% of US CO 2 emissions, as well as large shares of the other pollutants.
Even so, during 2010-2014, people in parts of California, Arizona, Colorado, Texas, the Midwest and the Middle Atlantic still experienced more than 15 days a year in which ozone levels exceeded the US health-based air quality standard of 70 parts per billion (ppb) averaged over eight hours. Source: University of Leicester. Click to enlarge.
Recent studies have compared emissions of PFI and GDI vehicles, including particle number and mass, gaseous pollutants, and nonmethane organic gas (NMOG) composition for a limited number of compounds. We use the data to quantify the effects of engine technology, emission standards, and cold-start on emissions. —Saliba et al.
Persistent organic pollutants are chemicals of substantial international concern. GEOS-Chem captures observed seasonal trends with no statistically significant difference between simulated and measured mean annual concentrations. The presence of these pollutants in the Arctic is important for several reasons.
The state’s latest Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory shows that California emitted 429 million metric tons of climate pollutants in 2016—a drop of 12 million metric tons, or three percent, from 2015. billion gallons in all—as a result of the state’s Low Carbon Fuel Standard. How the inventory is compiled.
DOE selected this project to improve local air quality in the Houston-Galveston area, which is currently designated as a National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) 8-hour ozone non-attainment area. million tons of carbon equivalents per year and an expected reduction in criteria pollutants of over 2,000 tons per year.
The findings, published in the 21 September issue of Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics , are generally consistent with official Chinese government statistics and could bolster their credibility as international negotiations proceed on commitments of China and other nations to combat climate change.
They found that levels of pollutants that can contribute to the formation of ground-level ozone, or smog, have failed to continue a fairly steady decline as estimated by the US Environmental Protection Agency. We were surprised by the discrepancy between the estimates of emissions and the actual measurements of pollutants in the atmosphere.
They meet both the current automotive Bharat IV emissions regulations (Euro IV equivalent) as well as being capable of upgrade to meet even tougher future standards. This longevity is evidenced by a B10 life of 7,000 hours (the service life for a statistical expectation of 10% attrition) or 250,000 km in a vehicle application.
China started giving state aid to alternative energy vehicles (AEV) makers in 2009 to promote the development of green vehicles to help tackle air pollution. Vehicles had not met the promotion standard or had not been manufactured at all, but had acquired subsidy by getting license plate against regulations. Subsidies totaled RMB33.44
It is important to know that the only way to charge an autonomous vehicle automatically is to use wireless charging and SAE J2954 Recommended Practice will standardize this. This is for both manual (self-parking) and autonomous (automated) alignment possibilities. —Jesse Schneider.
It has been a challenge to determine how much each polluter contributes to the emission output. However, the amount of pollutant emissions that vehicles emit on a daily basis depends on numerous factors, for example on individual driving behavior. We record 36,000 data points per hour. —Thomas Karl.
Their approach adapts standard microeconomic modeling and statistical techniques to account for the value of time. The possibility of backfire implies the possibility of net increases in local and global air pollution, the study authors concluded. Traditionally, time spent driving has been viewed as a cost to the driver.
The MINI E has a top speed of 95 mph (153 km/h) and an official range of 149 miles (240 km) according to FTP72 standards, although a realistic range is 112 miles (180 km), according to BMW. Using a control group of MINI Cooper and BMW 116i customers these statistics are reinforced, MINI Cooper drivers averaging 7.3 hours at 50 amps.
This update, jointly prepared by the ICCT and the Netherlands’ Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), describes the increasing real-world efficiency gap using statistical analysis. In the US, independent surveillance testing of actual vehicles on the road has been standard practice for many years. —Peter Mock.
EPA’s decision was based largely on a DOE study of the effects of E15 on durability of catalytic converters, the primary pollution control system in a vehicle. Accelerated testing is a standard practice in the automotive industry for producing faster results and higher expected performance from engines/vehicles. Earlier post.)
The benefits of electrifying construction sites would be substantial The use of electric equipment in place of traditional diesel engines would reduce not only carbon output, but nearby air pollution and ambient noise as well. The statistics are similar around the world. Someone had to be first!
First, some background from the New York Times : The rule increasingly limits the amount of pollution allowed from tailpipes over time so that, by 2032, more than half the new cars sold in the United States would most likely be zero-emissions vehicles in order for carmakers to meet the standards. Fear is effective.
As per Altelium research , “a standard automotive cell could be at 80% SoH in its hard usage profile case after around four years, but it takes 15 years to get to the same state with easy usage.” Thorough planning helps communities anticipate impacts on equity, the grid, air pollution, and greenhouse gas emissions.
