Green Car Congress

MAY 27, 2009

World marketed energy consumption is projected to grow by 44% between 2006 and 2030, driven by strong long-term economic growth in the developing nations of the world, according to the reference case projection from the International Energy Outlook 2009 ( IEO2009 ) released today by the US Energy Information Administration (EIA).

2006 150

2006 Emissions Energy Oil-Sands 150

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 18, 2009

billion went to traditional sources—such as coal and oil—and $2.3 billion went to carbon capture and storage, which is designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from coal-fired power plants. More than half the subsidies for renewables—$16.8 billion—are attributable to corn-based ethanol, the climate effects of which are disputed.

Renewable 338

Renewable Fuel Tax Credit 2002 338

Green Car Congress

MARCH 20, 2013

Two energy-intensive subsectors (petroleum and coal products, and food) showed 3.5% Although nearly all manufacturers use energy as a fuel, 99% of feedstock energy use occurs in only three manufacturing subsectors: primary metals, chemicals, and petroleum and coal products. increases in their fuel consumption from 2002 to 2010.

2002 236

2002 Manufacturer Energy Coal 236

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 2, 2013

2006) and Pope et al. For coal, oil, and natural gas, respectively, associated economic values of health impacts are $0.19–$0.45/kWh, For coal and oil, these costs are larger than the typical retail price of electricity, demonstrating the magnitude of the externality. The high (?) values are given by Laden et al.

EPA 277

EPA Emissions Fuel Climate Change 277

Green Car Congress

MAY 24, 2012

Coal accounted for 45% of total energy-related CO 2 emissions in 2011, followed by oil (35%) and natural gas (20%). China made the largest contribution to the global increase, with its emissions rising by 720 million tonnes (Mt), or 9.3%, primarily due to higher coal consumption. This represents an increase of 1.0 Gt on 2010, or 3.2%.

2011 230

2011 Emissions Global CO2 230

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 27, 2011

Centennial, CO, developing technology to biochemically convert coal to methane at large scale and low cost. GE Energy Financial Services’ venture capital team has invested about $200 million in 27 early- and growth-stage energy-related technology companies since January 2006. Ciris Energy , Inc.,

Energy 225

Energy Li-ion Coal Low Cost 225

Green Car Congress

JUNE 4, 2021

TerraPower and PacifiCorp announced efforts to advance a Natrium reactor demonstration project at a retiring coal plant in Wyoming. Siting a Natrium advanced reactor at a retiring Wyoming coal plant could ensure that a formerly productive coal generation site continues to produce reliable power for our customers.

Wyoming 199

Wyoming Molten Salt Coal Sodium 199

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 15, 2010

While oil sands emissions have more than doubled from 1990 to 2006, the absolute increase in emissions from oil sands over the same period is less than the absolute increase in Canadian electric or transportation sector emissions, and far less than the increases in these sectors on a North American basis, they note. Bergerson and David W.

Oil-Sands 225

Oil-Sands Oil Emissions Coal 225

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 30, 2013

They used a lot more coal than they originally admitted to, several hundred million tons more. Another major shift is that China has become a voracious energy importer, especially of coal and liquefied natural gas. Like the United States, China has become among the world’s largest importers of oil, gas and coal.

Environment 210

Environment Energy Coal United States 210

Green Car Congress

MARCH 18, 2011

Argonne National Laboratory received R&D 100 Awards in 2002 and 2006 for developing the technology and has completed successful pilot tests. We started our RW-EDI technology partnership with Argonne by advancing the use of this technology to allow impaired water to be used as cooling water in coal-based power plants.

Coal 210

Coal Waste Water 2002 210

Green Car Congress

MARCH 26, 2009

China’s Yitai Group’s 160,000 tonne/year coal-to-liquids (CTL) plant in northern China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region has produced qualified diesel oil and naphtha in its trial run. Construction of this indirect coal liquefaction project started in 2006 with a combined investment of near 2.7

Mongolia 150

Mongolia China Diesel Coal 150

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 29, 2009

This initial version of ASTM D7566 provides criteria for the production, distribution and use of aviation turbine engine fuel produced from coal, natural gas or biomass using the Fischer-Tropsch process. The new standard was developed by Subcommittee D02.J0.06

Fuel 199

Fuel 2006 Alternative Fuels Coal 199

Green Car Congress

MARCH 27, 2012

Although emissions vary by plant and with the specific type of fuel, EPA provided illustrative examples of CO 2 emissions from EGUs: Conventional coal: 1,800 lbs CO 2 /MWh. Coal with carbon capture and storage (CCS): 200 lbs CO 2 /MWh. A company could build a coal?fired Natural Gas Combined Cycle: 820 lbs CO 2 /MWh. fired EGUs.

