Green Car Congress

JULY 11, 2013

Renault’s comparison of the carbon footprint of EV and ICE vehicles over production, operation and end of life. Photochemical Ozone Creation Potential (kg Ethene equivalent). Quantifies the production of pollutant ozone (? to ozone layer), the results of the reaction of sunlight on NO x and volatile organic compounds.

Li-ion 364

Li-ion Gasoline-Electric Ozone Diesel 364

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 21, 2011

The decrease in CO 2 equivalent emissions of ODSs (ozone-depleting substances: CFCs, halons, HCFCs, and others) may be offset by the projected increase in their non-ozone depleting substitutes (HFCs) (lines designated as HFC scenarios). Climate and the Ozone Layer. Source: UNEP. Click to enlarge.

Climate 287

Climate Ozone Emissions Transportation 287

Green Car Congress

JUNE 8, 2023

There are widespread policy assumptions that the phase-out of gasoline and diesel internal combustion engines will over time lead to much reduced emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) from road transport and related fuels. Cliff et al. —Cliff et al. the products used for “car care,” such as windshield washer fluid.

Emissions 397

Emissions Exhaust Cars Ozone 397

Green Car Congress

APRIL 30, 2010

The US, Canada, and Mexico have submitted a proposal to strengthen climate protection under the Montreal Protocol— the international treaty that phases out the production of a number of substances responsible for ozone depletion. Uncontrolled growth of HFCs will offset the benefits of reducing carbon dioxide. C, says IGSD.

Ozone 170

Ozone Micronesia Climate Protection Climate 170

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 3, 2015

Some of the substitutes for ozone-damaging chemicals that being phased out worldwide under international agreements are themselves potent greenhouse gases and contribute to warming. This work was supported in part by NOAA’s Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle, and Climate (AC4) Program and NASA’s Atmospheric Composition Program.

Ozone 150

Ozone Colorado Gas Carbon 150

Green Car Congress

JULY 1, 2019

Average greenhouse gas emissions (carbon dioxide equivalent) per passenger from flying were obtained from an online emissions calculator at myclimate (a nonprofit spin-off from the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology). by adding an amount that corresponds to the direct portion of emissions. (A

Emissions 419

Emissions Los Angeles Gas San Francisco 419

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 10, 2011

NOAA’s updated Annual Greenhouse Gas Index (AGGI), which measures the direct climate influence of many greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane, shows a continued steady upward trend. NOAA scientists created the AGGI recognizing that carbon dioxide is not the only greenhouse gas affecting the balance of heat in the atmosphere.

2010 199

2010 Gas Ozone 2004 199

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 30, 2009

In particular, the study led by Drew Shindell found that methane emissions have a larger warming impact due to those interactions than accounted for in current carbon-trading schemes or in the Kyoto Protocol. And hydroxyls drive long chains of reactions involving other common gases, including ozone. Shindell et al.

Climate Change 268

Climate Change Climate Ozone Pollution 268

Green Car Congress

APRIL 15, 2019

Researchers from Northwestern University and Princeton University have explored the impact on US air quality from an aggressive conversion of internal combustion vehicles to battery-powered electric vehicles (EVs). Across scenarios, we found the more cars that transitioned to electric power, the better for summertime ozone levels.

Conversion 281

Conversion Jordan Ozone Coal 281

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 14, 2009

Cutting HFCs, black carbon, tropospheric ozone, and methane can buy us about 40 years before we approach the dangerous threshold of 2°C warming. —co-author HFCs are powerful greenhouse gases originally developed as substitutes for ozone-depleting chemicals. Black Carbon. From Molina et al. Earlier post.) Mario Molina. (Dr.

Climate Change 186

Climate Change Climate Pollution Ozone 186

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 9, 2012

A recent study by an international team calculated that shipping causes a net cooling of climate across all parametrizations of the indirect aerosol effect (IAE) and scenarios throughout the period 1900?2050. A recent study commissioned by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) estimated total emissions of 1046 Tg CO 2 yr ?1

Climate 240

Climate Emissions Ozone 2007 240

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 22, 2011

Carbon dioxide accounted for 80% of this increase. After water vapor, the three most prevalent long-lived greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide. Its impact on climate, over a 100-year period, is 298 times greater than equal emissions of carbon dioxide. It has grown at an average of about 0.75

2010 199

2010 Industry Industrial Ozone 199

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 1, 2012

Although viewed as a potential target in the global effort to reduce climate change, atmospheric black carbon particles absorb significantly less sunlight than scientists have predicted, according to a new study by an international team of researchers, published in the journal Science. Earlier post.).

