This site uses cookies to improve your experience. To help us insure we adhere to various privacy regulations, please select your country/region of residence. If you do not select a country, we will assume you are from the United States. Select your Cookie Settings or view our Privacy Policy and Terms of Use.
Cookie Settings
Cookies and similar technologies are used on this website for proper function of the website, for tracking performance analytics and for marketing purposes. We and some of our third-party providers may use cookie data for various purposes. Please review the cookie settings below and choose your preference.
Used for the proper function of the website
Used for monitoring website traffic and interactions
Cookie Settings
Cookies and similar technologies are used on this website for proper function of the website, for tracking performance analytics and for marketing purposes. We and some of our third-party providers may use cookie data for various purposes. Please review the cookie settings below and choose your preference.
Strictly Necessary: Used for the proper function of the website
Performance/Analytics: Used for monitoring website traffic and interactions
Scaling of industry sales statistics enabled the discrepancy to be attributed to the use of ancillary solvent products such as screenwash and deicer which are not included in internationally applied vehicle emission methodologies. While some VOCs are released in exhaust, others may arise from an unexpected source—e.g.,
There are two basic exhaust emissions and fuel economy tests described in J1711. Calculations are provided that combine the CD and charge-sustaining (CS) behavior according to in-use driving statistics. Earlier post.) One test begins with operation assumed to be CS for HEV operating modes: the Charge-Sustaining Test (CST).
A study by a team from UC Riverside has assessed the potential of increasing ethanol content in California reformulated gasoline (CaRFG) by investigating the exhaust emissions from a fleet of 20 Tier 3 light-duty vehicles. Formaldehyde emissions did not show a statistically significant effect.
A new statistical method developed by researchers at KAUST (King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Saudi Arabia) can detect abnormal ozone levels within large bodies of monitored data. The monitoring methods can quickly and accurately detect ozone anomalies—localized spikes in ozone concentration indicated by sensor data.
The California Air Resources Board (CARB) has released the results of a multiyear study evaluating exhaust emissions from the use of California Reformulated Gasoline (CaRFG) that contains 15 volume percent ethanol (E15). The test fleet showed statistically significant effects for some pollutants, but not for others.
the E30 and E78—led to statistically significant reductions of 9%–13% for total hydrocarbon (THC); 13%–44% for non-methane hydrocarbon (NMHC); 20%–35% for carbon monoxide (CO); and 17%–36% for nitrogen oxides (NO x ) emissions compared to the high-aromatics E10 fuel. The study found that higher ethanol blends—i.e., 8b02206.
In the study, the team examined the relationships between biodiesel fuel blend, exhaust particle oxidative potential (OP), and PM composition. OP in oxidized aerosols, including engine exhaust, is commonly quantified using the DTT (dithiothreitol) assay. PM-normalized DTT Activity for biodiesel exhaust PM.
The changes that took place between phases one and two were clear and statistically significant. The proportion who felt exhausted once or twice a week declined from 49 to 39 percent—that is, down to the same proportion as in the reference group. There was also a clear reduction of perceived health effects.
Brighton & Hove operates a fleet of approximately 280 modern buses in and around the city of Brighton & Hove which, according to recent Department for Transport statistics, boasts the country’s highest—and consistently growing—number of bus journeys per head of population outside London.
A new report by the UK’s Office for National Statistics (ONS) finds that greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from road transport in the UK rose by 6% from 1990 to 2017. Source: Office for National Statistics – UK Environmental Accounts, Energy Use datasets. Among the other findings of the report: At the end of 2018, 0.5%
Among the large, statistically significant fuel effects on regulated emissions: i-butanol delivered a 29% reduction in CO from E16 and a 60% increase in formaldehyde emissions, compared to certification gasoline. C 8 hydrocarbons (particularly 1,3-butadiene and benzene).
Designed to run on waste heat from the exhaust of small industrial furnaces, diesel engines and gas turbines, Cyclone’s WHE has also been adapted for other recovered energy applications. One such extended use is the Phoenix 10, an electric power generator that runs on used motor oil.
