Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 14, 2012

A new Ford Motor Company-sponsored poll of 6,000 people across Europe found that most Europeans remain committed to car ownership, but have growing concerns about traffic congestion, the cost of driving and the environment. It is targeting improved traffic flow and reductions in CO2 emissions through cooperative systems.

Environment 319

Environment Cost Of Ford Cars 319

Green Car Congress

JULY 19, 2011

Comparative levelized cost of electricity in 2025 ($/MWh) at different CO 2 prices. Representative costs are reported in constant December 2010 US dollars. LCOE calculations are based on assumptions regarding future unit operations, operating costs, fuel prices, financing terms, and inflation. Source: EPRI. Source: EPRI.

EPRI 239

EPRI Cost Of Power Powered 239

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 4, 2023

million vehicles sold since 2010. Department of Transportation in their efforts to deploy a national network of electric vehicle chargers, zero-emission fueling infrastructure, and zero-emission transit and school buses. New plug-in EV sales have reached nearly 10% of the US light-duty market as of early 2023, with more than 3.4

Transportation 150

Transportation Energy Grid 2010 150

Green Car Congress

MAY 16, 2022

.-07) led 61 of their colleagues in both the US Senate and House of Representatives in sending a letter urging the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to finalize ambitious clean truck standards ( earlier post ) that reduce NO x and greenhouse gas emissions and include requirements for the sale of zero-emission trucks.

EPA 150

EPA Clean Cleaning Pollution 150

Green Car Congress

APRIL 5, 2013

US energy-related CO 2 emissions in 2012 were the lowest since 1994, at 5.3 With the exception of 2010, emissions have declined every year since 2007. The largest drop in emissions in 2012 came from coal, which is used almost exclusively for electricity generation. Duke study.

Coal 265

Coal 2012 Emissions Energy 265

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 18, 2010

With the amended regulations in place, diesel particulate matter emissions will be reduced from today’s levels by 50% by 2014 and 70% by 2020, according to ARB. The changes we set in place today will continue those public health benefits while reducing the cost of compliance by more than 60 percent. —ARB Chairman Mary D.

Diesel 186

Diesel Cost Of California Downsizing 186

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 22, 2010

Comments may be submitted through 30 November 2010. Well-to-wheels greenhouse gas emissions. These goals are to: Reduce the cost of producing hydrogen from renewable resources, nuclear energy, and coal with carbon sequestration; Reduce the cost of delivering, storing, and dispensing hydrogen; and. Source: DOE.

Hydrogen 271

Hydrogen 2010 Fuel 2015 271

Cars That Think

NOVEMBER 20, 2023

As legislation worked its way through Congress, Jenkins’s team provided elected officials, staffers, and stakeholders with a running tally of the possible trade-offs and payoffs in emissions, jobs, and economic growth. The target of reducing emissions by 50 percent by 2030 was established through an executive order in 2021.

Clean 105

Clean Cleaning Energy Emissions 105

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 31, 2011

World ethanol and biodiesel production, 1975-2010. Global production of biofuels increased 17% in 2010 to reach an all-time high of 105 billion liters (28 billion gallons US), up from 90 billion liters (24 billion gallons US) in 2009. Source: Worldwatch Institute. Click to enlarge. billion liters abroad, a 300% increase over 2009.

2010 256

2010 Brazil Global Argentina 256

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 25, 2016

Lithium-ion battery costs have already dropped by 65% since 2010, reaching $350 per kWh last year. We expect EV battery costs to be well below $120 per kWh by 2030, and to fall further after that as new chemistries come in. This would be equivalent to nearly 8% of global electricity demand in 2015. Although some 1.3

Cost Of 150

Cost Of Sale Global Vehicles 150

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 3, 2017

To meet future particulate matter emissions mandates without sacrificing fuel savings, engine developers need advanced combustion strategies to reduce the formation of soot in spray flames. However, this comes at the cost of higher particulate matter emissions. —Sandia researcher Scott Skeen.

Fuel Economy 150

Fuel Economy Economy Emissions Fuel 150

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 3, 2018

A new European Joint Research Center (JRC) analysis on the deployment of electric vehicles (EV) in Europe concludes that although the sector evolved significantly between 2010 and 2017, progress is still small to be characterized as full-scale commercialization. In 2010, electric vehicles still represented a niche market.

Europe 255

Europe Market Netherlands Recharge 255

Green Car Congress

APRIL 30, 2016

A new study by consultancy Roland Berger defines an integrated roadmap for European road transport decarbonization to 2030 and beyond; the current regulatory framework for vehicle emissions, carbon intensity of fuels and use of renewable fuels covers only up to 2020/2021. GHG abatement in road transport sector will cost approx.

