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Ozone, the main component of smog, is a plant-damaging pollutant formed by emissions from vehicles, cooking stoves and other sources. New research shows that ozone pollution damaged millions of tons of wheat, rice, soybean and cotton crops in India in 2005. Surface ozone pollution in India damaged 6 million metric tons (6.7
Long-term exposure to particulate air pollution has been linked to an increased risk of heart disease, but the biological process has not been understood. Repeated scans were done for nearly all participants between 2002 and 2005; for a subset of participants between 2005 and 2007; and for half of all participants between 2010 and 2012.
Vattenfall and Aalborg University are partnering with Danish startup SCF Technologies in a two-year project to design a demonstration plant based on SCF’s CatLiq process—an application of the firm’s supercritical fluid technology in the catalytic production of bio-oil from organic waste. Overview of the CatLiq process. Click to enlarge.
The analysis by researchers in the US and Europe estimates anthropogenic global and regional sulfur dioxide emissions spanning the period 1850–2005 using a bottom-up mass balance method, calibrated to country-level inventory data. By 2005, China’s share of sulfur emissions came in at 28% of the global total, up from about 2% in 1950.
Between August 2005 and June 2011, California law allowed owners of hybrid vehicles achieving at least 45 mpg (5.2 on weekdays to an already congested road such as Interstate 10 in the Los Angeles area appends $4,500 per car in annual costs (in pollution and time) to society. While adding a single hybrid to any HOV lane at 2 a.m.
In contrast, no decrease in sulfur dioxide was observed in the Mediterranean harbor of Tunis, and there was no reduction in any of the other air pollutants that were measured in all four harbors (Civitavecchia, Savona, Palma de Mallorca and Tunis). by weight, while previously, outside of Sulphur Emission Control Areas, a. was allowed. (the
A consortium brought together by low carbon experts at the University of East Anglia (UEA) in the UK launched the first bus in the UK to run on biomethane gas. The dual-fuel diesel-biomethane powered bus is expected to reduce pollutant emissions and greenhouse gas emissions by around a half. Biomethane bus. Click to enlarge.
In a similar way, the full breadth of impacts attributable to conventional gasoline production, such as natural resource consumption and hazardous pollutant emissions, must also be considered in order to make balanced comparisons to biofuels. Process flow diagrams for E85 and gasoline. Credit: ACS, Yang et al. Credit: ACS, Yang et al.
The Advanced Collaborative Emissions Study (ACES), released today by the Health Effects Institute (HEI), also confirmed that the concentrations of particulate matter and toxic air pollutants emitted from NTDE are more than 90% lower than emissions from traditional older diesel engines (TDE). Earlier post.)
Preliminary findings from a study on the use of hydraulic fracturing in shale gas development suggest no direct link to reports of groundwater contamination, according to project leader Dr. Charles ‘Chip’ Groat, of The University of Texas at Austin’s Energy Institute.
About a third of the airborne lead particles collected at two sites in the San Francisco Bay Area came from Asia, a finding that underscores the far-flung impacts of air pollution and heralds a new way to learn more about its journey across vast distances. They found that a median value of 29% of the lead particles were of Asian origin.
They found that levels of pollutants that can contribute to the formation of ground-level ozone, or smog, have failed to continue a fairly steady decline as estimated by the US Environmental Protection Agency. We were surprised by the discrepancy between the estimates of emissions and the actual measurements of pollutants in the atmosphere.
Reform of energy subsidies in oil-exporting countries can reduce carbon emissions and add years to oil exports, according to a new paper from Rice University''s Baker Institute for Public Policy. Indonesia, for example, after failed attempts in 1997 and 2003, successfully raised fuel prices in 2005 and 2008.
A new study by researchers from Stockholm University concludes that automobile tires may be a potential previously unknown source of carcinogenic dibenzopyrenes—a type of high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)—to the environment. Automobile tire rubber in general consists of approximately 40?
Acetaldehyde is classified as a hazardous air pollutants (HAP) regulated under Title III of the Clean Air Act Amendments. They estimated year-2005 North American ethanol emissions of 670 GgC/y, with 440 GgC/y from the continental US. Numbers inset give the total North American ethanol source. Labels at left are months (e.g.,
The American Power Act, released as a discussion draft, targets reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by at least 4.75% compared to 2005 levels by 2013; by at least 17% compared to 2005 levels by 2020; by at least 42% compared to 2005 levels by 2030; and by at least 83% compared to 2005 levels by 2050.
The draft requires states to establish goals for reducing global warming pollution from the transportation sector and requires large metropolitan planning organizations to submit transportation plans to meet those goals. Title III, Reducing Global Warming Pollution , (the cap-and-trade title), has eight subsections.
