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Knittel/Smith results for implied gasoline price effects from elimination of ethanol for 2010 using Du/Hayes model and pooled-sample estimates. in 2010 and 2011, respectively. in 2010 and 2011, respectively. Results from Du/Hayes are indicated by the large square. Source: Knittel and Smith (2012). Click to enlarge.
From their perch near the submarine network, the banks realized that mobile broadband would allow them to reach exponentially more customers, especially once those customers could take advantage of Nigeria’s instant-payment system , launched by the central bank in 2011. MTN’s two cables landed in Nigeria in 2011.) equivalents.
a gasification-based drop-in advanced biofuels company, finalized a licensing agreement to use ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company’s methanol-to-gasoline ( MTG ) technology to be incorporated into a “green gasoline” production facility. MTG reactor product is separated into gas, raw gasoline and water.
Diesel is currently taxed at a lower level than gasoline in Europe; however, since 2011 the EC has been considering reversing that situation by making energy taxes systematically reflect the CO 2 performance of the energy product. A scheme including a decreased gasoline tax could bring about an increase in CO 2 emissions.
Bamboo, the composition of which is highly similar to energy grasses used for biofuel production such as switchgrass, is an interesting potential feedstock for advanced bioethanol production in China due to its natural abundance, rapid growth, perennial nature and low management requirements. Click to enlarge. million tons in 2008.
Block flow diagram for the production of gasoline from lignocellulosic biomass by aqueous phase hydrodeoxygenation of a solution produced by the hydrolysis of biomass. The highest gasoline yield from this two-stage process was obtained from the stream produced by acid hydrolysis of maple wood with 0.5 Click to enlarge.
In the US Energy Information Administration’s Annual Energy Outlook 2014 (AEO2014) Reference case, more-stringent vehicle fuel economy standards contribute to a decline in motor gasoline consumption through 2040. The Reference case projects an increase in VMT that, all else equal, would increase motor gasoline fuel consumption.
US gasoline consumption in the first quarter of 2012, which averaged about 8.5 Gasoline prices since the beginning of May 2012 were lower than the same time last year, and gasoline consumption showed some very modest gains in April and May. US gasoline consumption peaked in 2007 at 9.3 Click to enlarge.
The Nikkei reports that the nationwide average price in Japan for regular gasoline was ¥139.8 Gasoline consumption that year is expected to be about 60% lower than the fiscal 2010 level. per liter ($6.65
liter gasoline engine. features a high compression ratio (for a regular gasoline mass production automobile engine) of 14.0:1 to the Japanese market in the facelifted Mazda Demio (known overseas as the Mazda2) during the first half of 2011. direct-injection 1.3-liter The SKYACTIV-G 1.3 It will be the first 1.3-liter
liter EA888 Gen3 engine featured in Audi’s all-road shooting brake plug-in hybrid concept unveiled at the North American International Auto Show this week ( earlier post ) features—as does its production ilk—a dual injection system that combines direct injection with indirect injection into the intake manifold. Earlier post.).
The report, being released as part of the LowCVP Annual Conference 2011 on 9 June, highlights the increasing importance of accounting for whole life carbon emissions to compare the greenhouse gas emissions of low carbon vehicles. production Estimated emissions in. production. Standard gasoline vehicle. emissions in.
Total US exports of finished petroleum products have increased more than 60% since 2007 as markets have become more globally integrated, according to the US Energy Information Administration (EIA). This trend is driven primarily by finished motor gasoline and distillate fuel oil which are increasingly exported to Latin America.
The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has issued a final greenhouse gas (GHG) Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) construction permit to Natgasoline LLC to construct a new motor-grade gasolineproduction facility in Texas that uses natural gas as feedstock (gas-to-gasoline, or GtG). MTG process flow.
Shell has developed a lead-free replacement for aviation gasoline (Avgas 100 and 100LL); the replacement fuel will now begin a strict regulatory approvals process. Leaded gasoline for automobiles was phased out of use in the US by 1995 due to its environmental and health impact.) Shell is the first major oil company to do so.