EPA 225

EPA Powered Power Future 225

Green Car Congress

APRIL 29, 2013

Tg CO 2 eq), after having increased by 43% from 1990 through 2006. Anthropogenic sources of CH 4 include natural gas and petroleum systems, agricultural activities, landfills, coal mining, wastewater treatment, stationary and mobile combustion, and certain industrial processes. In 2011, CH4 emissions from coal mining were 63.2

2007 285

2007 2011 EPA Gas 285

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 17, 2009

World production of fossil fuels—oil, coal, and natural gas—increased 2.9% Coal has led the growth in fossil fuel production. In 2000, coal provided 28% of the world’s fossil fuel energy production, compared with 45% for oil. By 2008, coal production represented a third of fossil energy production. in 2008 to reach 27.4

2008 150

2008 Oil-Sands Fuel Production 150

Green Car Congress

JULY 18, 2010

Researchers at the University of Colorado, Boulder and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) modeled the emissions impact had plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) replaced light duty gasoline vehicles in the Denver, Colorado area in summer 2006. million vehicles and would have increased by 3 tpd from power plants.

Denver 170

Denver Ozone PHEV Colorado 170

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 26, 2013

The comparison involved a 2011 Smith Newton electric truck powered by a 120 kW electric motor, and a 2006 Freightliner truck powered by a Cummins diesel engine. The comparison controlled for improvements in diesel efficiency between 2006 and 2011. The two trucks had approximately the same gross vehicle weight, curb weight and payload.

Georgia 268

Georgia Diesel Gas-Electric Electric 268

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 6, 2011

The technology smelts iron ore fines directly using non-coking coals, and provides environmental benefits over traditional ironmaking as it removes the need for coke ovens and sinter plants—both of which produce the majority of non-CO 2 emissions in ironmaking (including dioxins, furans and other carcinogens).

Power 199

Power Powered Australia Corporation 199

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 22, 2010

The new plan reflects this significant progress, and updates and expands upon previous editions of the Hydrogen Posture Plan, issued in 2006 and 2004. Well-to-wheels greenhouse gas emissions. Source: DOE. Click to enlarge. Improve the performance and reduce the cost of hydrogen storage systems.

Hydrogen 271

Hydrogen 2010 Fuel 2015 271

Cars That Think

MARCH 20, 2025

In 2006 and 2007, it was expanded to 14 GW with the addition of two more units, for a total of 20. To put 100 TWh into perspective, a power plant would need to burn approximately 50 million tonnes of coal to produce the same amount of energy, according to the U.S. Itaipu was designed for continuous expansion. gigawatts of capacity.

Paraguay 82

Paraguay Engine Brazil Energy 82

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 22, 2009

EU-27 emissions of all four pollutants were lower in 2007 than in 2006. Energy use by households (the burning of wood, gas, coal etc) is the most important source of PM 2.5 Heavy duty vehicles are the single most important source of NO x , while passenger cars are among the top 6 polluting sources for CO, NO x , PM 2.5

Pollution 236

Pollution Emissions Czech Republic United Kingdom 236

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 28, 2013

The world’s total energy consumption in 2006 was equivalent to a constant-use rate of 16 terawatts (TW); of that, an average rate of 6.7 Human energy consumption distributes energy that had lain dormant and sequestered for millions of years, mostly in the form of oil or coal.

Waste 262

Waste Miles Climate Change San Diego 262

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 20, 2009

Transportation sources accounted for approximately 40% of all GHG emissions in the US in 2006; medium- and heavy-duty vehicles (above 8,500 gross vehicle weight rating) represent about 22% of the transportation emissions, up from 15 percent in 1990, according to the EPA.

2017 281

2017 Fuel T600 Diesel 281

Green Car Congress

JULY 12, 2018

Under Assembly Bill 32 passed in 2006, California must reduce its emissions to 1990 levels (431 million metric tons) by 2020. Due to the carbon price signal created by the Cap-and-Trade Program that makes fossil fuel generation more expensive, cleaner out-of-state electricity is increasingly taking the place of fuels such as coal.

2004 225

2004 2016 Emissions California 225

Green Car Congress

MARCH 17, 2017

Synthetic fuels may be used for other practical applications such as cooking and domestic heating, potentially resulting in up to 100 times less particulate emissions than coal fired stoves. Greyrock synthetic fuels can also improve diesel vehicle economy and extend the life of diesel engines by providing superior lubricity.

