INDUSTRY INSIGHTS YOUR PEERS ARE READING
The US Department of Energy (DOE) has selected the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE) to lead the 10 th Manufacturing USA Institute to be stood up during the Obama Administration. Traditional chemical manufacturing relies on large-scale, energy-intensive processing. MORE
Manufacturer Spotlight india TataWhere we stand: January, 2013 In the UK, Tata Motors is perhaps most well-known as the name behind Jaguar and Land Rover. MORE
Carbon announced a strategic partnership with Lamborghini in digital manufacturing. Through our extensive procurement research, we found that many of our vehicle components were ideal candidates for digital manufacturing. MORE
Because blockchain gives us both capabilities, we can build trustworthiness into digital manufacturing networks. In their report, Hedberg, Krima and co-author Allison Barnard Feeney describe potential digital threats to smart manufacturing such as product data theft, tampering and corruption. MORE
HTS International Corporation and the Department of Energy’s Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) have signed an agreement to explore potential collaborations in advanced manufacturing research such as in conformal cooling. 3D printing Manufacturing MORE
The US Department of Energy’s (DOE’s) Clean Energy Smart Manufacturing Innovation Institute ( CESMII ) will award nearly $10 million for ten projects to help advance its goals and enable US manufacturers to develop and implement innovations that will advance U.S. manufacturing competitiveness, sustainability, and innovation. This project will develop technologies on data modeling, machine learning, and data-centric analytics for smart aerospace additive manufacturing. MORE
The BMW Group has been using components from 3D printers in series production since 2012; more than 10,000 additively-manufactured parts are built into the Rolls-Royce Phantom. The advantages of additive manufacturing are visible early on, especially for components with a complicated design. MORE
Wirtz Manufacturing, a global provider of equipment design and technology for the lead-acid battery market, has made a strategic investment in ZAF Energy Systems, a manufacturer of nickel-zinc (NiZn) batteries. The investment will expand ZAF’s manufacturing capacity from hundreds of batteries per month to thousands of batteries per month in the ZAF Joplin, Missouri facility. MORE
The data evaluation results will then be made available to manufacturers and users in the form of graphics. To shorten the charging time of e-bikes—in particular during daily use in the city—Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) and Coboc GmbH & Co. KG, a company specialized in electric mobility, plan to make the batteries of pedelecs capable of rapid charging. Presently, charging of an e-bike battery takes about two to four hours. MORE
Ericsson is already running 5G industry programs all over the world to help manufacturers boost productivity and create new business opportunities. This project is a great opportunity to see what is possible when we bring 5G into an automobile production environment to truly enable smart wireless manufacturing. survey, the 2018 Manufacturing Global Expert Survey , found that two-thirds of manufacturing companies rank digitizing the production value chain (Industry 4.0) MORE
GFL is the world’s leading lithium compounds and metal manufacturer and dually listed on Chinese A share in 2010 and Hong Kong H share in 2018. Batteries Electric (Battery) Vehicle ManufacturersThe Volkswagen Group and Ganfeng Lithium Co., MORE
The first prototype carbon fiber MonoCell, the tub that forms the main structure of McLaren’s cars, has been shipped from the company’s new £50-million (US$66-million) innovation and production center in Yorkshire to the McLaren Production center (MPC) in Woking, Surrey. MORE
Audi AG has started a development partnership with EOS, a global provider of high-end Additive Manufacturing (AM) solutions. In application of additive manufacturing, Audi is also focusing on the production of inserts for die casting molds and hot working segments. MORE
President Obama announced two new manufacturing innovation institutes led by the Department of Defense supported by a $140-million Federal commitment combined with more than $140 million in non-federal resources: (1) a Detroit-area-headquartered consortium of businesses and universities, with a focus on lightweight and modern metals manufacturing; and (2) a Chicago-headquartered consortium of businesses and universities that will concentrate on digital manufacturing and design technologies. MORE
manufacturing. There is great potential for the US manufacturing industry to use the power of HPC to solve key challenges, but many manufacturers lack access to supercomputing resources. Batteries High Performance Computing Manufacturing Materials Solid-state MORE