The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has granted Dynamic Fuels, LLC Part 79 registration for its Renewable Gasoline Blendstock 10 by the U.S. Advanced Biofuel, or D5, RINS for each gallon of its renewable gasoline blendstock when blended into petroleum gasoline at up to a 10% concentration.
points to a potential production cost as low as $2.28/gallon Liter) for gasoline or diesel using a blend of algae and waste feedstocks, using the latest growth, harvesting and fuel conversion technologies from OriginOil and other innovators. per gallon for gasoline or diesel. gallon ($0.60/Liter) This cost roughly doubles to $5.44/gallon
In a single-cylinder heavy-duty research engine fueled with gasoline and diesel, RCCI delivered near zero NO x and soot and peak gross thermal efficiency of 56%; fueling with E85 and diesel resulted in an indicated efficiency of 59%. SAE 2011-01-0357. presented at SAE 2011 World Congress, reported on RCCI operation at load of 2 and 4.5
Researchers in China report the production of gasoline and diesel from coal tar via an optimized catalytic hydrogenation using two serial fixed beds, the first with a hydrofining catalyst of MoNi/?-Al of the world’s total, according to a 2011 market research report; 9.94 Flow diagram of coal tar hydrogenation process.
In terms of market share, gasoline direct injection doubled in MY 2010 (from 4.2% to 8.3%) and is projected to triple from MY 2009-2011 (to 13.7%); turbocharging is projected to double in MY 2011 (from 3.5% to 7.4%); cylinder deactivation is projected to nearly double in MY 2011 (from 6.4% share for MY 2011, up from 3.8%
a start-up company developing a technology that converts low-grade biomass into high-grade fuels, including gasoline, and carbon that can be sequestered ( earlier post ) announced that BP Technology Ventures has made an investment in the company’s C Round of financing. CoolPlanet BioFuels, Inc.,
EPA projects advanced transmissions (6+ speeds and CVTs), gasoline direct injection (GDI) systems, and turbocharged engines will be installed on at least 15% of all MY 2013 vehicles. The majority of the emissions and fuel savings from current vehicles, EPA noted, is due to new gasoline vehicle technologies. Click to enlarge.
Ford’s Michigan Assembly Plant is starting production of the 2012 Focus Electric ( earlier post )—a five-passenger, battery-electric car Ford expects will achieve more than a 100 miles per gallon equivalent (MPGe) fuel economy rating. 1 gallon of gasoline=33.7 1 gallon of gasoline=33.7 Phoenix and Tucson, Ariz.;
Although increased gasoline taxation has been proposed as a very effective instrument to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, a common argument against such a measure is that it is regressive—i.e., The researchers studied data from 25 different countries to investigate the concern that gasoline taxes affect poor people the most.
Renault’s comparison of the carbon footprint of EV and ICE vehicles over production, operation and end of life. The study used the series production versions launched in 2011, with the assumption of operation for 150,000 km (93,205 miles). dCi); gasoline Fluence 16V (1.6L); and the battery-electric Fluence Z.E. (22
powertrain assembly plant will build Mercedes-Benz 4-cylinder gasoline engines for Infiniti and Mercedes-Benz models. Production will begin in 2014, with installed capacity of 250,000 units per year once full ramp–up is achieved. In 2011, Decherd produced more than 580,000 engines on a covered area of more than 1.2
The US Department of Energy (DOE) released the final report from its National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) for a technology validation project that collected data from more than 180 fuel cell electric vehicles over six years (early 2005 through September 2011). These vehicles made more than 500,000 trips and traveled 3.6
At the 2012 North American International Auto Show in Detroit, Volvo Car Corporation will unveil the Volvo XC60 gasoline-electric Plug-in Hybrid Concept. In February 2011 at the Geneva Motor Show, Volvo introduced the diesel-electric V60 Plug-in Hybrid (PHEV) to go on sale in Europe later this year. XC60 Plug-in Hybrid Concept.
Total US greenhouse gas emissions by economic sector in 2011. decrease in 2011 from the previous year. GHG emissions in 2011 showed a 6.9% Total emissions of the six main greenhouse gases in 2011 were equivalent to 6,702 million metric tons of carbon dioxide. million metric tons in 2011. billion gallons in 2011.