Transportation 150

Transportation Emissions Fuel Vehicles 150

Green Car Congress

JULY 29, 2012

Vehicle efficiency improvements via effective standards and policies could reduce annual CO 2 e emissions from the US, China, and the EU by 1.3 The US, China, and the EU could reduce their combined annual CO 2 emissions by 1.3 The US, China, and the EU could reduce their combined annual CO 2 emissions by 1.3 ICCT-ClimateWorks.

Standards 300

Standards Economy Emissions China 300

Green Car Congress

APRIL 7, 2011

The analysis updates EPRI’s 2004 EPRI assessment, which estimated the cost of implementing a smart grid at $165 billion. The updated analysis assumes steady deployment of smart grid technologies beginning in 2010 and continuing through 2030. EPRI’s Prism analysis estimates a potential CO 2 emissions reduction in 2030 of 9.3%

EPRI 239

EPRI Grid Cost Of Gasoline-Electric 239

Green Car Congress

JUNE 21, 2010

The European Commission Fuel Cells and Hydrogen (FCH) Joint Undertaking (JU) has published its 2010 Call for Proposals with a budget of €89.1 Specific topics for the different areas in the 2010 Call include: Transportation and Refuelling Infrastructure (€31.6M). million, entered into the negotiation stage in April 2010.

2010 239

2010 Hydrogen Fuel 2009 239

Green Car Congress

MARCH 9, 2010

CO 2 emissions from the US transport sector, 1990-2008. The draft report of the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)’s annual Inventory of US Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2008 shows that in 2008, overall greenhouse gas (GHGs) emissions decreased by 2.9% (206.1 Overall, emissions have grown by 13.6%

2008 231

2008 Emissions EPA Transportation 231

Green Car Congress

JULY 3, 2016

They used currently achievable performance levels for the system components—electrolyzers and the Fischer−Tropsch process—to compute key metrics, including (i) cost of the synthetic fuel; (ii) well-to-gate CO 2 emissions; and (iii) overall energy efficiency. The major findings were: The final cost varies from $3.80

Conversion 240

Conversion Fuel CO2 Carbon 240

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 19, 2021

Their sulfidation approach could reduce the capital costs of metal separation between 65 and 95 percent from mixed-metal oxides. Their selective processing could also reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 60 to 90 percent compared to traditional liquid-based separation. Image: courtesy of the researchers. —Antoine Allanore.

MIT 396

MIT Lithium Ion Gas-Electric Energy 396

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 12, 2019

— The ordinances focus on building decarbonization—the strategic lowering of climate-changing emissions from buildings—including five that move toward building electrification. Adoption of local standards has gained momentum over time.

2019 170

2019 Standards Energy California 170

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 27, 2011

Value of life-cycle emissions externality damages and oil premium costs from vehicles in 2010 $. In this study we assess, under a wide range of scenarios, how much externality damage reduction plug-in vehicles can offer in the US and at what cost. They also examined a range of estimates for damages from GHG emissions.

PHEV 186

PHEV Oil Emissions Batteries 186

Green Car Congress

JUNE 14, 2023

One of the main factors driving the affordability of EVs, especially EV trucks, is the decreasing cost of battery technology. Lithium-ion battery costs have fallen by over 85% since 2010, and this trend is expected to continue.

Commercial 150

Commercial Market Isuzu Fleet 150

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 9, 2022

By working together, the partners will be able to leverage operations synergies and substantially increase cost efficiency to help make the vans more affordable for commercial customers driven by total cost of ownership. With Vito E-CELL in 2010, Mercedes-Benz Vans was a pioneer in the field of locally emission-free transporters.

Mercedes 199

Mercedes Production Electric Electrical 199

Green Car Congress

MARCH 8, 2010

CO 2 emissions from transportation sector by scenario in the study. The dashed blue line is 2005 emissions; the scale on the right shows the percent of 2005 level. Economy-wide CO 2 prices of $30-60/t CO 2 are too weak on their own to motivate significant reductions in CO 2 emissions from transportation. Source: Morrow et al.

Tax Credit 220

Tax Credit Tax Emissions Fuel 220

Green Car Congress

MARCH 19, 2012

Summary of battery pack cost projections, 2010-2030. Governments and vehicle manufacturers will need to introduce long-term incentives and price cuts to create a sustainable European market for ultra-low emission vans (ULEV), according to a newly published report by Element Energy, commissioned by the UK Department for Transport.