The US Department of Energy’s (DOE) Argonne National Laboratory announced the availability of a new manufacturing technology that simplifies the manufacture of nanomaterials in high volumes. These enhanced material characterization capabilities enable greater manufacturing precision. MORE
The German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) has launched the Battery Cell Research Production Center, a new R&D and large-scale industrial manufacturing plant for lithium-ion cells; the center will receive an investment of €500 million. Six German cell manufacturers have already pledged their support for the establishment and operation of research production: Leclanché, BMZ Group/ Terra E, Customcells, EAS and Liacon. MORE
Automakers and their suppliers, like manufacturers in many other industries, have been exploring the potential of digital manufacturing strategies to increase productivity, profitability and decision-making. However, a new McKinsey survey has found that a large confidence gap exists between the number of companies that try digital manufacturing strategies and those that successfully apply them. manufacturing strategies. Manufacturing MORE
The BMW Group will invest more than €10 million in a new Additive Manufacturing Campus. Our new Additive Manufacturing Campus will concentrate the full spectrum of the BMW Group’s 3D printing expertise at a single location. 3D printing Manufacturing MORE
The next generation of cars will be cleaner and greener than ever—but a lot of the manufacturing processes that go into them are still pretty dirty. From the frame to the muffler, automotive manufacturing still involves welding, cutting, grinding and machining. MORE
StreetScooter GmbH, a subsidiary of Deutsche Post DHL Group and leading producer of electric delivery vehicles ( earlier post ), has opened its second manufacturing facility. MORE
The Chinese EV battery manufacturer Contemporary Amperex Technology Ltd. European knowledge in battery manufacturing. Its R&D portfolio includes materials study, product development, engineering design, test and verification, intelligent manufacture, project management, etc. MORE
million to fund two research projects aimed at improving measurement and standards for the rapidly developing field of additive manufacturing (AM). Additive manufacturing, also known as 3D printing, is a group of new technologies that build up objects, usually by laying down many thin layers on top of each other. Additive manufacturing processes face a variety of hurdles that limit their utility for high-value products and applications. Manufacturing MORE
The HPC4Mtls Program is sponsored by EERE’s Fuel Cell Technologies Office and Vehicle Technologies Office to enhance the US materials development, fabrication, and manufacturing industry to investigate, improve, and scale methods that will accelerate the development of materials that perform well in severe and complex energy application environments. High Performance Computing Manufacturing MaterialsThe US Department of Energy (DOE) has announced nearly $5.2 MORE
To ensure adequate battery capacity, partnerships with battery manufacturers for Europe and China have already been agreed. Batteries Electric (Battery) Manufacturing Vehicle ManufacturersThe Volkswagen Group is expanding its production of electric vehicles to 16 locations around the globe by the end of 2022. This was announced by Matthias Müller, CEO of Volkswagen AG, at the Group’s Annual Media Conference in Berlin. MORE
AKASOL AG, a leading German producer of high-performance lithium-ion battery systems, is expanding its long-term framework agreement to supply a Swedish commercial vehicle manufacturer with high-performance battery systems for electric buses and trucks. MORE
Approximately $52 million of the investment went to a new body shop that manufactures the car’s all-new, lightweight aluminum frame in-house for the first time. Fuel Efficiency Manufacturing Weight reduction Aluminum resistance spot welding in Bowling Green. MORE
Ford Motor Company has met its goal to reduce manufacturing CO 2 emissions eight years ahead of schedule. The goal, set in 2010, aimed to reduce the company’s global carbon dioxide emissions from manufacturing operations by 30% per vehicle produced by 2025. The results are significant, with a global manufacturing CO 2 emissions reduction of more than 3.4 —Bruce Hettle, group vice president, manufacturing and labor affairs. Emissions Manufacturing MORE
Combined, the construction of the battery plant and modification of the Smyrna manufacturing facility represent an investment of up to $1.7 The Nissan LEAF is manufactured on the same line as Altima and Maxima so volume can readily be adjusted among the vehicles to meet demand. MORE
Manufacturing Tesla Motors plug-in cars Tesla Model 3Tesla Motors is facing a huge increase its production output in order to meet the ambitious goals set by CEO Elon Musk. He says he expects the company produce 500,000 electric cars per year by 2018. Much of that volume will come from the Model 3, the 215-mile, $35,000 sedan Tesla unveiled earlier this year, and plans to put into production by the. MORE
