Green Car Congress

MARCH 6, 2014

Liquid Light unveiled its new process for the production of major chemicals from carbon dioxide, showcasing its demonstration-scale “reaction cell” and confirming the potential for cost-advantaged process economics. Other processes require an estimated $617 to $1,113 of feedstocks derived from oil, natural gas or corn.

Light 230

Light CO2 Wind Renewable 230

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 13, 2013

China is about to become the largest oil-importing country and India becomes the largest importer of coal by the early 2020s. The Middle East becomes the world’s second-largest gas consumer by 2020 and third-largest oil consumer by 2030, redefining its role in global energy markets. Mobility and oil. Source: IEA.

Oil 275

Oil 2013 Energy Emissions 275

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 5, 2018

At the same time, total miles traveled per year by cars, sport utility vehicles (SUVs) and light trucks will increase about 60%, reaching about 14 trillion in 2040. As personal mobility increases, average new-car fuel economy (including SUVs and light trucks) will improve as well, rising from about 30 miles per gallon (7.83

Oil 170

Oil Light Fuel Vehicles 170

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 20, 2011

World oil prices remain high in the IEO2011 Reference case, but oil consumption continues to grow; both conventional and unconventional liquid supplies are used to meet rising demand. In the IEO2011 Reference case the price of light sweet crude oil (in real 2009 dollars) remains high, reaching $125 per barrel in 2035.

Oil-Sands 220

Oil-Sands Oil 2008 Oil Prices 220

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 12, 2013

In regions where the share of coal-based electricity is relatively low, EVs can achieve substantial GHG reduction, the team reports in a paper in the ACS journal Environmental Science & Technology. emissions are less important because of the low contribution of light duty vehicles to national PM 10 and PM 2.5

Coal 231

Coal Pollution China Gas 231

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 6, 2012

In a paper published in the ACS journal Environmental Science & Technology , Stanford University assistant professor Adam Brandt reviews a number of recent life cycle assessment (LCA) studies calculating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from oil sands extraction, upgrading, and refining pathways—the results of which vary considerably.

Oil-Sands 225

Oil-Sands Oil Production Emissions 225

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 5, 2015

The EMS (Earth and Mineral Science) Energy Institute at Penn State has developed a conceptual novel process configuration for producing clean middle-distillate fuels from coal with some algal input with minimal emissions. Principal inputs are coal, water, non-carbon electricity, and make-up solvent. Schobert (2015) Click to enlarge.

Coal 150

Coal Emissions Hydrogen Oil 150

Green Car Congress

MARCH 30, 2011

Meeting the goal of cutting US oil dependence depends largely on two things, Obama said: finding and producing more oil at home, and reducing dependence on oil with cleaner alternative fuels and greater efficiency. The Administration is pushing the oil industry to produce on leases already held.

Obama 268

Obama Oil Gas-Electric Purchase 268

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 11, 2011

Light duty vehicle fleet by type and average fuel efficiency. ExxonMobil expects that by 2040, hybrids and other advanced vehicles will account for nearly 50 percent of light duty vehicles on the road, compared to only about 1 percent today. Source: ExxonMobil Outlook. Click to enlarge. L/100 km) by 2040. L/100 km) by 2040.

Personal 408

Personal Global Transportation Fuel 408

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 29, 2020

The US Department of Energy’s (DOE) Office of Fossil Energy (FE) has selected four projects for cost-shared research and development under the funding opportunity announcement (FOA), DE-FOA-0002180, Design Development and System Integration Design Studies for Coal FIRST Concepts.

Coal 186

Coal Carbon Hydrogen Nebraska 186

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 28, 2012

the developer of a process for harvesting algae and cleaning up oil & gas water, announced that its second original equipment manufacturer’s (OEM) agreement will target oil service companies in the Canadian oil sands market. LH was an early private investor in Athabasca Oil Corporation. OriginOil, Inc.,

Oil-Sands 225

Oil-Sands Oil Cleaning Clean 225

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 26, 2010

Pyrolysis bio-oils are produced by the thermal decomposition of biomass by heating in the absence of oxygen at more than 500 °C; fast pyrolysis of biomass is much less expensive than biomass conversion technologies based on gasification or fermentation processes. Solid arrows: Pyrolysis oil is directly passed over the zeolite catalyst.