Emissions 231

Emissions Manufacturer Market Price 231

Green Car Congress

JUNE 11, 2019

The Manufacturers of Emission Controls Association (MECA) released a report assessing market-ready technologies being commercialized by suppliers of emission control and efficiency components for heavy-duty diesel vehicles to meet lower intermediate standards for oxides of nitrogen (NO x ) by 2024 as a transition to final standards in 2027.

Standards 191

Standards Diesel 2019 Emissions 191

Green Car Congress

APRIL 16, 2015

Reduction in annual generation cost and external emissions costs due to controlled charging compared to uncontrolled charging ($2010). Power generation also accounts for over 40% of GHG emissions. A paper describing the work is published in the ACS journal Environmental Science & Technology. —Weis et al.

Charging 150

Charging Coal Grid District of Columbia 150

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 21, 2011

The decrease in CO 2 equivalent emissions of ODSs (ozone-depleting substances: CFCs, halons, HCFCs, and others) may be offset by the projected increase in their non-ozone depleting substitutes (HFCs) (lines designated as HFC scenarios). Known measures that can be implemented to reduce emissions of HFCs. Source: UNEP. Click to enlarge.

Climate 287

Climate Ozone Emissions Transportation 287

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 15, 2010

system boundaries) determine the emissions estimates, the technologies available to reduce emissions, and perspectives and strategies of stakeholders. Bergerson and Keith pay particular attention to CCS, showing how divergent views about its cost effectiveness emerge from divergent choices about the scale of analysis.

Oil-Sands 225

Oil-Sands Oil Emissions Coal 225

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 20, 2014

Not only will the system improve convenience, but it will also help reduce emissions of refrigeration trucks since the battery will continue to power the refrigeration system even when the engine is off. DENSO is working to reduce the size, weight, and cost of the system while also looking to enhance convenience.

Charging 380

Charging Japan Toyota 2014 380

Green Car Congress

MARCH 26, 2009

Effective July 1, 2010, this rule is one of 44 early action measures required by AB 32, California’s greenhouse gas emissions reduction law. The cost of implementing the regulation balanced with the benefits from the measures will save the average Californian $12 per year, according to ARB.

California 150

California Emissions Maintenance 2010 150

Green Car Congress

JUNE 12, 2010

Criteria emissions by drive cycle. Barnitt (2010) Click to enlarge. NREL started a 12-month in-use technology evaluation comparing in-use fuel economy and maintenance costs of gHEVs and comparative diesel parcel delivery trucks in April 2009. Barnitt (2010).

Fuel Economy 199

Fuel Economy Economy Gasoline Diesel 199

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 26, 2009

The California Air Resources Board directed its staff to take steps to provide further locomotive and rail yard emission reductions beyond those achieved by existing US Environmental Protection Agency and state regulations and agreements. While we are pleased to have already reduced diesel emissions at the rail yards, it’s not enough.

Diesel 170

Diesel California Emissions 2007 170

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 30, 2010

Massachusetts Energy and Environmental Affairs (EEA) Secretary Ian Bowles has set the statewide greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions limit for 2020 required by the Global Warming Solutions Act of 2008 at 25% below 1990 levels, the maximum authorized by the Act, saying that measures already in place will get Massachusetts much of the way toward that goal.

Massachusetts 244

Massachusetts 2020 Emissions Auto 244

Green Car Congress

JULY 7, 2017

Diesel has played a major role in the European Union’s efforts to reduce CO 2 emissions from the automotive fleet; the market share of fuel-efficient new diesel cars in the European Union has remained above 50% since 2010. This projected shift in market share has raised some concerns over the cost of attainting CO 2 emission targets.

Diesel 150

Diesel Standards CO2 Gasoline-Electric 150

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 19, 2014

Fulton, UC Davis, examines how major changes in urban transport investments worldwide would affect urban passenger transport emissions as well as mobility by different income groups. Overall, the total costs of the baseline between 2010-2050 are roughly $500 trillion ($200T in OECD and $300T in non-OECD countries).

Davis 273

Davis Transportation Global Cars 273

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 15, 2013

By 2040, hybrids are expected to account for about 35% of the global light-duty vehicle fleet, up from less than 1% in 2010. Energy-related CO 2 emissions. Market forces and emerging public policies will continue to have an impact on energy-related carbon dioxide emissions. liters per 100 km) in 2010. Source: ExxonMobil.

Oil-Sands 309

Oil-Sands Energy Hybrid Sale 309