Manufacturer Spotlight smart smart fortwoWhere we stand: December, 2012 It’s no surprise that with a name like Smart (for branding purposes, all in lower case: “smart”), the automotive brand packs in a lot of clever technology. MORE
The US Department of Energy announced up to $70 million in funding ( DE-FOA-0001263 ) for the next Clean Energy Manufacturing Innovation Institute, which will be focused on smart manufacturing. With this investment, the DOE aims to support research and development advancements that can reduce the cost of deployment for technologies such as advanced sensors, controls, platforms, and modeling for manufacturing by as much as 50%. Internet of Things Manufacturing Sensors MORE
Significantly to reduce the CO 2 intensity and water use of its manufacturing operations. Honda continually strives to improve energy efficiency and to r educe waste, water use and emissions from the manufacturing of its products. MORE
Siemens is intensifying its cooperation with the EDAG Group —a leading global independent engineering company for the automotive industry—further to promote industrial applications of additive manufacturing (AM) and to make engineering and production processes more efficient. MORE
Additive manufacturing (3D printing) company Carbon3D Inc. Carbon3D joins the Technology Pioneers program as the first additive manufacturing company to be selected. The manufacturing time allowed engineers to make design iterations much more quickly than with traditional methods. MORE
One things is clear, except for Honda , most manufacturers are either getting on board now or headed in the Plug-In direction. Tags: manufacturers I t wasn't that long ago that I remember a Chrysler ad that bragged about how its new Charger, with the big V 8, was a hybrid. MORE
General Motors and Honda are establishing the auto industry’s first manufacturing joint venture—Fuel Cell System Manufacturing, LLC, FCSM)—to mass-produce an advanced hydrogen fuel cell system that will be used in future products from each company. MORE
YASA, a leading manufacturer of axial-flux electric motors and controllers, signed a long-term joint innovation agreement with a global automotive OEM. The novel design is enabled by using powdered iron materials that enable complex magnetic parts to be manufactured easily. MORE
Although Bosch intends to lead the mass market for electromobility that will emerge after 2020, the company has decided that the means to achieving that strategic end does not include manufacturing of the battery cells. MORE
billion to build a new electric vehicle (EV) battery manufacturing plant in Georgia. The first phase will invest approximately $1 billion and employ more than 1,000 advanced manufacturing employees, making it the largest scale electric vehicle battery plant in the United States. South Korea-based SK Innovation, a developer of lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles, will invest $1.67 MORE
Siemens has achieved a breakthrough by finishing its first full load engine tests for gas turbine blades completely produced using Additive Manufacturing (AM) technology. The project team used blades manufactured at its 3D printing facility at Materials Solutions , in Worcester, UK. MORE
Electric vehicle startup Faraday Future (FF) has signed a lease on its new 1 M ft 2 manufacturing facility, and has begun the process of clean-up to prepare the new site for the move-in of manufacturing equipment. MORE
After years of maturation and prototype testing, helicopter engine manufacturer Turbomeca (Safran) has entered serial production of parts using the latest additive manufacturing (3D printing) process at its Bordes facility in France. MORE
At Hannover Messe, Microsoft and the BMW Group announced a new community initiative to enable faster, more cost-effective innovation in the manufacturing sector. Manufacturing production and profitability can be hindered by complex, proprietary systems that create data silos and slow productivity. The Open Manufacturing Platform (OMP) is designed to break down these barriers through the creation of an open technology framework and cross-industry community. MORE
Manufacturer Related Topics Green Car Congress
APRIL 9, 2019
Siemens is intensifying its cooperation with the EDAG Group —a leading global independent engineering company for the automotive industry—further to promote industrial applications of additive manufacturing (AM) and to make engineering and production processes more efficient.
Green Car Congress
APRIL 3, 2019
At Hannover Messe, Microsoft and the BMW Group announced a new community initiative to enable faster, more cost-effective innovation in the manufacturing sector. Manufacturing production and profitability can be hindered by complex, proprietary systems that create data silos and slow productivity. The Open Manufacturing Platform (OMP) is designed to break down these barriers through the creation of an open technology framework and cross-industry community.
