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Enbridge says it operates the largest, longest, and most complex petroleum pipeline system in the world: approximately 25,420 kilometers (15,795 miles) of pipe delivers an average of more than 2.2-million barrels per day of crude oil and liquids. Canada Oil sands MORE
Hydrogen is necessary in the upgrading of oil sands bitumen into synthetic crude, but it is a costly and carbon-intensive part of the process, given current hydrogen production technologies. Canada Fuels Hydrogen Production Oil Oil sandsFlowchart of the MSG process. MORE
The report provides nine different Tailings Technology Deployment (TDD) Roadmaps to accelerate the implementation of oil sands tailings solutions in Alberta. sand and clay. For the project, Alberta oil sands operators—Suncor Energy, Syncrude Canada Ltd., MORE
Bitumen production from the Canadian oil sands provides a point of reference that could be used to observe and better manage the land and water impacts of a rapid transition to unconventional fuels, suggests Dr. Sarah Jordaan of the Energy Technology Innovation Policy Research Group, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University. The production of bitumen, the hydrocarbon mixed in the sand, has grown from 0.7 Land use Oil sands Sustainability Water MORE
received approval from the Alberta Energy Regulator (AER) for its 100%-owned Grand Rapids thermal oil sands project. Cenovus continues to assess other oil sands opportunities within its portfolio for future development. is a Canadian integrated oil company. MORE
Oil sands supply chain. The report argues that oil sands production delivers both energy security benefits and climate change damages, but warns that both are often overstated. “ Oil sands exploitation will not fundamentally change the global oil picture. MORE
Average values for WTW GHG emissions for oil sands and other crudes, tight boundary. However, the majority of the difference was due to increases in the estimate for GHG intensity of some oil sands extraction methods, such as SAGD dilbit, mining SCO and CSS dilbit. MORE
Summary of the current oil sands developments (mining and in-situ) and associated land use. Canada’s Environment Minister Peter Kent released an integrated monitoring plan for the oil sands region. ” —An Integrated Oil Sands Environment Monitoring Plan. MORE
Results from a new modeling assessment of contamination in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region (AOSR) suggest that officially reported emissions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in that region have been greatly underestimated. Emissions Oil sands MORE
The provincial government of Alberta and the federal government of Canada will invest C$865 million (US$822 million) in a large-scale Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) project in the Athabasca oil sands. Tags: Canada Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) Oil sands MORE
Royal Dutch Shell plc will not continue construction of the 80,000 barrel per day Carmon Creek thermal in situ oil sands project located in Alberta, Canada. This decision reflects current uncertainties, including the lack of infrastructure to move Canadian crude oil to global commodity markets. MORE
Researchers at the University of Alberta (Canada) have quantified the transformation of the boreal landscape by open-pit oil sands mining in Alberta, Canada to evaluate its effect on carbon storage and sequestration. Oil sands deposits accessible by open-pit surface mining (as opposed to deeper deposits produced via thermal in-situ methods) cover about 475,000 ha of boreal Alberta, 99% of which is already leased. LCFS Lifecycle analysis Oil sands MORE
Alabama and Mississippi are forming a partnership to further study the oil sands resources in the two states, Alabama Governor Robert Bentley and Mississippi Governor Phil Bryant announced on Saturday while speaking to the Southern States Energy Board. MORE
A study by a team from the State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum found that fluid thermal processing of. il sands is a feasible process for the production of an upgraded bitumen-derived liquid from Inner Mongolian oil sand. Oil sands exploration in Xing’an region. Israel’s Brack Capital Energy (BCE) is exploring for oil sands reserves in the Xing’an region of Inner Mongolia. MORE
A team at the University of Calgary (Canada) has compared the energy intensities and lifecycle GHG emissions of unconventional oils (oil sands and oil shale) alongside shale gas, coal, lignite, wood and conventional oil and gas. MORE
Suncor is targeting 1 million barrels per day output in 2020, with its growth in the oil sands underpinned by its alliance with Total. Approximately 80% of that production will be from the oil sands. Total in the oil sands. Canada Oil sands MORE
