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This brief analysis examines the relative cost of the energy from milk and gasoline. The average price of conventional (not organic) whole milk in September 2020 was $3.56 Therefore, the cost of 1,000 Btu from conventional whole milk was $0.37. Currently, a gallon of gasoline (with ethanol) contains 120,286 Btu of energy.
Though there are some exceptions to these positive results for some of the diesel versions of vehicles from a total-cost-of-ownership perspective, the overall direction of the results supports the idea that diesel vehicles are competitive within the U.S. Belzowski 2015. Click to enlarge. Average diesel take rates. Model year.
Cumulative natural gas vehicles in use by segment, world markets: 2013-2020. million by 2020. The increase is largely driven due to a combination of low-cost natural gas and sustained higher prices for gasoline and diesel in many countries, Navigant suggests. Source: Navigant Research. Click to enlarge.
Provisional 2030 economic impact of achieving the 2020 targets in the two Phase I scenarios—Current Policy Initiatives and Tech 1— compared to baseline. In the second scenario, Tech 1, cars and vans achieve slightly higher efficiency levels in 2020 and continue along a similar trajectory of around 3% annual improvement.
A team from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and the Idaho National Laboratory has produced a detailed assessment of the current levelized cost of light-duty electric-vehicle charging (LCOC) in the United States, considering when, where, and how EVs are charged. kWh); however, costs vary considerably (e.g., from $0.08/kWh
Gasoline direct injection (GDI) is a strategy to improve fuel efficiency that is rapidly gaining market acceptance. million units by 2020. (“ Analysis of the GPF Market for Passenger Cars in Europe and North America ”). of total GPF installations by 2020. and fuel properties. Earlier post.) and fuel properties. Earlier post.)
In a speech at the Naval Energy Forum, US Secretary of the Navy Ray Mabus set out five energy targets for the department to meet over the course of the next decade, including the overall goal of half of the total energy consumption for ships, aircraft, tanks, vehicles, and shore installations coming from alternative sources by 2020.
Plug-in electric vehicles, including plug-in hybrids and battery electric vehicles, have the potential to make up 9% of US auto sales in 2020 and 22% in 2030 (1.6 However, achieving such growth level will be dependent on two key factors: aggressive reductions in battery costs and rising gasoline prices. Earlier post.)
Electric vehicle technology is rapidly improving with battery, charging and smart grid advances that allow us to specify our delivery vehicles to eliminate emissions, noise and dependence on diesel and gasoline. The all electric trucks will deliver by day and re-charge overnight.
Non-tactical vehicle spending by alternative drive type, US Department of Defense: 2013-2020. compound annual growth rate (CAGR) almost from more than 81 million gasoline gallon equivalents (GGEs) in 2013 to just fewer than 70 million GGEs in 2020 due in part to increased use of alternative fuel vehicles. Click to enlarge.
In a companion study to an SAE paper presented in April ( earlier post ), researchers at MIT have quantified the net economic and CO 2 emissions benefit that could be obtained by utilizing 98 RON gasoline in light-duty vehicles, based on reasonable assumptions for possible refinery changes and the evolution of the LDV fleet. billion in 2040.
On the other hand, gasoline, CNG and LPG powered vehicles pay for road use through fuel excise duty charged directly on the fuel they use. While diesel-powered vehicles offer fuel economy benefits over gasoline-powered vehicles, the government notes, diesel technology is already well established. battery electric) or partly (i.e.,
Cool Planet Energy Systems projects that using its patented mechanical process and novel scaling approach ( earlier post ), it will be able to produce high-octane carbon-negative (with the use of its bio-char byproduct) renewable gasoline at a cost of $1.50 The control car used 100% regular gasoline. earlier post ).
The study provides a comprehensive analysis of the cost and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of a variety of vehicle-fuel pathways; the levelized cost of driving (LCD); and the cost of avoided GHG emissions. Cost assessments represent a final cost/price to the consumer, excluding taxes on the final product (e.g.,
The central government’s plan, posted on its website, is targeting the production of 500,000 plug-in hybrid and electric vehicles by 2015, with output to grow to 2 million units of those types by 2020. By 2020, average passenger car fuel consumption is to drop to 5.0 kW/kg, at a cost of 200 yuan/kW. L/100km (40 mpg US) or less.