Green Car Congress
APRIL 5, 2019
GFL is the world’s leading lithium compounds and metal manufacturer and dually listed on Chinese A share in 2010 and Hong Kong H share in 2018. Batteries Electric (Battery) Vehicle ManufacturersThe Volkswagen Group and Ganfeng Lithium Co.,
Green Car Congress
FEBRUARY 12, 2019
Because blockchain gives us both capabilities, we can build trustworthiness into digital manufacturing networks. In their report, Hedberg, Krima and co-author Allison Barnard Feeney describe potential digital threats to smart manufacturing such as product data theft, tampering and corruption.
Green Car Congress
APRIL 16, 2018
The BMW Group will invest more than €10 million in a new Additive Manufacturing Campus. Our new Additive Manufacturing Campus will concentrate the full spectrum of the BMW Group’s 3D printing expertise at a single location. 3D printing Manufacturing
Green Car Congress
APRIL 3, 2017
The next generation of cars will be cleaner and greener than ever—but a lot of the manufacturing processes that go into them are still pretty dirty. From the frame to the muffler, automotive manufacturing still involves welding, cutting, grinding and machining.
Green Car Congress
APRIL 2, 2019
The HPC4Mtls Program is sponsored by EERE’s Fuel Cell Technologies Office and Vehicle Technologies Office to enhance the US materials development, fabrication, and manufacturing industry to investigate, improve, and scale methods that will accelerate the development of materials that perform well in severe and complex energy application environments. High Performance Computing Manufacturing MaterialsThe US Department of Energy (DOE) has announced nearly $5.2
Plug In Partners
SEPTEMBER 15, 2008
One things is clear, except for Honda , most manufacturers are either getting on board now or headed in the Plug-In direction. Tags: manufacturers I t wasn't that long ago that I remember a Chrysler ad that bragged about how its new Charger, with the big V 8, was a hybrid.
Green Car Congress
FEBRUARY 18, 2019
YASA, a leading manufacturer of axial-flux electric motors and controllers, signed a long-term joint innovation agreement with a global automotive OEM. The novel design is enabled by using powdered iron materials that enable complex magnetic parts to be manufactured easily.
Green Car Congress
MARCH 25, 2019
The first prototype carbon fiber MonoCell, the tub that forms the main structure of McLaren’s cars, has been shipped from the company’s new £50-million (US$66-million) innovation and production center in Yorkshire to the McLaren Production center (MPC) in Woking, Surrey.
Green Car Congress
JUNE 27, 2018
Ford Motor Company has met its goal to reduce manufacturing CO 2 emissions eight years ahead of schedule. The goal, set in 2010, aimed to reduce the company’s global carbon dioxide emissions from manufacturing operations by 30% per vehicle produced by 2025. The results are significant, with a global manufacturing CO 2 emissions reduction of more than 3.4 —Bruce Hettle, group vice president, manufacturing and labor affairs. Emissions Manufacturing
Green Car Congress
MARCH 11, 2017
HTS International Corporation and the Department of Energy’s Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) have signed an agreement to explore potential collaborations in advanced manufacturing research such as in conformal cooling. 3D printing Manufacturing
Green Car Congress
AUGUST 3, 2018
Ericsson is already running 5G industry programs all over the world to help manufacturers boost productivity and create new business opportunities. This project is a great opportunity to see what is possible when we bring 5G into an automobile production environment to truly enable smart wireless manufacturing. survey, the 2018 Manufacturing Global Expert Survey , found that two-thirds of manufacturing companies rank digitizing the production value chain (Industry 4.0)
Green Car Congress
SEPTEMBER 2, 2018
manufacturing. There is great potential for the US manufacturing industry to use the power of HPC to solve key challenges, but many manufacturers lack access to supercomputing resources. Batteries High Performance Computing Manufacturing Materials Solid-state
Green Car Congress
JANUARY 25, 2019
The German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) has launched the Battery Cell Research Production Center, a new R&D and large-scale industrial manufacturing plant for lithium-ion cells; the center will receive an investment of €500 million. Six German cell manufacturers have already pledged their support for the establishment and operation of research production: Leclanché, BMZ Group/ Terra E, Customcells, EAS and Liacon.
Green Car Congress
FEBRUARY 8, 2019
AKASOL AG, a leading German producer of high-performance lithium-ion battery systems, is expanding its long-term framework agreement to supply a Swedish commercial vehicle manufacturer with high-performance battery systems for electric buses and trucks.