Proposed oil sands monitoring by 2015. The program is designed to provide an improved understanding of the long-term cumulative effects of oil sands development. A key consideration related to the development of the oil sands is that of habitat disturbance. MORE
Japex) will proceed with an expansion of its oil sands project in the Hangingstone area in Alberta. Japan Canada Oil Sands Ltd. Japan Petroleum Exploration Co, Ltd. Total costs for the initial development are anticipated to be around C$1.4 billion (US$1.42 billion), C$1.1 MORE
The Government of Canada is supporting a three-year project that will result in the construction of a $19-million, demonstration-scale facility in Alberta that will use algae to recycle industrial carbon dioxide emissions from an oil sands facility into commercial products such as biofuels. The demonstration-scale algal biorefinery will be established at Canadian Natural’s Primrose South oil sands site, near Bonnyville, Alberta. MORE
Statoil will postpone the previously planned Corner field development at the Kai Kos Dehseh (KKD) oil sands project in Alberta, Canada, for a minimum of three years, due in part to rising labor and materials costs and market access issues including limited pipeline access. MORE
TransCanada Corporation said that its 590,000 barrel-per-day (bpd) capacity Keystone Pipeline system resumed transporting oil sands crude on Sunday, 5 June, after a shutdown 29 May following an above-ground spill at a pump station in Kansas involving less than 10 barrels of oil. MORE
Twelve of Canada’s oil sands producers have formed a new alliance, Canada’s Oil Sands Innovation Alliance (COSIA), focused on accelerating the pace of improving environmental performance in Canada’s oil sands through collaborative action and innovation. Tailings are the rock, sand, clay and water byproducts of surface mining, and are currently held in large tailing ponds. Imperial Oil. Canada Oil sands MORE
Brandt considers factors affecting energy consumption and GHG emissions from oil sands extraction, and then uses publicly available data to analyze the assumptions made in the LCA models to better understand the causes of variability in emissions estimates. Lifecycle analysis Oil sand MORE
Well-to-wheel (WTW) greenhouse gas emissions for in situ SAGD and surface mining pathways generated employing GHOST/TIAX/ GHGenius combination and comparison with SAGD, mining and conventional crude oil literature pathways (all results are on a HHV basis). MORE
The carbon intensity (CI) of Alberta oil sands production has significantly decreased over the last 40 years, according to a new study by a team from Stanford University published as an open access paper in the journal Environmental Research Letters. Canada Lifecycle analysis Oil sand MORE
The carbon capture process at the Scotford oil sands upgrader will capture about 35% of emissions. miles) underground into the deepest saline aquifer formation in Alberta (the Basal Cambrian Sands) beneath several layers of impermeable rock. MORE
Canadian researchers have developed a large-scale economical method to extract hydrogen from oil sands (natural bitumen) and oil fields. The process can extract hydrogen from existing oil sands reservoirs, with huge existing supplies found in Canada and Venezuela. MORE
Alberta’s oil sands operations accounted for 28.8% From 2005 to 2016, natural gas purchased by oil sands projects more than tripled, from 0.73 Additionally, natural gas is used in oil sands mining to heat water to separate bitumen from sand. MORE
Alberta Innovates has teamed up with Natural Resources (NRCan) and industry partners to take three clean oil sands technologies to commercial demonstration. This announcement is a result of NRCan’s Oil and Gas Clean Tech Program. Canada Emissions Oil sands MORE
Royal Dutch Shell plc announced the completion of two previously announced agreements by Shell Canada Energy, Shell Canada Limited and Shell Canada Resources (Shell) that will see Shell sell all its in-situ and undeveloped oil sands interests in Canada and reduce its share in the Athabasca Oil Sands Project (AOSP) from 60% to 10%. Canada Oil sands MORE
Using activated amine (ADIP-X), Quest will capture one-third of the CO 2 emissions from Shell’s Scotford Upgrader, which turns oil sands bitumen into synthetic crude that can be refined into fuel and other products. Te Storage zone is a formation called Basal Cambrian Sands (BCS). MORE
Lab tests conducted by PetroChina of oil sands samples obtained in Yousha Mountains at Qaidam basin in northwest China determined that the resource is proven economically feasible for further exploration and development. According to the company-run China Petroleum Daily newspaper earlier in the week, the oil sands samples are proven with an average bitumen content of 5.2% MORE
The Alberta Biodiversity Monitoring Institute (ABMI) released the first comprehensive report on the status of Alberta’s species in the Athabasca Oil Sands Area (AOSA). —“The Status of Biodiversity in the Athabasca Oil Sands Area”. Canada Oil sands MORE
