Cheap Commercial Cost Waste 
Green Car Congress
SEPTEMBER 28, 2022
Cemvita scientists increased microbe performance by six and a half times the rate needed to produce hydrogen at $1/kg, a key milestone necessary to advance the program toward commercialization. According to a report from S&P Global Commodity Insights, the cost of electrolytic hydrogen from renewable energy spiked as high as $16.80/kg
Green Car Congress
MARCH 16, 2015
Researchers from A*STAR in Singapore have developed a fungal culture for use in a cheap and efficient method to transform waste oil palm material into biofuels and environmentally friendly plastics. The palm oil waste contains cellulose and hemicellulose that can be broken down into sugars for use in fuel and plastic production.
Green Car Congress
AUGUST 25, 2017
Published in an open-access paper in the journal Fuel , their findings point to a cheaper, more environmentally friendly and renewable catalyst for processing that uses common bacteria and the metal palladium, which can be recovered from waste sources such as discarded electronics, catalytic converters, street sweeper dust and processed sewage.
Green Car Congress
NOVEMBER 17, 2017
Our research proved that poplar coppice can be a good option to meet the cheap, high-volume criteria of biofuel feedstock. Earlier studies show that poplar woodchips are a viable biofuel source, but costs still don’t pencil out, especially since trees are cut just once every 10-plus years. Chang Dou/University of Washington.
Green Car Congress
OCTOBER 12, 2012
The technology is to be commercialized by a spin-out from the University, MOF Technologies. By simply grinding together two cheap precursors in a basic milling machine, the MOF material is produced in a matter of minutes, in a powder form, ready for applications without further treatment, and without generating solvent waste.
Green Car Congress
MARCH 22, 2019
Scientists in China have developed a process for converting cellulose from plant waste from agriculture and timber harvesting into high-density aviation fuel: a polycycloalkane mixture. They also predict it will yield higher profits than conventional aviation fuel production because it requires lower costs to produce a higher-density fuel.
Cars That Think
JULY 30, 2021
KAIST/Korea Polytechnic University The paper doesn't directly address the cost of the MHD, and with three motors and some other electronics in it, it's not likely to be super cheap. I'd expect it to cost at least USD $100, although perhaps it could get somewhat cheaper in volume.
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