Green Car Congress

AUGUST 3, 2010

A comparison of estimates of the energy return on investment (EROI) at the wellhead for conventional crude oil, or for crude product prior to refining for oil shale. Oil shale” is shale containing kerogen, a combination of chemical compounds that can be converted into synthetic petroleum. Source: Cleveland and O’Connor.

Oil 199

Oil Cleveland Carbon Boston 199

Green Car Congress

JULY 7, 2012

Well-to-wheel (WTW) greenhouse gas emissions for in situ SAGD and surface mining pathways generated employing GHOST/TIAX/ GHGenius combination and comparison with SAGD, mining and conventional crude oil literature pathways (all results are on a HHV basis). 74% of WTW emissions in our oil sands pathways. Click to enlarge.

Oil-Sands 287

Oil-Sands Oil Gas-Electric Emissions 287

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 24, 2016

A paper by a team from the University of Chicago and MIT suggests that technology-driven cost reductions in fossil fuels will lead to the continued use of fossil fuels—oil, gas, and coal—unless governments pass new taxes on carbon emissions. for oil, 24% for coal, and 20% for natural gas.

Chicago 150

Chicago MIT Tax Carbon 150

Green Car Congress

MARCH 20, 2014

Comparison plot showing mass fractions (F m ) of chemically characterized components of lubricating oils and POA. Motor vehicles are major sources of organic carbon emissions, with implications for human health and air quality, especially in urban areas. Credit: ACS, Worton et al. Click to enlarge. Earlier post.) Earlier post.)

Oil 207

Oil Gasoline Diesel Vehicles 207

Green Car Congress

JULY 10, 2015

A team at the University of Calgary (Canada) has compared the energy intensities and lifecycle GHG emissions of unconventional oils (oil sands and oil shale) alongside shale gas, coal, lignite, wood and conventional oil and gas. This is not the same as crude oil occurring naturally in shales, as in the Bakken.

Oil-Sands 150

Oil-Sands Oil Energy Fuel 150

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 18, 2013

Researchers at the University of Regina, Saskatchewan are proposing a new enhanced heavy oil recovery (EHOR) process: Cyclic Production with Continuous Solvent Injection (CPCSI). A paper on their work is published in the journal Fuel ; the team had earlier presented their work at 2013 SPE Heavy Oil Conference in Calgary in June.

Oil 199

Oil Canada 2007 Water 199

Green Car Congress

MARCH 25, 2014

Comparison of power loss and fuel consumption among BD, HVO and iso-HVO. For the study, the biodiesel (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester) consisted of a mixture of 80% palm-based methyl ester (PME) and 20% biodiesel derived from waste cooking oil—a typical blending ratio of commercial biodiesel in Korea. Source: Kim et al. Click to enlarge.

Diesel 246

Diesel Oil Engine Fuel 246

Green Car Congress

JUNE 26, 2015

In a new, comprehensive study, a team from Argonne National Laboratory, Stanford University and UC Davis ITS has estimated the well-to-wheels (WTW) GHG emissions of US production of gasoline and diesel sourced from Canadian oil sands. g CO 2 e/MJ for US conventional crude oil recovery. This range can be compared to ∼4.4

Oil-Sands 150

Oil-Sands Oil Gasoline Emissions 150

Green Car Congress

JULY 8, 2012

A new black carbon (BC) emissions inventory from China found BC emissions levels in 2007 of 1,957 Gg BC—higher than reported in earlier studies. The paper by researchers from Peking University and Environment Canada appears in the ACS journal Environmental Science & Technology. Major emission areas are marked. Click to enlarge.

2007 271

2007 Carbon China Emissions 271

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 16, 2011

Researchers at the University of Bradford (UK) are proposing a method for increasing the yield of middle distillates (such as car fuel, jet fuel, and diesel fuel) from the refinery by applying catalytic hydrotreating (HDT) to the full crude oil, rather than the now common application of hydrotreating processes to oil fractions a (i.e.,

Oil 210

Oil Hydrogen Light Fuel 210

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 18, 2015

As reported in a paper in Plant Biotechnology Journal , this successful metabolic engineering and subsequent field production of the modified camelina crop marked the highest accumulation of the unusual oil achieved so far in transgenic plants. Comparison of typical plant triacylglycerol structure with acetyl-triacylglycerol.

Oil 150

Oil Industrial Industry Nebraska 150

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 26, 2010

Pyrolysis bio-oils are produced by the thermal decomposition of biomass by heating in the absence of oxygen at more than 500 °C; fast pyrolysis of biomass is much less expensive than biomass conversion technologies based on gasification or fermentation processes. Solid arrows: Pyrolysis oil is directly passed over the zeolite catalyst.

