Green Car Congress

MARCH 4, 2022

6PPD is an antioxidant and antiozonant that helps prevent the degradation and cracking of rubber compounds caused by exposure to oxygen, ozone and temperature fluctuation. They found that even small concentrations, such as those regularly occurring in surface waters after stormwater runoff events, were fatal to brook and rainbow trout.

Ozone 370

Ozone Canada Pollution Grant 370

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 6, 2020

Net positive RF (warming) contributions arise from CO 2 , water vapor, NO x , and soot emissions, and from contrail cirrus (consisting of linear contrails and the cirrus cloudiness arising from them). Negative RF (cooling) contributions arise from sulfate aerosol production. Net warming from contrail cirrus is a sum over the day/night cycle.

Climate 448

Climate Emissions CO2 Climate Change 448

Green Car Congress

MAY 6, 2012

The market for water treatment for hydraulic fracturing (“fracking”) to produce previously inaccessible shale gas will grow nine-fold to $9 billion in 2020, according to a new report from Lux Research. —Brent Giles, Lux Research Analyst and lead author of “ Risk and Reward in the Frack Water Market ”.

Water 240

Water 2020 Market Chevron 240

Green Car Congress

APRIL 11, 2020

Electricity sourced from sun and wind is used to split water into hydrogen and oxygen in a process called electrolysis. Micropollutants such as pharmaceuticals, pesticides and cosmetics can be removed from wastewater when ozone is introduced.

Hydrogen 435

Hydrogen Future Design Ozone 435

Green Car Congress

JULY 9, 2009

Researchers in France have found that ozone depletion above Antarctica has significantly reduced the Southern Ocean’s ability to absorb atmospheric CO 2 and has also accelerated acidification of southern polar waters, despite lesser CO 2 uptake. The results revealed that, between 1987 and 2004, around 2.3 Lenton, A., Tagliabue, and J.

Ozone 150

Ozone Carbon 2004 Climate 150

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 22, 2011

Black carbon and tropospheric ozone are harmful air pollutants that also contribute to climate change. Reducing black carbon and tropospheric ozone now will slow the rate of climate change within the first half of this century, the study said.

Ozone 218

Ozone Climate Carbon Climate Change 218

Green Car Congress

APRIL 7, 2022

Hydrous ethanol (also sometimes known as azeotropic ethanol) typically ranges from 186 proof (93% ethanol, 7% water) to 192 proof (96% ethanol, 4% water). Earlier post.). It’s a good, fast way to adapt technology into an existing engine by manufacturing a retrofit kit that can be installed on current engines or on newer engines.

Carbon 259

Carbon Fuel Ozone Engine 259

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 29, 2022

Not only the parent compounds but also their transformation products, many of which are still unknown, may exert harmful effects on biota.

Ozone 456

Ozone Austria Environment Emissions 456

Green Car Congress

JULY 22, 2010

Illustration of projected ozone changes in the South Coast region due to climate change in 2050. Areas in orange and red could see ozone concentrations elevated by 9 to 18 parts per billion. We already know that climate change will bring us increased forest fires, shorter winters, hotter summers and impact our water supply.

Climate Change 199

Climate Change Ozone Climate California 199

Green Car Congress

JULY 24, 2009

A) shows the base case peak concentrations for O 3 (ozone), ClNO and HCl in parts-per-billion by volume (ppbv). (B) Under extreme circumstances, this previously unknown chemistry could account for up to 40 parts per billion (ppb) of ozone; the current US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 8-hour average standard is 75 ppb.

Ozone 150

Ozone Pollution 2009 Coal 150

Green Car Congress

MAY 17, 2020

Depletion of fresh water reserves [m 3 ]. Deterioration of the ozone layer [kg CFC-11-eq.]. The system will graph lifecycle impact for a range of specified powertrains, for a large number of impact categories: Climate change [kg CO 2 -eq.]. Depletion of fossil energy resources [kg oil-eq.]. Depletion of metal resources [kg iron-eq.].

Mariner 435

Mariner Climate Change DC Cars 435

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 16, 2019

The $461,000-project, titled “Heterogeneous Aging Mechanisms of Combustion and Biomass Burning Emissions,” will focus on how gases, such as ozone, react with pollutants emitted from power plants and forest fires. Both types of emissions cause tiny particles to be suspended in air.

Kentucky 207

Kentucky Pollution Grant Universal 207

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 18, 2019

Furthermore, airborne chemicals that originate inside a house don’t stay there: Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from products such as shampoo, perfume and cleaning solutions eventually escape outside and contribute to ozone and fine particle formation, making up an even greater source of global atmospheric air pollution than cars and trucks do.