This could be paired with combustion technologies with highly diluted combustion (stoichiometric with exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) as well as lean burn with excess-air ratios above 2). Further development of exhaust gas energy recovery systems with turbo-compounding and possibly chemical reforming should be encouraged. Gas exchange.
The team used FT fuel derived from natural gas, and ran the different fuels and blend in a PW308 business jet class gas turbine engine over a range of engine power conditions to provide exhaust gas for analysis. The NO x reduction is greater than can be explained by experimental uncertainty and is therefore statistically significant.
Truck drivers have a higher risk of lung cancer that is associated with exposure to diesel exhaust. Diesel exhaust is a complex mixture of particles and gases and the specific component responsible for health effects has not been identified. Some of the gaseous compounds are known or suspected carcinogens.
The ECM controls the air/fuel ratio (AFR) by measuring the voltage generated through the oxygen sensor which indicates the proportion of oxygen in the exhaust. Finally, a number of more complex statistical data analyses were conducted to determine the effect of E30 on overall vehicle performance.
This puffy line is not just exhaust from the engine, but a change in the clouds that’s caused by small airborne particles of pollution. Small particles in exhaust from burning fossil fuels creates “seeds” on which water vapor in the air can condense into cloud droplets.
The vehicle parc has contributed to the city’s deteriorating air quality, as exhaust from automobiles was responsible for 41% of smog, according to official statistics, causing the city’s PM 2.5 million parking spots. index to exceed a safe limit. (As
Fewer soot particles in the exhaust stream of aircraft reduces the formation of ice crystals and therefore the climate impact of the resulting contrail cirrus. Hatched areas indicate locations in which the difference is statistically significant at a 95% confidence level. Burkhardt et al.
Among the findings from the study: For vehicles certified to the same emissions standard, there is no statistical difference of regulated gas-phase pollutant emissions between PFIs and GDIs. Therefore, the secondary organic aerosol and ozone formation potential of the exhaust does not depend on engine technology. of the data.
We have at least one vehicle in our database which was emitting 70 grams of hydrocarbon per mile, which means you could almost drive a Honda Civic on the exhaust fumes from that car. The cleverly named OVERT uses a four-gas analyser to measure carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon levels in the exhaust. Do let us know in the Comments.)
More classic regression techniques are also claimed in machine learning but from a historical perspective are more heavily rooted in statistics. The mapping shown in the figure is intended to be representative, but not exhaustive. In some cases, the relationships could actually be thought of like a Venn diagram.
This statistic increases to two-thirds of all new registrations if the data are restricted to passenger cars, according to Bosch. A recent example is the Chevrolet Cruze, for which Bosch supplies the diesel fuel injection system along with the exhaust-gas treatment system, engine control system, ceramic spark plugs, and sensors.
The environment has benefitted both locally in terms of less waste, reduced noise and fewer exhaust fumes, as well as globally through less CO 2 emissions from idling vehicles. Trade and tourism statistics show increased activity across the border. The disappearance of truck queues has improved local traffic flows and road safety.
The intent of this subtopic is to pursue the development of technologies that can improve the fuel economy of vehicles with modern Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) engine powertrains while meeting regulated exhaust emissions requirements with modern 3-way catalytic converters under stoichiometric conditions.
This features many improvements over the previous EA111 generation, including lightweight aluminum construction, an integrated (into the head) exhaust manifold, and a toothed-belt drive for its double overhead camshaft valvetrain that incorporates variable intake timing. There is also a sport setting (“S” mode).
Some strategies to reduce emissions include running the engine highly dilute, with excess air or with recirculated exhaust gases as part of the combustion charge. However, increased dilution leads to increased combustion instability resulting in reduced fuel-economy benefits. —Dean Edwards, ORNL.
Overall the tailpipe emissions and OBD II results show that 2001 and newer cars are able to compensate for the increased oxygen content and lower energy content of E15 blends, such that combustion and exhaust temperatures do not change significantly.
We apply density functional theory, together with a statistical learning approach based on least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression, to identify property descriptors that predict interaction strengths between single metal atoms and oxide supports. —Rice’s Thomas Senftle, co-author. That’s a gas phase reaction.