Green Car Congress
JULY 10, 2018
The Chinese EV battery manufacturer Contemporary Amperex Technology Ltd. European knowledge in battery manufacturing. Its R&D portfolio includes materials study, product development, engineering design, test and verification, intelligent manufacture, project management, etc.
Green Car Congress
MARCH 25, 2019
The data evaluation results will then be made available to manufacturers and users in the form of graphics. To shorten the charging time of e-bikes—in particular during daily use in the city—Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) and Coboc GmbH & Co. KG, a company specialized in electric mobility, plan to make the batteries of pedelecs capable of rapid charging. Presently, charging of an e-bike battery takes about two to four hours.
Green Car Congress
SEPTEMBER 25, 2015
Significantly to reduce the CO 2 intensity and water use of its manufacturing operations. Honda continually strives to improve energy efficiency and to r educe waste, water use and emissions from the manufacturing of its products.
Green Car Congress
JUNE 1, 2018
The US Department of Energy’s (DOE’s) Clean Energy Smart Manufacturing Innovation Institute ( CESMII ) will award nearly $10 million for ten projects to help advance its goals and enable US manufacturers to develop and implement innovations that will advance U.S. manufacturing competitiveness, sustainability, and innovation. This project will develop technologies on data modeling, machine learning, and data-centric analytics for smart aerospace additive manufacturing.
Green Car Congress
DECEMBER 10, 2016
The US Department of Energy (DOE) has selected the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE) to lead the 10 th Manufacturing USA Institute to be stood up during the Obama Administration. Traditional chemical manufacturing relies on large-scale, energy-intensive processing.
Green Car Congress
FEBRUARY 12, 2019
Carbon announced a strategic partnership with Lamborghini in digital manufacturing. Through our extensive procurement research, we found that many of our vehicle components were ideal candidates for digital manufacturing.
Green Car Congress
FEBRUARY 13, 2019
Wirtz Manufacturing, a global provider of equipment design and technology for the lead-acid battery market, has made a strategic investment in ZAF Energy Systems, a manufacturer of nickel-zinc (NiZn) batteries. The investment will expand ZAF’s manufacturing capacity from hundreds of batteries per month to thousands of batteries per month in the ZAF Joplin, Missouri facility.
Green Car Congress
JANUARY 30, 2017
General Motors and Honda are establishing the auto industry’s first manufacturing joint venture—Fuel Cell System Manufacturing, LLC, FCSM)—to mass-produce an advanced hydrogen fuel cell system that will be used in future products from each company.
Green Car Congress
DECEMBER 4, 2018
billion to build a new electric vehicle (EV) battery manufacturing plant in Georgia. The first phase will invest approximately $1 billion and employ more than 1,000 advanced manufacturing employees, making it the largest scale electric vehicle battery plant in the United States. South Korea-based SK Innovation, a developer of lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles, will invest $1.67
Green Car Congress
AUGUST 7, 2018
Automakers and their suppliers, like manufacturers in many other industries, have been exploring the potential of digital manufacturing strategies to increase productivity, profitability and decision-making. However, a new McKinsey survey has found that a large confidence gap exists between the number of companies that try digital manufacturing strategies and those that successfully apply them. manufacturing strategies. Manufacturing
Green Car Congress
MARCH 13, 2018
To ensure adequate battery capacity, partnerships with battery manufacturers for Europe and China have already been agreed. Batteries Electric (Battery) Manufacturing Vehicle ManufacturersThe Volkswagen Group is expanding its production of electric vehicles to 16 locations around the globe by the end of 2022. This was announced by Matthias Müller, CEO of Volkswagen AG, at the Group’s Annual Media Conference in Berlin.
Green Car Congress
AUGUST 10, 2015
Additive manufacturing (3D printing) company Carbon3D Inc. Carbon3D joins the Technology Pioneers program as the first additive manufacturing company to be selected. The manufacturing time allowed engineers to make design iterations much more quickly than with traditional methods.
Green Car Congress
JANUARY 11, 2015
After years of maturation and prototype testing, helicopter engine manufacturer Turbomeca (Safran) has entered serial production of parts using the latest additive manufacturing (3D printing) process at its Bordes facility in France.