Pollution 207

Pollution Ozone Clean Cleaning 207

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 3, 2022

Previously, the fact that these compounds are water-soluble never presented any problems since the Atacama Desert is one of the driest regions in the world. Alternative oxidation processes resulting in more stable and less toxic arsenic 5+ compounds instead of unstable and water-soluble arsenic 3+ compounds are also being considered.

Chile 243

Chile Ozone Climate Change Water 243

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 14, 2019

Transportation sector emission sources include combustion of fuels utilized in-state that are used by on-road and off-road vehicles, aviation, rail, and water-borne vehicles, as well as a few other smaller sources. This is, however, the lowest growth rate over the past 4 years. The inner ring shows the broad Scoping Plan sectors.

2017 230

2017 2016 Transportation Emissions 230

Green Car Congress

MARCH 2, 2012

Bromine also can remove ozone from the lowest layer of the atmosphere, the troposphere. Despite ozone’s beneficial role blocking harmful radiation in the stratosphere, ground-level ozone is a harmful pollutant. Bromine then reacts with a gaseous form of mercury, turning it into a pollutant that falls to Earth’s surface.

Mercury 210

Mercury Ozone United Kingdom 2008 210

Green Car Congress

JUNE 12, 2023

Unlike exhaust from burning coal and gas that contains CO 2 , burning hydrogen emits only water vapor and oxygen. Hydrogen is not a greenhouse gas, but its chemical reactions in the atmosphere affect greenhouse gases such as methane, ozone, and stratospheric water vapor. Sand et al.

Hydrogen 435

Hydrogen Global Ozone CO2 435

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 16, 2012

succeeded in isolating the simplest CI and reported direct kinetic measurements of its reactions with water, NO, NO 2 , and SO 2. Dr. George Marston from the University of Reading (UK) notes that: The Criegee intermediates (CIs) are central to understanding the reactions of ozone with unsaturated compounds. Welz et al.

Ozone 268

Ozone Climate Change Climate 2012 268

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 17, 2015

When in the air, these compounds may combine with volatile organic compounds to produce ozone, the main component of smog. In a subsequent laboratory comparison, they found that nitrate disappeared from grime 10,000 times faster than from a water-based solution when both were exposed to artificial sunlight. —James Donaldson.

Ozone 150

Ozone Germany Canada IDEA 150

Green Car Congress

MARCH 16, 2012

eutrophication; ET = ecological toxicity; FEC = fossil energy consumption; WU = water use; LO = land occupation; “The rest” includes acidification; smog formation; ozone layer depletion; and human health effects. Error bar shows regional variations for E85. GW = global warming; Eut. Credit: ACS, Yang et al. Click to enlarge.

Gasoline 357

Gasoline Water Emissions Minnesota 357

Cars That Think

DECEMBER 19, 2021

Up there, 10 to 50 kilometers above the Earth’s surface, ozone molecules absorb the sun’s ultraviolet light, protecting life far below. Even less is understood about the potential risks to people and the environment—could the particles deplete the ozone layer, for example, or significantly alter the weather? about 0.6 °C.

Ozone 121

Ozone Solar Climate Change Climate 121

Green Car Congress

MAY 28, 2010

These connections arise because in many cases the agents of concern are the same, and in many cases the sources of the agents are the same or intimately connected.For example, surface ozone is both an air pollutant and a greenhouse gas. The complex roles that ozone and aerosols play in the atmosphere provide examples of such trade-offs.

Climate Change 210

Climate Change Climate Pollution California 210

Green Car Congress

JULY 4, 2010

Researchers at North Carolina State University are developing an ozone-based pre-treatment technique (ozonolysis) to release sugars from the energy grass miscanthus for production into renewable fuels or chemicals with minimal generation of chemical waste streams and degradation of the carbohydrate components. García-Cubero et al.

Ozone 170

Ozone North Carolina Energy 2010 170

Green Car Congress

JULY 6, 2010

This proposal reduces emissions contributing to fine particle (PM 2.5 ) and ozone nonattainment that often travel across state lines. SO 2 and NO x react in the atmosphere to form fine particle pollution and ground-level ozone (smog), which are linked to widespread illnesses and premature deaths. NO x emissions would drop by 52%.