Oil 225

Oil Convert Hydrogen Fuel 225

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 25, 2009

Converting oil shale to gasoline via the Alberta Taciuk Processor (ATP)—an above-ground shale retort—results in fuel-cycle greenhouse gas emissions of ~130-150 g CO 2 equivalent/MJ of gasoline produced, according to a new analysis by Dr. Adam Brandt at Stanford University. Mbbl of shale oil from 2.7 Mbbl of shale oil from 2.7

Gasoline 239

Gasoline Oil Emissions Convert 239

Green Car Congress

APRIL 9, 2019

A study by a team from North Carolina State University, with colleagues from the Urban Air Initiative and 3DATX Corporation, has shown that non-FFVs (flexible-fuel vehicles) can adapt to a mid-level ethanol blend—specifically E27. The study was commissioned by the Urban Air Initiative. — Yuan et al. Weichang Yuan, H.

Vehicles 284

Vehicles Emissions North Carolina Gasoline 284

Green Car Congress

JULY 27, 2022

Although the current 10-fold price spike of lithium is giving the electric vehicle market a sharp short-term shock, a study by a team from Tsinghua University indicates that it will not hinder transportation electrification in the long run. In comparison, only 40% of global oil supply clusters in the top 3 producing countries.

Price 199

Price Supplies Nickel Lithium Sodium 199

Green Car Congress

MARCH 9, 2016

Rice University researchers have determined a more effective way to use natural gas to reduce climate-warming emissions would be in the replacement of existing coal-fired power plants and fuel-oil furnaces rather than burning it in cars and buses. Graphic by Tanyia Johnson/Rice University. Click to enlarge.

Gas-Electric 150

Gas-Electric Gas Transportation Coal 150

Green Car Congress

JULY 3, 2015

An 80% reduction in US greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 2050 has been generally established as the de facto required domestic contribution to stabilizing global concentrations at low to medium levels, that is, 450 and 550 ppm carbon dioxide equivalent (CO 2 -equiv).

Carbon 150

Carbon EPRI Climate Gasoline-Electric 150

Cars That Think

JULY 29, 2023

Those black arts have now yielded to the latest analytical instruments, as described in the Publications of the National Academy of Scientists by a group led by Khachatur Manukyan, a research associate professor at the Nuclear Science Laboratory of the University of Notre Dame.

Pennsylvania 84

Pennsylvania Austria Escape Universal 84

Cars That Think

JANUARY 20, 2024

The shipping industry has been trying to cut its carbon emissions for years, and with little to show for it. Nearly all of the world’s ship fleet still runs on diesel fuel, with about a quarter of new ships on order being built to run on somewhat lower-carbon alternatives like liquefied natural gas, methanol, or hybrid propulsion.

Molten Salt 143

Molten Salt Mariner South Korea Water 143

Green Car Congress

JUNE 28, 2009

Researchers at Tsinghua University in China have shown that sugarcane juice is a good feedstock for biodiesel production, when used to support the growth of the alga Chlorella protothecoides by heterotrophic fermentation. Conversion ratios of sugar/biomass and sugar/oil using SCH were 15.2 The highest oil content was 53.0%

Juice 236

Juice Oil Conversion Carbon 236

Plug In India

MARCH 15, 2023

Team PluginIndia The Lithium mining FUD (Fear, Uncertainty, Doubt) created by some paid media organizations and random YouTube channels is so bad, that many people read headlines of such articles and assume that Lithium mining is the worst thing in the world and is worse than extracting and refining 10,000 liters of oil used by an average ICE car.

Chile 59

Chile Petrol Li-ion India 59

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 3, 2016

Researchers at Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, have developed a highly efficient homogeneous Ru-based catalyst system for the production of methanol (CH 3 OH) from CO 2 and H 2 in an ethereal solvent (initial turnover frequency = 70 h −1 at 145 °C). The work, led by G.K.

Convert 150

Convert CO2 Conversion 2000 150

Green Car Congress

APRIL 3, 2012

Researchers from the University of Hong Kong and The Hong Kong Polytechnic University have demonstrated that the over-expression of AtPAP2 (purple acid phosphatase 2) in camelina, an oil seed plant used for biofuel feedstock, leads to faster plant growth and higher seed yield. —Zhang et al.

Engine 210

Engine Universal 2012 Oil 210

Green Car Congress

MAY 1, 2013

Researchers at the University of Wyoming Carbon Management Institute (CMI) discovered a major new lithium resource near Rock Springs during a geological carbon dioxide storage site characterization project sponsored by the US Department of Energy. By comparison, the lithium reserves at Silver Peak, Nev.—the

Wyoming 246

Wyoming CO2 Production Sodium 246

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 2, 2014

Researchers from Michigan State University and Ford Motor Company''s Research and Advanced Engineering Group recently tested 12 potential biofuel compounds containing oxygen in different functional groups in mixtures with three diesel fuels and one jet fuel to determine the effects of the functional groups on low-temperature fuel properties.