The new Peugeot 208 B-segment supermini, which launches this spring in Europe, will be available in 3- and 5-door bodystyles with a range of gasoline and diesel engines including a new 3-cylinder gasoline engine range and the latest generation of Stop & Start System (e-HDi) diesel engines. 208 gasoline range. 208 gasoline range.
decrease in 2012 from 2011. The major contributors to the decrease in emissions from 2011-2012 were the decrease in energy consumption across all sectors in the US economy, and the decrease in carbon intensity for electricity generation due to fuel switching from coal to natural gas. Click to enlarge. The Inventory of U.S. Source: EPA.
Adjusted CO 2 emissions and adjusted fuel economy, MY 1975-2011. Data for MY 2011 are final; data for MY 2012 are preliminary and based on projected vehicle production values provided to EPA by manufacturers. Source: EPA. Click to enlarge. l/100 km), both slightly worse relative to MY 2010. Source: EPA. Click to enlarge.
A status review of California’s Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS) ( earlier post ) for the period of 2011 and the first quarter of 2012 by Dr. Sonia Yeh at the Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Davis and Julie Witcover found that regulated parties in the LCFS—i.e., gCO 2 e/MJ for gasoline.
The biggest roadblock to advanced cellulosic biofuels is reducing the cost of production. One approach to reducing the costs of advanced biofuel production from cellulosic biomass is to engineer a single microorganism to both digest plant biomass and produce hydrocarbons that have the properties of petrochemical fuels.
This rise in average CO 2 emissions correlates with a decrease in demand for diesel cars across Europe—which produce lower CO 2 emissions than gasoline cars—and the rising popularity of SUVs, which emit higher average CO 2 emissions of 133.0 g/km, compared to gasoline cars, which had an average of 123.4 g/km CO 2 emitted.
Researchers in Spain have obtained high-quality transportation fuels (gasoline with RON >80 and diesel with cetane number >70) from oil obtained by the thermal cracking of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) using a bifunctional catalyst comprising Ni (7 wt %) deposited on a hierarchical Beta zeolite (Ni/h-Beta). in the period 2000-2010.
Gasoline section shows results for fuel derived from both conventional oil and oil sands. Expansion bars show the components of fuel production. This allows for greater access to the play and can increase production on a per-well basis. Credit: ACS, Burnham et al. Click to enlarge. However, the environmental impacts (e.g.,
liter gasoline engine from the EA 211 series will be produced locally as of 2015. To this end we will once again be investing approximately 1 billion euro in local production and new models. The Volkswagen Group is expanding its capacities in Russia with the construction of a new engine plant in Kaluga, Russia.
Starting in 2013, Audi will begin series production of TCNG models whose engines—derived from TFSI units—will be powered by e-gas: synthetic methane produced via the methanation of hydrogen produced by electrolysis using renewable electricity. Ground is scheduled to be broken in Werlte, Germany in July 2011.
Imports of petroleum product into the United States increased in March 2021 as a result of increased demand, temporary unplanned refinery outages in the US Gulf Coast, and high US petroleum product prices compared with prices in Europe, according to the US Energy Information Administration (EIA). petroleum product imports was 2.8
The refinery facilities include fluid catalytic cracking, hydrodesulfurization units, a reformer and a hydrocracker that enable it to produce a high percentage of transportation fuels, such as gasoline, diesel fuel and jet fuel. Other products include home heating oil and low-sulfur fuel oil.
Toyota Motor Manufacturing France (TMMF) has started production of the Toyota Yaris compact car for export to the US, Canada and Puerto Rico. The model produced is the conventional gasoline-fueled Yaris and annual export volume will be around 25,000 units on a full-year basis. An additional €10 million (US$12.9
In an effort to address the rapidly increasing cost of gasoline, President Biden authorized the release of 1 million barrels of oil per day for the next six months—more than 180 million barrels—from the Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR). 2011 IEA Coordinated Release. 2011 IEA Coordinated Release. President George W.
Grangemouth, one of Scotland’s largest manufacturing sites, is owned and operated by INEOS and Petroineos, a joint venture formed between INEOS and PetroChina in 2011. This will include capturing CO 2 from existing hydrogen production and the construction of a world-scale carbon-capture-enabled hydrogen production plant.
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