will twin the southern section of its Athabasca Pipeline from the Kirby Lake, Alberta terminal to the Hardisty, Alberta crude oil hub at an estimated cost of approximately C$1.2 Infrastructure Oil sandsEnbridge liquid pipelines with Athabasca twinning project shown. MORE
Canadian oil sands production is set to enter a period of slower annual production growth compared to previous years. IHS Markit not only expects the growth profile for oil sands to be different in the coming decade but the drivers of growth will also be fundamentally different. MORE
Researchers at the University of Calgary are developing ultra-dispersed (UD) nanocatalysts for the in situ upgrading of heavy oil and bitumen from deep reservoirs. underground, without mining—thermal recovery of bitumen and heavy oil: steam injection and combustion. MORE
Plot of cumulative steam-to-oil ratio (cSOR) vs. ratio of energy produced in form of chemical energy contained in bitumen if combusted to energy injected in form of steam (75% efficient steam generation). Emissions Oil sands MORE
The US Bureau of Land Management (BLM) has published the Notice of Availability (NOA) of the Draft Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement (PEIS) and Possible Land Use Amendments for Allocation of Oil Shale and Tar Sands Resources on Lands Administered by the BLM in Colorado, Utah and Wyoming. In addition, 91,045 acres in eastern Utah would be available for activities related to oil sands. or oil sands development. for commercial tar sands leasing. MORE
CNOOC Limited—China’s largest producer of offshore crude oil and natural gas and one of the largest independent oil and gas exploration and production companies in the world—is acquiring all of the Common Shares of Canada-based energy company Nexen Inc. Nexen is focused on three core businesses: conventional offshore oil and gas; oil sands; and shale gas: Conventional oil and gas. It is the second-largest oil producer in the UK North Sea. MORE
Canada’s Environment Minister Peter Kent, and Alberta’s Environment and Sustainable Resource Development Minister Diana McQueen toured several of the new oil sands monitoring stations now in place in the early stages of implementation of the Joint Canada-Alberta Implementation Plan for Oil Sands Monitoring. The program is designed to provide an improved understanding of the long-term cumulative effects of oil sands development. MORE
American Sands Energy Corp., an oil sands exploration and development company operating in the state of Utah, announced the successful operation of its oil sand recovery pilot facility. Approximately 80 tons of the company’s oil sands were shipped to the facility, which has been able to run at its designed rate of up to two tons per hour, generating consistent flows of oil and clean, dry sand over multiple, consecutive days of operation. MORE
In a new, comprehensive study, a team from Argonne National Laboratory, Stanford University and UC Davis ITS has estimated the well-to-wheels (WTW) GHG emissions of US production of gasoline and diesel sourced from Canadian oil sands. g CO 2 e/MJ for US conventional crude oil recovery. MORE
The width of the pipeline network (green lines) is proportional to CO 2 flow; the largest CO 2 flow is approximately 36 MtCO 2 / yr for the $155/tCO 2 scenario (pipeline leaving the Athabasca oil sands area). Two researchers from Los Alamos National Laboratory and Stanford University have developed an integrated framework that simultaneously considers economic and engineering decisions for the capture, transport, and storage of oil sands CO 2 emissions (CCS). MORE
an innovator in the field of enzyme-enabled carbon capture technology, announced that it has exceeded the second set of technical performance milestones for its oil sands project. Canada-based CO 2 Solutions Inc., MORE
Oil-Sands Related Topics Green Car Congress
AUGUST 20, 2019
Canadian researchers have developed a large-scale economical method to extract hydrogen from oil sands (natural bitumen) and oil fields. The process can extract hydrogen from existing oil sands reservoirs, with huge existing supplies found in Canada and Venezuela.
Green Car Congress
JUNE 6, 2019
Canadian oil sands production is set to enter a period of slower annual production growth compared to previous years. IHS Markit not only expects the growth profile for oil sands to be different in the coming decade but the drivers of growth will also be fundamentally different.
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Green Car Congress
JUNE 26, 2015
In a new, comprehensive study, a team from Argonne National Laboratory, Stanford University and UC Davis ITS has estimated the well-to-wheels (WTW) GHG emissions of US production of gasoline and diesel sourced from Canadian oil sands. g CO 2 e/MJ for US conventional crude oil recovery.