Massachusetts Energy and Environmental Affairs (EEA) Secretary Ian Bowles has set the statewide greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions limit for 2020 required by the Global Warming Solutions Act of 2008 at 25% below 1990 levels, the maximum authorized by the Act, saying that measures already in place will get Massachusetts much of the way toward that goal.
The operating and maintenance cost of in-service compressors is exacerbated by the on/off cycling of the compressors resulting from a lack of station demand. The capital cost of the commercial hardware remains high due to low production volumes. Storage Cost Reduction Opportunities.
With continued growth in oil and natural gas production, growth in the use of renewables, and the application of demand-side efficiencies, the projections show the potential to eliminate net US energy imports in the 2020 to 2030 timeframe. The United States has been a net importer of energy since the 1950s. With greater U.S.
BCG comparison of the CO 2 reduction potential and cost of different technologies. Conventional automotive technologies have significant emission-reduction potential, according to a draft of the Boston Consulting Group’s (BCG) latest report on automotive propulsion, Powering Autos to 2020. Source: BCG. Click to enlarge.
Four California state agencies and the independent power grid operator have released a new plan and vision for California’s energy future in advance of the Air Resources Board consideration of a first-in-the-nation rule requiring that a third of California electricity come from renewable sources by 2020.
Fleet penetration of PHEV by 2020 in different scenarios. The first character of the scenario represents the price of gasoline at simulation termination, the second represents “yes” or “no” on a manufacturer subsidy, and the third represents “yes” or “no”on a sales tax exemption. Consumer response under a gasoline price shock.
By the end of 2020, Bloom expects to ship a 100 kW pilot server to South Korea to power an SK E&C facility in early 2021. Over time, it has improved the efficiency and aggressively reduced the cost of its products and expects this trend to continue. —KR Sridhar, founder, chairman, and CEO of Bloom Energy.
However, Pike still anticipates 39% CAGR (compound annual growth rate) between 2012 and 2020. Highlights of the forecast include: HEVs will be the largest segment of xEVs through the period to 2020, with anticipated sales reaching 2.1 million in 2020, or 2.1% vehicles by 2020, while PHEVs will see significantly fewer with 3.4
A new analysis by the consultancy McKinsey & Company indicates that the price of a complete automotive lithium-ion battery pack could fall from the current $500–$600/kWh to about $200/kWh by 2020 and to about $160/kWh by 2025 (in real dollars, indexed to 2011). In the US, with gasoline prices at or above $3.50
Because of the lower carbon/hydrogen ratio of methane (CH 4 ) relative to gasoline, CO 2 emissions from the combustion of natural gas are approximately 75% of those of gasoline for a given amount of energy production. emissions are reduced by around 25% relative to the use of gasoline for the same engine efficiency. Source: MIT.
Ricardo’s gasoline engine roadmap focuses on CO 2 reduction through downsizing and the use of synergistic technologies. Engine downsizing is central to Ricardo’s gasoline engine roadmap for future CO 2 and fuel economy improvements. million units per year by 2020. Click to enlarge. Click to enlarge.
Investing in fuel efficiency technologies for heavy-duty trucks would create jobs in the manufacturing sector and throughout the entire economy because fuel savings outweigh the cost of more efficient trucks. UCS found that net cost savings from more efficient trucks would total $24 billion in 2030 at fuel prices of about $3.50
DOE’s key hydrogen objectives are to reduce the cost of producing and delivering hydrogen to less than $4 per gallon of gasoline equivalent (gge) to enable fuel cell vehicles to be competitive with gasoline vehicles. These topics include non-platinum catalysts for fuel cells and detection of contaminants in hydrogen.
Overall cost of the 6,000-kilometer pipeline project is estimated to be around $10 billion, according to Iranian Deputy Oil Minister Javad Ouji. By 2020, Syria will need about 15 to 20 million cubic meters of gas per day and Lebanon will need about five to seven million cubic meters of gas per day.