Diesel 199

Diesel Ford Fuel Plug-in 199

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 25, 2013

John DeCicco at the University of Michigan argues that to reduce transportation sector greenhouse gas emissions, the proper policy focus should be upstream in sectors that provide the fuel, rather than downstream on the choice of fuels in the automobile. CO 2 enhanced oil recovery). In a new working paper, Prof.

Fuel 236

Fuel Supplies Transportation Climate Protection 236

Green Car Congress

MARCH 16, 2012

The singular emphasis on energy balance and the carbon footprint neglects numerous other impacts associated with biofuels production including those related to irrigation, fertilizer application, and pesticide use for feedstock growth. This study highlighted the environmental impacts of corn ethanol in comparison with gasoline.

Gasoline 357

Gasoline Water Emissions Minnesota 357

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 13, 2013

a joint venture between Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and the University of Maryland. We find that reductions of methane and black carbon would likely have only a modest impact on near-term global climate warming. Carbon dioxide can remain for 1,000-plus years. degrees to a high of 0.35 —Steven Smith.

Climate 199

Climate Pollution Carbon Emissions 199

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 9, 2012

Comparison of GHGenius, JACOBS, TIAX, and the new PRELIM gasoline greenhouse gas (GHG) estimates using base case estimates and variations from the scenario analysis. Researchers at the University of Calgary (Canada) have developed the Petroleum Refinery Life-cycle Inventory Model (PRELIM). Credit: ACS, Abella and Bergerson.

Oil-Sands 236

Oil-Sands Emissions Oil Hydrogen 236

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 24, 2010

Comparison of coal consumption and CO 2 emissions for co-production and separate production of liquids and power. Even with CCS, the liquid product costs are comparable to recent crude oil prices. The liquids output capacity of CTL plants is 50,000 barrels/day. Source: Mantripragada and Rubin. Click to enlarge.

Coal 231

Coal Oil Prices CO2 Gas-Electric 231

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 29, 2012

Comparison of current federal subsidy to base case assumptions showing lifetime fuel savings (HomeEve charging scenario). An EPA estimate based on the Chevy Volt’s reported efficiency is also included for comparison. gal saved) pays prices substantially higher than US oil premium estimates of $0.37/gal Earlier post.).

Gasoline 308

Gasoline PHEV Gasoline-Electric Batteries 308

Green Car Congress

APRIL 24, 2011

Comparison of optimized start of injection of advanced diesel combustion for brake thermal efficiency, NO x , PM, THC, and CO of diesel (open bar); HTFT (gray bar); and LTFT (black bar) fuels. THC and CO as well as NO x and PM—according to research by a team from The Pennsylvania State University. Credit: ACS, Lilik and Boehman.

Diesel 236

Diesel Pollution Fuel Emissions 236

Green Car Congress

MAY 27, 2015

A study by Carnegie Mellon University researchers comparing life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from different natural gas pathways for medium and heavy-duty vehicles (MHDVs) found that the GHG reduction potentials of the pathways vary sharply between non-Class 8 MHDVs (e.g., refuse trucks and tractor-trailers). —Tong et al.

Gas 150

Gas Diesel Gas-Electric Emissions 150

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 15, 2010

Price and cost comparison for sugar- and fatty acid-based feedstocks in the production of biofuels and biochemicals. (a) a) Prices of raw sugar, palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) and non-edible tallow on a per-pound of carbon. (b) Ramon Gonzalez and his group at Rice University. b) Feedstock cost per gallon of ethanol produced.

2010 170

2010 Fuel Oil Engine 170

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 5, 2012

T63 emissions are much higher in comparison to other gas-turbine engines, such as the CFM56 engine; primary PM emissions are a factor of 10?20 Decreases in PM emissions at idle load come from lower elemental carbon (EC) and primary organic aerosol (POA), while at cruise load emissions, reductions are driven mainly by EC.

Emissions 240

Emissions Engine Fuel Gas 240

Green Car Congress

APRIL 28, 2009

Dr. David Shonnard and Kenneth Koers at Michigan Technological University conducted the LCA in collaboration with UOP, a Honeywell company. The study was based on camelina grown in Montana by Sustainable Oils and processed into renewable jet and diesel fuels using UOP hydroprocessing technology. Earlier post.). Earlier post.)

Renewable 150

Renewable Diesel Fuel Montana 150

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 12, 2010

The conditions whether cool flames can be stabilised or not is related to the heat release of the pre-reactions in comparison to the heat losses of the system. NPS acquired licensing rights to the cool flame reformer technology developed at RWTH Aachen University in the late 1990s. —Hartmann et al.

Norway 199

Norway Diesel Fuel Hydrogen 199