Climate 261

Climate Climate Change Carbon Boston 261

Green Car Congress

MAY 16, 2012

Sharkey’s research team already has measured rates of isoprene emission from plants that are used by the Environmental Protection Agency to predict lower-atmosphere ozone levels. Ultimately, he hopes this innovative process would take in carbon dioxide and discharge bio-isoprene using only sunlight as an energy source.

Ozone 225

Ozone Production Michigan Automobile 225

Green Car Congress

MARCH 8, 2013

While last year it appeared that the auto industry as a whole would shift to R-1234yf, in September 2012, Daimler said that internal testing had identified safety (flammability) issues under certain conditions, and that it would not use R-1234yf in its products. BMW and Volkswagen followed suit. transition to a new refrigerant is not easy.

Future 311

Future CO2 2009 Climate 311

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 25, 2009

Ocean acidification caused by the absorption of carbon dioxide in seawater is already increasing along the California coast decades earlier than existing models predict. The growth in carbon dioxide emissions from energy and industry has exceeded even the most fossil-fuel intensive scenario developed by the IPCC at the end of the 1990s.

Climate Change 259

Climate Change Climate 2007 Ozone 259

Green Car Congress

APRIL 11, 2014

An international team examining the total warming impact of 25 major synthetic greenhouse gases (SGHGs) has concluded that without additional limits on SGHG use, the resulting increase in warming could outweigh the climate benefits gained thus far from phasing down chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs).

Climate 199

Climate Ozone Climate Change Emissions 199

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 23, 2020

Despite reports that global emissions of the potent greenhouse gas, HFC-23, were almost eliminated in 2017, an international team of scientists, led by the University of Bristol, has found atmospheric levels growing at record values. As a result, they reported that they had almost completely eliminated HFC-23 emissions by 2017.

Emissions 199

Emissions Ozone India 2017 199

Green Car Congress

APRIL 1, 2009

Among the direct transportation-related provisions in the extensive package are a low-carbon fuel standard for all transportation fuels; financial support for large scale demonstrations of electric vehicles; and financial support for automakers retooling plants to make electric vehicles. Carbon Capture and Sequestration.

Climate 186

Climate Standards Carbon California 186

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 17, 2010

The cap-and-trade program also works in concert with other measures, such as standards for cleaner vehicles, low-carbon fuels, renewable electricity and energy efficiency, and complements and supports California’s existing efforts to reduce smog-forming and toxic air pollutants. Click to enlarge.

California 218

California Climate Climate Change Gas-Electric 218

Green Car Congress

MARCH 27, 2010

The Asian monsoon circulation provides an effective pathway for pollution from Asia, India, and Indonesia to enter the global stratosphere, according to a new international study led by scientists at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) in Boulder, Colo. Click to enlarge.

Pollution 246

Pollution Asia Ozone Indonesia 246

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 5, 2009

A side event organized by the International Nitrogen Initiative (INI) at the COP-15 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen will highlight nitrogen’s role in climate change. Dr Cheryl Palm, the chair of the International Nitrogen Initiative (INI). Earlier post.).

Climate 186

Climate Climate Change United Kingdom Ozone 186

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 8, 2023

Emissions from automobile exhaust systems have decreased in recent years due to the introduction of cleaner fuels and new control technologies on internal combustion engines, as well as increases in numbers of hybrid and electric vehicles.

Emissions 353

Emissions Pollution Exhaust London 353

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 4, 2011

An international team of scientists who monitor the rapid changes in the Earth’s northern polar region say that the Arctic is entering a new state, one with warmer air and water temperatures, less summer sea ice and snow cover, and a changed ocean chemistry.

Tundra 186

Tundra Ozone 2011 2006 186

Green Car Congress

APRIL 17, 2009

There are two public hearings scheduled for this proposed finding: 18 May at the EPA Potomac Yard Conference Center, Arlington, VA; and 21 May at the Bell Harbor International Conference Center in Seattle, WA. Climate change has the potential to produce increases in ground-level ozone in many regions, according to the report.