The LCFS is a performance-based regulation adopted in 2010 that requires regulated parties incrementally to reduce the carbon intensity (CI) of the state’s transportation fuel mix starting in 2011 with a 0.25% reduction, increasing to 10% reduction by 2020. gCO 2 e/MJ for gasoline.
BCG’s analysis finds that cellulosic ethanol is on the verge of becoming cost-competitive with gasoline at $3/gal US. Can it overcome barriers to rapid adoption once cost-competitive? By 2020, CSP could provide power at $0.10 Click to enlarge. Can it reach penetration levels by 2025 that disrupt the status quo?
President Biden called on Congress to suspend the federal gas tax for the next 90 days, through the busy summer driving season—18 cents per gallon for gasoline and 24 cents per gallon for diesel. Operable capacity for the refineries is 17,789,010 barrels per calendar day in 2022, down from 18,976,085 in 2020.
Ford management gave an update on its product line plans, touting that by 2020, the company will offer “North America’s freshest lineup among all full-line automakers,” with its average showroom age dropping from 5.7 By 2020, trucks and SUVs—including electrified vehicles—are to represent 86% of Ford’s product mix.
Long-term markets including mainstream transportation applications with a focus on light duty vehicles—in the 2015 to 2020 timeframe. These goals are to: Reduce the cost of producing hydrogen from renewable resources, nuclear energy, and coal with carbon sequestration; Reduce the cost of delivering, storing, and dispensing hydrogen; and.
Projected US sales by powertrain type in 2020. Source: “Fuel Economy Focus: Perspectives on 2020 Industry Implications”. The report, “Fuel Economy Focus: Perspectives on 2020 Industry Implications,” evaluates the impact that meeting the proposed fuel economy/GHG standards would have on the car industry in the year 2020.
When we spoke to customers interesting in driving a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle, many wondered what the cost of hydrogen would be. Because of the inherent weight and cost of batteries, and the chemistry and physics that drive slow recharge times, today’s electric vehicles have practical limits for many consumers, Hyundai suggested.
The study— Analysis of Policies to Reduce Oil Consumption and Greenhouse-Gas Emissions from the US Transportation Sector —finds that reducing CO 2 emissions from the transportation sector 14% below 2005 levels by 2020 may require fuel prices above $8/gallon by 2020. Adoption of all of the preceding policies.
They found that vehicle emission standards reduce CO 2 emissions from transportation by about 50 MtCO 2 and lower the oil expenditures by about €6 billion, but at a net added cost of €12 billion in 2020. This study, for the first time, quantifies the vast economic costs of that policy using a general equilibrium framework.
by 2020, and 64% by 2050. The costs of most clean energy technologies fell more rapidly than anticipated. In order to hit 2020 2DS targets, sales need to increase by 50% each year. This rate of sales growth puts EV deployment on track to meet 2DS 2020 targets, which require a 80% annual growth rate. Source: IEA.
Aspirational targets among seven countries participating in the Electric Vehicle Initiative would see growth from just under 2 million EV and PHEVs to just under 20 million by 2020. In 2012 the German government declared a goal of having one million EVs registered by 2020. Source: “Electric Vehicle Grid Integration”. Click to enlarge.
Tactically, on the battlefield, the costs of transporting fuel is exponentially increased; in extreme cases a gallon of gasoline could cost up to $400. By 2020, produce at least half of shore based installations’ energy requirements from alternative sources.
The draft TAR shows that automotive manufacturers are innovating and bringing new technology to market at a rapid pace, and that they will be able to meet the MY 2022-2025 standards established in the 2012 rulemaking with a wide range of cost-effective technologies. —Draft TAR.
DOE’s key hydrogen objectives are to reduce the cost of producing and delivering hydrogen to less than $4 per gallon of gasoline equivalent (gge) to enable fuel cell vehicles to be competitive with gasoline vehicles. The 94 projects will receive about $96 million in total funding. Giner, Inc.
The program incorporates a DOE grand challenge, the EV Everywhere Initiative, to develop the technologies to make electric-powered vehicles as affordable and convenient as gasoline-powered vehicles for the average American family by 2020. Other highlights include more than $5 billion (+5.7%
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