Pollution 218

Pollution EPA Transportation DC 218

Green Car Congress

JULY 11, 2013

Photochemical Ozone Creation Potential (kg Ethene equivalent). Quantifies the production of pollutant ozone (? to ozone layer), the results of the reaction of sunlight on NO x and volatile organic compounds. water, and non-renewable energies (crude oil, coal.) Characterizes the acid substances increase (NO x , SO 2.)

Li-ion 364

Li-ion Gasoline-Electric Ozone Diesel 364

Green Car Congress

JUNE 13, 2009

But excess nitrogen is emitted from soils, seeps into groundwater and runs off into surface waters. Nitrogen runoff in bays and coastal areas, where it makes algae numbers spike then crash, drawing oxygen from the water and leading to dead zones—areas that cannot support finfish, shellfish or most other aquatic life. Tom Tomich.

Davis 240

Davis Escape Ozone California 240

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 14, 2009

HFCs are powerful greenhouse gases originally developed as substitutes for ozone-depleting chemicals. A binding legal agreement exists that can cut HFCs now—the Montreal Protocol ozone treaty—and many alternatives to HFCs have already been developed and are waiting for the right regulatory incentive from the Montreal Protocol to be deployed.

Climate Change 186

Climate Change Climate Pollution Ozone 186

Green Car Congress

APRIL 12, 2013

Because of the large concentration of water in Earth’s atmosphere, Criegee concentrations—and, hence, the tropospheric implications of all Criegee intermediate reactions—depend on knowing the rate constant for reaction with water. Rudolf Criegee, a German chemist, first proposed the mechanism of ozonolysis in the 1950s.

Water 218

Water Universal Ozone Insight 218

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 4, 2011

An international team of scientists who monitor the rapid changes in the Earth’s northern polar region say that the Arctic is entering a new state, one with warmer air and water temperatures, less summer sea ice and snow cover, and a changed ocean chemistry.

Tundra 186

Tundra Ozone 2011 2006 186

Green Car Congress

APRIL 17, 2009

Findings from a recent EPA study titled “Assessment of the Impacts of Global Change on Regional US Air Quality: A Synthesis of Climate Change Impacts on Ground-Level Ozone,” for example, suggest that climate change may lead to higher concentrations of ground-level ozone, a harmful pollutant.

EPA 150

EPA Climate Change Ozone Motor 150

Green Car Congress

MARCH 29, 2010

Unlike other ethers, DME does not form peroxides, is non-toxic, has no effect on global warming nor ozone depletion and can be considered an environmentally friendly solvent. The process was presented during the 90 th Springtime Annual Meeting of The Chemical Society of Japan (CSJ), 26-29 March, 2010.

Japan 199

Japan Oil Ozone Coal 199

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 13, 2010

In all of this, we must also recognize that climate change will affect other parts of our core mission, such as protecting air and water quality, and we must include those considerations in our future plans. Protecting America’s Waters. Improving Air Quality. Other themes include: Assuring the Safety of Chemicals.

EPA 170

EPA 2010 Climate Change Mercury 170

Green Car Congress

JUNE 20, 2011

Data for the synthetic greenhouse and ozone depleting gases, such as CFCs, also are available. Water vapor, although an important greenhouse gas, is not significantly influenced directly by human activities.

Ozone 210

Ozone Climate Change Mariner Carbon 210

Blink Charging

APRIL 21, 2022

Hydroelectric Energy: In common use in Washington State and California, hydroelectric power captures the energy of running water. Some of the effects of pollution, such as depleting the ozone layer, affect both environmental and human health. It can be stored in many places—such as an EV battery—to be used at other times.

Green 52

Green Energy Pollution Ozone 52

Green Car Congress

MARCH 27, 2010

This could explain satellite measurements showing high levels of stratospheric ozone, water vapor and other chemicals over Asia during summer. When sulfur rises into the stratosphere, it can lead to the creation of small particles called aerosols that are known to influence the ozone layer.

Pollution 246

Pollution Asia Indonesia Ozone 246

Green Car Congress

MAY 16, 2011

The researchers also found that every ship in California waters whose emissions were measured was using low-sulfur fuel. The 274-foot research vessel examined the composition of emissions from more than 70 passing ships over 24 days.

Pollution 186

Pollution California Clean Cleaning 186

Green Car Congress

JULY 29, 2010

Warming of the air by any chemical, including soot, enhances natural surface emissions of water vapor [e.g., 1990; Anisimov, 2007] and chemical production of ozone in already-polluted locations [Jacobson, 2008b]. These three gases are all greenhouse gases, and ozone is a surface air pollutant. Dessler et al., Guenther et al.,

Global 230

Global Ozone CO2 Pollution 230