Green Car Congress
NOVEMBER 8, 2015
Using activated amine (ADIP-X), Quest will capture one-third of the CO 2 emissions from Shell’s Scotford Upgrader, which turns oil sands bitumen into synthetic crude that can be refined into fuel and other products. Te Storage zone is a formation called Basal Cambrian Sands (BCS).
Green Car Congress
JULY 7, 2012
Well-to-wheel (WTW) greenhouse gas emissions for in situ SAGD and surface mining pathways generated employing GHOST/TIAX/ GHGenius combination and comparison with SAGD, mining and conventional crude oil literature pathways (all results are on a HHV basis).
Green Car Congress
MAY 12, 2017
Alberta Innovates has teamed up with Natural Resources (NRCan) and industry partners to take three clean oil sands technologies to commercial demonstration. This announcement is a result of NRCan’s Oil and Gas Clean Tech Program. Canada Emissions Oil sands
Green Car Congress
AUGUST 23, 2014
Enbridge says it operates the largest, longest, and most complex petroleum pipeline system in the world: approximately 25,420 kilometers (15,795 miles) of pipe delivers an average of more than 2.2-million barrels per day of crude oil and liquids. Canada Oil sands
Green Car Congress
JULY 10, 2015
A team at the University of Calgary (Canada) has compared the energy intensities and lifecycle GHG emissions of unconventional oils (oil sands and oil shale) alongside shale gas, coal, lignite, wood and conventional oil and gas.
Green Car Congress
FEBRUARY 3, 2012
Proposed oil sands monitoring by 2015. The program is designed to provide an improved understanding of the long-term cumulative effects of oil sands development. A key consideration related to the development of the oil sands is that of habitat disturbance.
Green Car Congress
DECEMBER 6, 2013
The Alberta Biodiversity Monitoring Institute (ABMI) released the first comprehensive report on the status of Alberta’s species in the Athabasca Oil Sands Area (AOSA). —“The Status of Biodiversity in the Athabasca Oil Sands Area”. Canada Oil sands
Green Car Congress
JULY 28, 2013
Alabama and Mississippi are forming a partnership to further study the oil sands resources in the two states, Alabama Governor Robert Bentley and Mississippi Governor Phil Bryant announced on Saturday while speaking to the Southern States Energy Board.
Green Car Congress
JULY 22, 2011
Summary of the current oil sands developments (mining and in-situ) and associated land use. Canada’s Environment Minister Peter Kent released an integrated monitoring plan for the oil sands region. ” —An Integrated Oil Sands Environment Monitoring Plan.
Green Car Congress
FEBRUARY 4, 2014
Results from a new modeling assessment of contamination in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region (AOSR) suggest that officially reported emissions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in that region have been greatly underestimated. Emissions Oil sands
Green Car Congress
NOVEMBER 15, 2012
Average values for WTW GHG emissions for oil sands and other crudes, tight boundary. However, the majority of the difference was due to increases in the estimate for GHG intensity of some oil sands extraction methods, such as SAGD dilbit, mining SCO and CSS dilbit.
Green Car Congress
OCTOBER 19, 2013
Plot of cumulative steam-to-oil ratio (cSOR) vs. ratio of energy produced in form of chemical energy contained in bitumen if combusted to energy injected in form of steam (75% efficient steam generation). Emissions Oil sands
Green Car Congress
MARCH 2, 2012
Twelve of Canada’s oil sands producers have formed a new alliance, Canada’s Oil Sands Innovation Alliance (COSIA), focused on accelerating the pace of improving environmental performance in Canada’s oil sands through collaborative action and innovation. Tailings are the rock, sand, clay and water byproducts of surface mining, and are currently held in large tailing ponds. Imperial Oil. Canada Oil sands
Green Car Congress
MARCH 25, 2013
Researchers at the University of Calgary are developing ultra-dispersed (UD) nanocatalysts for the in situ upgrading of heavy oil and bitumen from deep reservoirs. underground, without mining—thermal recovery of bitumen and heavy oil: steam injection and combustion.