According to statistics compiled by the German Motor Vehicle Registration Authority cited by BMW, the average fuel consumption of all BMW and MINI vehicles registered in Germany in 2008 is 5.9 The volume and temperature of exhaust gas may be determined precisely as a function of current running conditions and the temperature of the engine.
J1711 (Recommended Practice For Measuring The Exhaust Emissions And Fuel Economy Of Hybrid Electric Vehicles) is designed to establish uniform chassis dynamometer test procedures for hybrid-electric vehicles that are designed to be driven on public roads.
Using statistical methods, the scientists infer emissions from these data within a radius of about one kilometer of the measurement location. Generally, different combustion and exhaust treatment characteristics result in significantly higher NO x /CO 2 emission ratios for diesel powered cars than for gasoline. —Thomas Karl.
Statistically valid fuel economy improvements (95% confidence level) of at least 5.0% Reporting must include fuel consumption test results over the entire engine map of the prototype compared with a second, unmodified, otherwise identical engine. All fuel consumption testing must be conducted according to engine industry norms. are desired.
With Vehicle Real-Time Inspection Warning, OnStar carries out a smart vehicle inspection of eight major systems on a monthly basis: the engine and transmission, the anti-lock braking system, the stability control system, the air bags, the exhaust system, OnStar, the electric motor module, and lithium batteries. OnStar Mobile App 7.0
percent share of the market earlier this year — we’ve yet to see any statistical analysis putting plug-in hybrids above 1.9 However, the average American commute is over 26 miles one way — meaning every PHEV that’s presently on sale would exhaust its battery range before its owner made it home for dinner.
We all know about the efforts being made to reduce vehicle exhaust emissions: but now new statistics suggest that European automakers are also reducing emissions vastly at the vehicle production stage.
No statistically significant change was detected. Earlier post.). Ron Sahu critiqued the DOE report (above) that tested a small sample size of legacy vehicles and small non-road engines.
Finally, all the engines run cold on the intake side and hot on the exhaust side. Thanks to construction commonality within a combustion type, the proportion of shared components has increased to as much as 60%, while design commonality between gasoline and diesel engines is approximately 40%.
The mission was also SpaceX’s 136th consecutively successful Falcon 9 launch, ensuring that it remains perhaps the most statistically reliably rocket ever flown. Thanks to its timing shortly after sunset, Falcon 9 ascended into sunlight during its CRS-25 launch, illuminating its exhaust plume. Richard Angle).
Five fuel blends (all based on pure components) were designed to test the effect of laminar flame speed (LFS) on the lean and exhaust-gas recirculation (EGR) dilution limits of SI combustion with various constant heats of vaporization (HoV). Higher fuel laminar flame speed expands dilute or lean operation.
Ram says it can charge at 800 volts, claiming users could add 100 miles of range in 10 minutes (a carefully chosen statistic that assumes a largely depleted pack, optimum temperatures, and other ideal conditions). Expressive styling, ‘white-knuckle’ performance.
Most of us consider ourselves good drivers, but statistics suggest that more than 90% of collisions are caused by driver errors. If you are exhausted, delay your journey and take a nap. This article may contain affiliate links. More than 12 million vehicles were involved in crashes on U.S. roads in 2019 alone.
The hydrogen ions combine with oxygen to create water vapor, which the vehicle emits as harmless exhaust. On a broader level, recent supply chain statistics state that 48% of companies are under increasing pressure to improve sustainability in the supply chain—a trend that can potentially boost all eco-friendly technologies.
Its heart is the exhaust manifold integrated into the cylinder head. It quickly warms up the engine following a cold start, and at high load the water jacket reduces the temperature of the exhaust gas. The coolant loop for the TFSI also incorporates the oil cooler for the S tronic. Click to enlarge.
We organize all of the trending information in your field so you don't have to. Join 5,000+ users and stay up to date on the latest articles your peers are reading.
You know about us, now we want to get to know you!
Let's personalize your content
Let's get even more personalized
We recognize your account from another site in our network, please click 'Send Email' below to continue with verifying your account and setting a password.
Let's personalize your content