Oil 225

Oil Convert Hydrogen Fuel 225

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 23, 2012

Under the Reference case, domestic crude oil production is expected to grow by more than 20% over the coming decade; already, domestic crude oil production increased from 5.1 Over the next 10 years, continued development of tight oil (e.g., Over the next 10 years, continued development of tight oil (e.g.,

Oil 210

Oil 2005 Production 2010 210

Green Car Congress

JULY 2, 2013

In contrast to arguments that peak conventional oil production is imminent due to physical resource scarcity, a team from Stanford University and UC Santa Cruz has examined the alternative possibility of reduced oil use due to improved efficiency and oil substitution. 2010, to above 140 $/bbl in constant 2010 dollars).

Oil 207

Oil Oil-Sands Fuel Economy Transportation 207

Green Car Congress

MAY 11, 2015

Researchers at Kyoto University in Japan have proposed a novel two-stage process to convert low-rank coals or biomass wastes under mild conditions to high-quality liquid fuel. Also, liquefying high-oxygen content low-ranking coal and biomass also consumes more hydrogen and produces more CO 2 , significantly reducing process efficiency.

Coal 150

Coal Waste Oil Hydrogen 150

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 25, 2009

The five different fuel groups were those derived: from conventional petroleum; from unconventional petroleum; synthetically from natural gas, coal, or combinations of coal and biomass via the FT process; renewable oils; and alcohols. million bpd. Reduced GHG impact. For CTL, life-cycle GHG emissions would roughly double.

MIT 250

MIT Oil-Sands Commercial Available 250

Green Car Congress

APRIL 7, 2012

As the cavitation bubbles grow and implode they bring about internal stresses within the liquid; this disruptive force causes the water particles to disperse inside the oil in the form of minute spheres. The delivery system provides fuel/water ratios and delivery pressure, calibrated to interface with existing fuel systems.

Fuel 236

Fuel Water Emissions Diesel 236

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 15, 2013

By 2040, hybrids are expected to account for about 35% of the global light-duty vehicle fleet, up from less than 1% in 2010. In 2010 China had only about five light-duty vehicles per 100 people, while India had less than two per 100 people; this compares to about 75 vehicles for every 100 people in the United States. Click to enlarge.

Oil-Sands 309

Oil-Sands Energy Hybrid Oil 309

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 15, 2009

The full AEO2010 report, including projections with differing assumptions on the price of oil, the rate of economic growth, and the characteristics of new technologies, will be released in early 2010, along with regional projections. As a result, reliance on imported oil declines significantly over the next 25 years. Source: EIA.

Renewable 199

Renewable Oil 2010 Energy 199

Green Car Congress

APRIL 10, 2012

A) CNG light-duty cars vs. gasoline cars; (B) CNG heavy-duty vehicles vs. diesel vehicles; and (C) combined-cycle natural gas plants vs. supercritical coal plants using low-CH 4 coal. On the one hand, a shift to natural gas is promoted as climate mitigation because it has lower carbon per unit energy than coal or oil.

Climate Change 270

Climate Change Climate Gas Coal 270

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 13, 2014

The study was commissioned by the European Oilseed Alliance (EOA), the European Biodiesel Board (EBB) and the European Vegetable Oil and Proteinmeal Industry (FEDIOL). Even for conventional oil production fields, because larger existing fields get depleted, the extraction efforts increase while smaller fields are taken in operation.

Oil-Sands 236

Oil-Sands Oil 2014 Fuel 236

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 17, 2010

The Annual Energy Outlook 2011 (AEO2011) Reference case released yesterday by the US Energy Information Administration (EIA) more than doubles the technically recoverable US shale gas resources assumed in AEO2010 and added new shale oil resources. Beyond 2020, CAFE standards for both passenger cars and light-duty trucks are held constant.

Gas 199

Gas 2011 Price Energy 199

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 22, 2009

Health and other non-climate damages by life-cycle component for different combinations of fuels and light-duty automobiles in 2005 (top) and 2030 (bottom). GHG emissions (grams CO 2 -eq)/VMT by life-cycle component for different combinations of fuels and light-duty automobiles in 2005 (top) and 2030 (bottom). Click to enlarge.

2005 246

2005 Cost Of Energy Coal 246

Green Car Congress

MAY 15, 2015

The new regulations include: Regulations aligned with recently proposed actions in the United States to reduce GHG methane from the oil-and-gas sector. Regulations for natural gas-fired electricity, which would build on Canada’s existing coal-fired electricity regulations. Canada already has 79% non-emitting electricity generation.

2005 150

2005 Canada Oil Gas 150

Green Car Congress

APRIL 15, 2019

coal, oil, natural gas, and biomass). Summer fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) increases on average and largest in areas with increased coal-fired power generation demands. Locations with more coal-fired power in their energy mix experienced an increase in PM during the summer. Winter while PM 2.5 2019.04.003.