EPA 150

EPA Climate Change Ozone Motoring 150

Green Car Congress

MAY 1, 2018

NO x emissions have not been decreasing as expected in recent years (2011–2015) when comparing top-down estimates from satellites and surface NO 2 measurements to the trends predicted from the US Environmental Protection Agency’s emission inventory data, according to a new study by an international team of researchers. Click to enlarge.

Emissions 150

Emissions Ozone Pollution EPA 150

Green Car Congress

APRIL 19, 2013

Volatile organic compounds (VOC), which include hydrocarbons, are major air pollutants as well as precursors of harmful compounds such as tropospheric ozone and secondary organic aerosols. compounds containing 2-12 carbon atoms) are mainly produced by automobiles, a conclusion in line with previous findings.

Los Angeles 225

Los Angeles Pollution Gasoline Engine 225

Green Car Congress

JUNE 30, 2013

In addition, a single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) anode technology for possible future use in these batteries was assessed. It assessed three currently manufactured Li-ion battery technologies for EVs and two for a PHEV with a 40-mile all-electric range: lithium-manganese oxide (LiMnO 2 ); lithium-nickel-cobalt-manganese-oxide (LiNi 0.4

Li-ion 210

Li-ion PHEV Battery Batteries 210

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 2, 2009

Unless emissions of carbon dioxide can be greatly reduced—i.e., The report assesses the two main kinds of geoengineering techniques: Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) and Solar Radiation Management (SRM). However, there are some serious questions over adverse effects, particularly depletion of stratospheric ozone.

Climate Change 186

Climate Change Climate Price International 186

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 20, 2012

Panels show (a) PM 2.5 , (b) elemental carbon (EC), (c) NO x , (d) CO, (e) formaldehyde, and (f) sum of target VOCs. Among the findings were that at idle, B20 increased engine-out and DOC-out emission rates of CO, NMHC, PM 2.5 , elemental carbon (EC), formaldehyde, benzene, and other VOCs (volatile organic compounds) for both the 1.7

Pollution 231

Pollution Diesel Emissions Engine 231

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 25, 2011

Development of sustainable communities strategies can also provide an opportunity for associated criteria pollutant emission reductions that will be needed to attain air quality standards for ozone and particulate matter as well as reduce near-roadway exposures.

Pollution 231

Pollution 2012 California 2013 231

Green Car Congress

JUNE 27, 2017

Percent reduction in visible solar energy due to ambient PM (plus a small contribution from ozone) (A), only dust PM deposition (B) deposition of all PM components (C), and atmospheric and deposited combined (D; note change in scale). Credit: ACS, Bergin et al. Click to enlarge. So we put together a comprehensive model to do just that.

Solar 218

Solar Energy Global Production 218

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 19, 2009

Here, RME show advantages for primary energy and GHG, but disadvantages in terms of acidification, eutrophication and ozone depletion. This is mainly as a result of carbon releases from the soils and land. Source: “Assessing Biofuels”. Click to enlarge. Source: “Assessing Biofuels”. Click to enlarge.

Ozone 186

Ozone Water Emissions Oil 186

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 25, 2016

These were shown to be ozone-depleting, however, and were targeted for phasing out under the 1987 Montreal Protocol. However, HFC-134a, while having zero ozone-depletion potential, has a very high global warming potential—more than 1,500 times as much warming as an equivalent amount of CO 2.

China 150

China Ozone United States Fuel Economy 150

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 11, 2016

are based on scores of national and international epidemiological, animal and human exposure studies. In addition to ozone and particulate matter, the other pollutants are lead, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide. The ATS recommended standards for O 3 and PM 2.5

Pollution 150

Pollution Standards Ozone EPA 150

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 21, 2015

In the Lower GHG Scenario, further reductions in carbon emissions result from adoption of policies that apply an increasing price on carbon emissions, resulting in faster deployment of low-emission generation technologies. —Ted Craver, chairman, president and CEO of Edison International.

EPRI 150

EPRI Cleaner Grid Vehicles 150

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 5, 2015

While that report projected vessel activity, it did not explore the environmental impacts of increased shipping in terms of air emissions or the potential climate impacts from increases in short-lived climate pollutants such as black carbon. The emissions report focuses on the low- and mid-range diversion scenarios—i.e.,

Pollution 150

Pollution Emissions Fuel Mariner 150