Green Car Congress
SEPTEMBER 18, 2015
The US Department of Energy announced up to $70 million in funding ( DE-FOA-0001263 ) for the next Clean Energy Manufacturing Innovation Institute, which will be focused on smart manufacturing. With this investment, the DOE aims to support research and development advancements that can reduce the cost of deployment for technologies such as advanced sensors, controls, platforms, and modeling for manufacturing by as much as 50%. Internet of Things Manufacturing Sensors
Green Car Congress
SEPTEMBER 19, 2013
million to fund two research projects aimed at improving measurement and standards for the rapidly developing field of additive manufacturing (AM). Additive manufacturing, also known as 3D printing, is a group of new technologies that build up objects, usually by laying down many thin layers on top of each other. Additive manufacturing processes face a variety of hurdles that limit their utility for high-value products and applications. Manufacturing
Green Car Congress
FEBRUARY 7, 2017
Siemens has achieved a breakthrough by finishing its first full load engine tests for gas turbine blades completely produced using Additive Manufacturing (AM) technology. The project team used blades manufactured at its 3D printing facility at Materials Solutions , in Worcester, UK.
Green Car Congress
FEBRUARY 25, 2014
President Obama announced two new manufacturing innovation institutes led by the Department of Defense supported by a $140-million Federal commitment combined with more than $140 million in non-federal resources: (1) a Detroit-area-headquartered consortium of businesses and universities, with a focus on lightweight and modern metals manufacturing; and (2) a Chicago-headquartered consortium of businesses and universities that will concentrate on digital manufacturing and design technologies.
Green Car Congress
DECEMBER 12, 2012
Combined, the construction of the battery plant and modification of the Smyrna manufacturing facility represent an investment of up to $1.7 The Nissan LEAF is manufactured on the same line as Altima and Maxima so volume can readily be adjusted among the vehicles to meet demand.
Green Car Congress
JANUARY 25, 2017
Audi AG has started a development partnership with EOS, a global provider of high-end Additive Manufacturing (AM) solutions. In application of additive manufacturing, Audi is also focusing on the production of inserts for die casting molds and hot working segments.
Green Car Congress
OCTOBER 7, 2013
Approximately $52 million of the investment went to a new body shop that manufactures the car’s all-new, lightweight aluminum frame in-house for the first time. Fuel Efficiency Manufacturing Weight reduction Aluminum resistance spot welding in Bowling Green.
Green Car Reports
NOVEMBER 21, 2016
Manufacturing Tesla Motors plug-in cars Tesla Model 3Tesla Motors is facing a huge increase its production output in order to meet the ambitious goals set by CEO Elon Musk. He says he expects the company produce 500,000 electric cars per year by 2018. Much of that volume will come from the Model 3, the 215-mile, $35,000 sedan Tesla unveiled earlier this year, and plans to put into production by the.
Green Car Congress
MARCH 1, 2018
Although Bosch intends to lead the mass market for electromobility that will emerge after 2020, the company has decided that the means to achieving that strategic end does not include manufacturing of the battery cells.
Green Car Congress
AUGUST 7, 2017
Electric vehicle startup Faraday Future (FF) has signed a lease on its new 1 M ft 2 manufacturing facility, and has begun the process of clean-up to prepare the new site for the move-in of manufacturing equipment.
Green Car Congress
MAY 31, 2018
StreetScooter GmbH, a subsidiary of Deutsche Post DHL Group and leading producer of electric delivery vehicles ( earlier post ), has opened its second manufacturing facility.
Green Cars News
DECEMBER 6, 2012
Manufacturer Spotlight smart smart fortwoWhere we stand: December, 2012 It’s no surprise that with a name like Smart (for branding purposes, all in lower case: “smart”), the automotive brand packs in a lot of clever technology.
Green Cars News
JANUARY 23, 2013
Manufacturer Spotlight india TataWhere we stand: January, 2013 In the UK, Tata Motors is perhaps most well-known as the name behind Jaguar and Land Rover.
Green Car Congress
JULY 13, 2016
The BMW Group has been using components from 3D printers in series production since 2012; more than 10,000 additively-manufactured parts are built into the Rolls-Royce Phantom. The advantages of additive manufacturing are visible early on, especially for components with a complicated design.
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