It finds that nitrogen oxides air pollution from traffic, households and industry is above internationally agreed limits in: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, [.]. Just how far off is Europe from meeting tough nitrogen oxide regulations?
The statistics can differ depending on how much sunlight each location receives each year. However, the vehicle can be charged using a regular household power outlet, a standard EV charging point, or an EV quick charge. The specifications and dimensions. Conclusion.
Companies and entrepreneurs are rapidly adopting digital means of conducting businesses to stop the loop of increasing pollution and limit the use of natural resources, both of which increase CO2 emissions in our environment. All of these statistics indicate that India is steadily progressing toward an EV revolution. Steps To Follow.
An international team of scientists, led by NTU Singapore, has linked increased air pollution to an uptick in cases of lung adenocarcinoma (LADC) worldwide. Black carbon is a pollutant that is classified as under PM 2.5. Our findings pinpoint the necessity and urgency to reduce air pollutant emissions especially black carbon.
The study shows that the health dangers and economic impacts of air pollution are significantly larger than previously understood. Fine particulate air pollution is composed of tiny solids and liquids floating in the air that come from sources such as motor vehicles, coal-fired power plants, and wildfires. Chan School of Public Health.
A study by researchers at the University of Southern California (USC) has significantly associated exposure to particulate air pollution after being diagnosed with liver cancer with an increased risk of premature death. exposure after diagnosis was statistically significantly associated with HCC survival. —Deng et al.
This is a study of unprecedented statistical power because of the massive size of the study population. They also estimated air pollution levels at each 1 kilometer grid for the entire US upon which the claims data could be overlaid and interpreted. The study is published in the New England Journal of Medicine. The Harvard T.H.
The amount of this fine particle pollution in the US has declined since 1999. standard is set at 12 microgram per cubic meter of air (µg/m 3 ). µg/m 3 , which is mostly below the current standard, air pollution was associated with an estimated 15,612 deaths in females, and 14,757 deaths in men. The current US annual PM 2.5
Approximately 9,000 people in California are estimated to die prematurely each year as a result of exposure to fine particle pollution, according to a new report issued by the California Air Resources Board (ARB). Fine particle pollution, smaller than 2.5 ARB Chairman Mary Nichols. While it is recognized that exposure to PM 2.5
Deaths from outdoor air pollution by region in 2005 and 2010. Outdoor air pollution kills some 3.5 This pollution is costing advanced economies plus China and India an estimated US$3.5 The effects of air pollution on people’s health are much higher than previously thought. Click to enlarge. Earlier post.)
As the greenhouse gas impacts (costs or benefits) are much smaller than the health benefits, the conversion of petroleum vehicles to CNG can be justified on the basis of local air pollution benefits alone, they concluded. vehicle emissions standards, phasing out of leaded petrol, etc.), Credit: ACS, Zia and Tanzila. Click to enlarge.
Ozone pollution across the continental United States will become far more difficult to keep in check as temperatures rise, according to new work led by the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). Ozone pollution also damages crops and other plants. Scenario A2 and RCP 8.5. Ozone formation.
The largest systematic study ever conducted of human volunteers exposed to ozone air pollution has found no evidence of effects on the heart in its healthy, older participants, but did find effects on the volunteers’ ability to breathe, even at low ambient levels. Possible pathways by which ozone may cause adverse health effects.
At the same time, gear change times are shortened and an extra-sporty setting is selected for the standard Dynamic Damper Control and the Electric Power Steering. The car’s standard 20-inch forged aluminum wheels have an aerodynamically optimized, lightweight design. The vehicle is then powered solely by the electric motor.
A 2010 scientific statement from the American Heart Association deemed ambient air pollutants a “modifiable factor that contributes to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.”. “ Importantly, we found that the relationship between ozone and risk of OHCA was present even at concentrations below the EPA air quality standard. and Paul S.
The study—a component of the Advanced Collaborative Engine Study (ACES)—is exposing rats and mice for 16 hours a day to emissions from a heavy duty diesel engine meeting 2007 US EPA standards that reduce emissions of fine particles and other pollutants by more than 90% from levels emitted by older engines.
Since it can refuel from a standard household outlet and from a gasoline station, it needs no new infrastructure. Appendix D: Vehicle Driving Statistics. As long as a standard 1.5 If PHEVs became the major form of transportation, the use of fossil fuels would be cut dramatically. slow charge. Appendix F: Biofuel Issues.
According to the investigators, this is the first study based on estimates of quantitative historical exposure to diesel exhaust to yield a statistically significant, positive increase in lung cancer risk with increasing diesel exposure with adjustment for potential confounding from cigarette smoking. and other risk factors for lung cancer.
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