Conversion 281

Conversion Jordan Ozone Coal 281

Green Car Congress

JUNE 9, 2014

Production costs per barrel of oil equivalent. The cost of electrofuels—fuels produced by catalyst-based systems for light capture, water electrolysis, and catalytic conversion of carbon dioxide and hydrogen to liquid fuels—remains far away from viable, according to a new analysis by Lux Research. Source: Lux Research.

Cost Of 210

Cost Of North Carolina Conversion Hydrogen 210

Plugs and Cars

AUGUST 19, 2007

The Ugly Coal sucks, there's really no two ways about it. But not all use of coal is alike. The Good About half our electricity comes from coal, and that will change, at best, slowly as we move to renewables. That includes the worst, most coal dependent areas. Support knows no party. It's the plug, stupid.

Coal 100

Coal Costa Rica Gasoline-Electric Cars 100

Green Car Congress

MAY 8, 2011

The BP/Davy fixed-bed FT process produces diesel, jet fuel (JP8) and naphtha from natural gas, biomass- or coal-derived syngas. The BP FT technology produces a synthetic crude that is a mixture of light hydrocarbons and wax (mostly linear paraffins). there is a low scale-up risk. David Tomlinson, President of Davy Process Technology.

Davis 199

Davis Commercial Coal Alaska 199

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 10, 2014

The Outlook for Energy identifies a significant evolution in the trade of oil and other liquids. A major shift is seen as North America will likely become a net exporter of liquids by 2020 as supplies of tight oil, natural gas liquids and bitumen from oil sands increase. Projected sales of light-duty vehicles by type.

Energy 252

Energy Global 2010 Oil-Sands 252

Green Car Congress

JUNE 10, 2011

On a life-cycle basis this advantage is reduced, the MIT report notes, because the GHG emissions in production and distribution, including methane leakage, are greater for natural gas than for oil products. MIT: leaning toward conversion for light-duty vehicles. million bpd of oil. Tcf/year, equivalent to 1.3

MIT 299

MIT Gas Transportation Future 299

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 17, 2011

Large scale production of methanol from natural gas and coal is a well-developed. Sufficient feedstock of natural gas and coal exists to enable the use of non-renewable methanol as a transition fuel to renewable methanol from biomass, they suggested. Methanol from non-renewable coal or natural gas could be used as a bridging.

Transportation 257

Transportation Fuel Coal Gasoline 257

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 14, 2014

In contrast to the “green light” for coal-to-NG substitution for power generation, the authors suggest that climate benefits from vehicle fuel substitution are uncertain (gasoline, light-duty) or improbable (diesel, heavy-duty). Alvarez et al. found benefits from NG use in transport at leakage rates below 1.7%

Climate 247

Climate Transportation Fuel Coal 247

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 7, 2009

The development of high energy, low-cost batteries represents the critical barrier to wide-spread deployment of EVs, which if achieved would have a profound impact on US oil security, greenhouse gas emissions, and economic growth. Coal-fired power plants currently generate approximately 50% of the electricity in the United States.

Carbon 199

Carbon Plug-in Energy Fuel 199

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 16, 2012

Researchers in the Netherlands have demonstrated the direct conversion of synthesis gas through a Fischer-Tropsch process to C 2 through C 4 light olefins with selectivity up to 60 wt.% For several decades, research groups have attempted to develop iron-based catalysts to direct product selectivity of the FT synthesis toward light olefins.

Conversion 281

Conversion Light Gas Sodium 281

Green Car Congress

JULY 13, 2019

Efforts to shift away from fossil fuels and replace oil and coal with renewable energy sources can help reduce carbon emissions but do so at the expense of increased inequality, according to a new study by researchers at Portland State University (PSU) and Vanderbilt University.

Renewable 292

Renewable Energy Portland Climate Change 292

Green Car Congress

JUNE 9, 2009

Ranges in passenger occupancy can easily change the relative performance of modes, with large aircraft performing better than light rail in some of the areas investigated. Samples of the findings include: Off-peak urban diesel buses has the largest energy consumption and GHG emissions per PKT, followed by the three light-duty vehicles.

Light 150

Light Emissions Energy Boston 150

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 27, 2011

In a paper published in the ACS journal Environmental Science & Technology , they present their results for a 10% PHEV market share of the light-duty vehicle fleet. In NYISO home charging does not decrease CO 2 emissions as much as smart or work charging because it is displacing gasoline with plants near the peak, often using oil.

PHEV 240

PHEV Emissions CO2 Gasoline-Electric 240