Diesel 150

Diesel Los Angeles China Nevada 150

Green Car Congress

JUNE 1, 2016

This makes black liquor the fifth most important fuel in the world, next to coal, oil, natural gas, and gasoline. Since black liquor is derived from wood, it is the most important renewable bio-fuel, particularly in Sweden and Finland. One pathway that has been explored to produce biochemicals and fuels from black liquor is gasification.

Conversion 150

Conversion Diesel Green Sodium 150

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 3, 2010

The California LCFS calls for at least a 10% reduction from 2006 levels in the carbon intensity (measured in gCO 2 e/MJ) of California’s transportation fuels by 2020. The regulation also levies the calculation of Indirect Land Use Change (ILUC) effects against biofuels, against the opposition of the biofuels industry.( Earlier post.).

California 199

California Oil-Sands Oil 2005 199

Green Car Congress

MARCH 4, 2011

MPa enable the system to operate with very high thermal efficiency, exceeding even those of a large coal-generated power plant and nearly twice as efficient as that of a gasoline engine (about 25%). 2006) Development Of A Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Brayton Cycle: Improving VHTR Efficiency And Testing Material Compatibility.

Conversion 220

Conversion CO2 Gas-Electric 2010 220

Green Car Congress

JULY 8, 2015

CRI, founded in 2006 in Reykjavik, Iceland, is developing technology to produce renewable methanol from clean energy and recycled CO 2 emissions. Methanol can be produced from a range of renewable sources and fossil-fuel based feed-stocks; in practice methanol is mainly produced in coal-rich China from coal. Methanol in China.

Renewable 150

Renewable Carbon Water Fuel 150

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 22, 2017

Between 2006 and 2015, California’s GDP per capita grew by almost $5,000 per person, nearly double the growth experienced by the US as a whole. Job growth between 2006 and 2015 in California outpaced rates experienced prior to 2006, and outpaced total US employment gains by 27%. below their 2006 levels. from 2014.

California 150

California Emissions Light Climate 150

Baua Electric

MAY 1, 2023

Surging prices for coal last year have led to some new coal mines ramping up after the war in Ukraine exacerbated a supply shortage brought on by growing reluctance from climate conscious investors to funding new fossil fuel projects. In March it had said it expected to restart in the second half of 2023.

Coal 40

Coal Supplies Auto Ukraine 40

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 9, 2016

The reduction of 6 billion cubic feet (Bcf) was the first summertime drawdown since 2006. The US is and has been in the midst of an epochal transition from coal-fired electricity to natural gas and renewables, a switch that will take many more years to play out. Natural gas consumption patterns are much more seasonal than for oil.

Gas 150

Gas Price Gas-Electric Oil 150

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 5, 2012

An industrial capital expenditure and fuel price adjustment for coal and residual fuel has been applied to reflect risk perception about the use of those fuels relative to natural gas.

Fuel 225

Fuel Energy 2013 Hybrid 225

Green Car Congress

JULY 18, 2011

Initial areas of application for the Materials Genome are in energy storage, photovoltaics and photocatalysis, thermoelectrics, and mercury adsorption from high temperature coal gasification. For the paper on phosphates, Ceder and his group obtained their set of known compounds from the 2006 ICSD database. Earlier post.)

Li-ion 220

Li-ion MIT Ni-Li Obama 220

Plug In Partners

FEBRUARY 3, 2006

24, 2006 One week from today, President Bush has an opportunity to make a truly historically significant State of the Union address. We have diversified sources to meet many of our energy needs (for example, coal, nuclear power, hydroelectric and biomass). Here is a piece he wrote a week before the State of the Union. Gaffney, Jr.

America 100

America Saudi Arabia Austin Iran 100

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 28, 2009

cell and stack (2005-2006) achieved a power density of 40 mW cm -2 by direct JP-8 conversion to electricity. Liquid Tin Anode Fuel Cell Direct Coal Power Generation (10 th Annual SECA Workshop). cells/stack, used in this study, have a 4 times reduction in weight and volume over Gen 3.0. .; Slaney, M. Bentley, J.

Bentley 150

Bentley Fuel Connecticut Conversion 150

Green Car Congress

MARCH 6, 2010

coal-fired power plants) would either be required by the emissions cap. Methane (CH 4 ) emissions from landfills, livestock operations, or coal mines (GWP = 25). Although Congress could address GHG emissions with alternative policies—e.g., Emission reductions from regulated sources (e.g., Transaction Costs.

Climate Change 218

Climate Change Climate Emissions 2008 218