Green Car Congress
JANUARY 6, 2012
Brandt considers factors affecting energy consumption and GHG emissions from oil sands extraction, and then uses publicly available data to analyze the assumptions made in the LCA models to better understand the causes of variability in emissions estimates. Lifecycle analysis Oil sand
Green Car Congress
AUGUST 29, 2012
The report provides nine different Tailings Technology Deployment (TDD) Roadmaps to accelerate the implementation of oil sands tailings solutions in Alberta. sand and clay. For the project, Alberta oil sands operators—Suncor Energy, Syncrude Canada Ltd.,
Green Car Congress
JULY 23, 2012
CNOOC Limited—China’s largest producer of offshore crude oil and natural gas and one of the largest independent oil and gas exploration and production companies in the world—is acquiring all of the Common Shares of Canada-based energy company Nexen Inc. Nexen is focused on three core businesses: conventional offshore oil and gas; oil sands; and shale gas: Conventional oil and gas. It is the second-largest oil producer in the UK North Sea.
Green Car Congress
SEPTEMBER 13, 2011
will twin the southern section of its Athabasca Pipeline from the Kirby Lake, Alberta terminal to the Hardisty, Alberta crude oil hub at an estimated cost of approximately C$1.2 Infrastructure Oil sandsEnbridge liquid pipelines with Athabasca twinning project shown.
Green Car Congress
MARCH 13, 2012
Researchers at the University of Alberta (Canada) have quantified the transformation of the boreal landscape by open-pit oil sands mining in Alberta, Canada to evaluate its effect on carbon storage and sequestration. Oil sands deposits accessible by open-pit surface mining (as opposed to deeper deposits produced via thermal in-situ methods) cover about 475,000 ha of boreal Alberta, 99% of which is already leased. LCFS Lifecycle analysis Oil sands
Green Car Congress
AUGUST 14, 2010
Lab tests conducted by PetroChina of oil sands samples obtained in Yousha Mountains at Qaidam basin in northwest China determined that the resource is proven economically feasible for further exploration and development. According to the company-run China Petroleum Daily newspaper earlier in the week, the oil sands samples are proven with an average bitumen content of 5.2%
Green Car Congress
APRIL 24, 2017
Alberta’s oil sands operations accounted for 28.8% From 2005 to 2016, natural gas purchased by oil sands projects more than tripled, from 0.73 Additionally, natural gas is used in oil sands mining to heat water to separate bitumen from sand.
Green Car Congress
NOVEMBER 21, 2013
The carbon intensity (CI) of Alberta oil sands production has significantly decreased over the last 40 years, according to a new study by a team from Stanford University published as an open access paper in the journal Environmental Research Letters. Canada Lifecycle analysis Oil sand
Green Car Congress
JUNE 25, 2011
The carbon capture process at the Scotford oil sands upgrader will capture about 35% of emissions. miles) underground into the deepest saline aquifer formation in Alberta (the Basal Cambrian Sands) beneath several layers of impermeable rock.
Green Car Congress
JULY 17, 2011
A study by a team from the State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum found that fluid thermal processing of. il sands is a feasible process for the production of an upgraded bitumen-derived liquid from Inner Mongolian oil sand. Oil sands exploration in Xing’an region. Israel’s Brack Capital Energy (BCE) is exploring for oil sands reserves in the Xing’an region of Inner Mongolia.
Green Car Congress
MAY 19, 2013
The Government of Canada is supporting a three-year project that will result in the construction of a $19-million, demonstration-scale facility in Alberta that will use algae to recycle industrial carbon dioxide emissions from an oil sands facility into commercial products such as biofuels. The demonstration-scale algal biorefinery will be established at Canadian Natural’s Primrose South oil sands site, near Bonnyville, Alberta.
Green Car Congress
JUNE 6, 2011
TransCanada Corporation said that its 590,000 barrel-per-day (bpd) capacity Keystone Pipeline system resumed transporting oil sands crude on Sunday, 5 June, after a shutdown 29 May following an above-ground spill at a pump station in Kansas involving less than 10 barrels of oil.
Green Car Congress
JANUARY 28, 2013
The width of the pipeline network (green lines) is proportional to CO 2 flow; the largest CO 2 flow is approximately 36 MtCO 2 / yr for the $155/tCO 2 scenario (pipeline leaving the Athabasca oil sands area). Two researchers from Los Alamos National Laboratory and Stanford University have developed an integrated framework that simultaneously considers economic and engineering decisions for the capture, transport, and storage of oil sands CO 2 emissions (CCS).
Green Car Congress
DECEMBER 14, 2012
Japex) will proceed with an expansion of its oil sands project in the Hangingstone area in Alberta. Japan Canada Oil Sands Ltd. Japan Petroleum Exploration Co, Ltd. Total costs for the initial development are anticipated to be around C$1.4 billion (US$1.42 billion), C$1.1
Green Car Congress
FEBRUARY 16, 2013
Hydrogen is necessary in the upgrading of oil sands bitumen into synthetic crude, but it is a costly and carbon-intensive part of the process, given current hydrogen production technologies. Canada Fuels Hydrogen Production Oil Oil sandsFlowchart of the MSG process.
Green Car Congress
SEPTEMBER 27, 2014
Statoil will postpone the previously planned Corner field development at the Kai Kos Dehseh (KKD) oil sands project in Alberta, Canada, for a minimum of three years, due in part to rising labor and materials costs and market access issues including limited pipeline access.
Green Car Congress
DECEMBER 19, 2010
Suncor is targeting 1 million barrels per day output in 2020, with its growth in the oil sands underpinned by its alliance with Total. Approximately 80% of that production will be from the oil sands. Total in the oil sands. Canada Oil sands
Green Car Congress
OCTOBER 28, 2015
Royal Dutch Shell plc will not continue construction of the 80,000 barrel per day Carmon Creek thermal in situ oil sands project located in Alberta, Canada. This decision reflects current uncertainties, including the lack of infrastructure to move Canadian crude oil to global commodity markets.
Green Car Congress
FEBRUARY 4, 2012
The US Bureau of Land Management (BLM) has published the Notice of Availability (NOA) of the Draft Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement (PEIS) and Possible Land Use Amendments for Allocation of Oil Shale and Tar Sands Resources on Lands Administered by the BLM in Colorado, Utah and Wyoming. In addition, 91,045 acres in eastern Utah would be available for activities related to oil sands. or oil sands development. for commercial tar sands leasing.
Green Car Congress
MAY 24, 2009
Oil sands supply chain. The report argues that oil sands production delivers both energy security benefits and climate change damages, but warns that both are often overstated. “ Oil sands exploitation will not fundamentally change the global oil picture.
Green Car Congress
MARCH 21, 2014
received approval from the Alberta Energy Regulator (AER) for its 100%-owned Grand Rapids thermal oil sands project. Cenovus continues to assess other oil sands opportunities within its portfolio for future development. is a Canadian integrated oil company.
Green Car Congress
JULY 25, 2012
American Sands Energy Corp., an oil sands exploration and development company operating in the state of Utah, announced the successful operation of its oil sand recovery pilot facility. Approximately 80 tons of the company’s oil sands were shipped to the facility, which has been able to run at its designed rate of up to two tons per hour, generating consistent flows of oil and clean, dry sand over multiple, consecutive days of operation.
Green Car Congress
APRIL 13, 2014
an innovator in the field of enzyme-enabled carbon capture technology, announced that it has exceeded the second set of technical performance milestones for its oil sands project. Canada-based CO 2 Solutions Inc.,
Green Car Congress
OCTOBER 8, 2009
The provincial government of Alberta and the federal government of Canada will invest C$865 million (US$822 million) in a large-scale Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) project in the Athabasca oil sands. Tags: Canada Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) Oil sands
Green Car Congress
JULY 18, 2012
Canada’s Environment Minister Peter Kent, and Alberta’s Environment and Sustainable Resource Development Minister Diana McQueen toured several of the new oil sands monitoring stations now in place in the early stages of implementation of the Joint Canada-Alberta Implementation Plan for Oil Sands Monitoring. The program is designed to provide an improved understanding of the long-term cumulative effects of oil sands development.
Green Car Congress
MARCH 18, 2012
Bitumen production from the Canadian oil sands provides a point of reference that could be used to observe and better manage the land and water impacts of a rapid transition to unconventional fuels, suggests Dr. Sarah Jordaan of the Energy Technology Innovation Policy Research Group, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University. The production of bitumen, the hydrocarbon mixed in the sand, has grown from 0.7 Land use Oil sands Sustainability Water
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