Autism spectrum disorders are lifelong conditions for which there is no cure and limited treatment options, so there is an urgent need to identify any risk factors that we could mitigate, such as pollution. Dr. Talbott and her team interviewed the families of 211 children with ASD and 219 children without ASD born between 2005 and 2009.
Although China and India remain the world’s largest consumers of coal, a new University of Maryland-led study found that China’s sulfur dioxide emissions fell by 75% since 2007, while India’s emissions increased by 50%. Sulfur dioxide is an air pollutant that causes acid rain, haze and many health-related problems.
Resulting improved strains of maize may, for example, produce larger yields, show resistance to disease, offer efficiencies in nitrogen use that would enable farmers to reduce applications of costly, polluting fertilizers, and tolerate changes in rainfall or temperature accompanying climate change. Schnable of Iowa State University.
Ozone pollution near Earth’s surface is one of the main ingredients of summertime smog. Determining effective strategies for mitigating surface ozone (O 3 ) pollution requires knowledge of the relative ambient concentrations of its precursors, NO x , and VOCs. Credits: NASA’s Earth Observatory /Josh Stevens. Click to enlarge.
Inventorying criteria air pollutants showed that vehicle non-operational components often dominate total emissions. Life-cycle criteria air pollutant emissions are between 1.1 All components appear in the order they are shown in the legend.). Chester and Horvath (2009). Click to enlarge. and 800 times larger than vehicle operation.
A study by a team from the State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum found that fluid thermal processing of. In 2005, the company acquired some 261 square kilometers of exploration rights and expects to generate an estimated 150,000 tons of oil-sands derived crude oil annually from the site.
Researchers at the Department of Energy’s Lawrence Berkeley National Lab (Berkeley Lab) and the University of Hawaii have provided direct experimental evidence for the validity of a proposed mechanism for the first step in the process that transforms gas-phase molecules into solid particles such as soot and other carbon-based compounds.
A team at Carnegie Mellon University has modeled the net emissions in two regional transmission operators (PJM and NYISO) from PHEVs under different scenarios for future power generation; different size battery packs; charging strategies (home, work and smart); and PHEV fleet percentages between 0.4 Scott Peterson, J.
The Bakken Formation, a shale oil and gas field in North Dakota and Montana, is emitting roughly 2% (about 250,000 tons per year) of the globe’s ethane, according to new study led by researchers at the University of Michigan. Between 2005 and 2014, the Bakken’s oil production jumped by a factor of 3,500, and its gas production by 180.
Before that, Chris was a faculty member at Carnegie Mellon University, and helped win the 2007 DARPA Urban Challenge. Cities need such smart mobility solutions to help solve their traffic, pollution and traffic safety challenges. Chris Urmson, Co-founder & CEO. He has a PhD in Robotics from Carnegie Mellon.
Researchers at the University of Maryland and the University of Texas, Austin, have created a database that includes visibility measurements taken from 1973 - 2007 at 3,250 meteorological stations all over the world and released by the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC). University of Maryland Visibility Database.
Consequently, vehicle emissions have become an increasingly conspicuous contributor to air pollution in Chinese urban areas. Similar studies by the partners are being done in Beijing and Shanghai. Data gathering for the Beijing study was completed in 2008. Tianjin is the third-largest city in China, behind Beijing and Shanghai.
The document outlines a new set of aggressive near-term and long-term strategies for the nation’s busiest harbor complex to further reduce harmful air pollution from all port-related sources, assist the state in meeting aggressive greenhouse gas reduction goals, and ultimately achieve zero emissions for trucks and terminal equipment.
One of the things that we’re going to be talking about today is investing in the kind of technology that will allow us to use coal, our most bountiful natural resource here in the United States, without polluting our planet. Percent reduction from 2005 baseline). Renewable fuel. Advanced biofuel. Biomass-based diesel.
This was not the Burbank police who arrested Alexandra and Colette in 2005 for trying to stop EVs from being crushed. The car is lightning fast — an instant throwback to the purr of the EV1 electric car — only this time there is almost universal agreement that the car is damn sexy. Case in point? Complaints?
Transport 2050 forsees the gradual phasing out of conventionally-fuelled vehicles from the urban environment as making a major contribution to significant reduction of oil dependence, greenhouse gas emissions and local air and noise pollution. In maritime, the need for a global level-playing field is equally pronounced. —Transport 2050.
Developing a universal truck reservation system, staging yards, intelligent transportation systems and other efficiency programs to reduce emissions while improving the flow of cargo. By 2023, the ports aim to cut emissions of DPM 77%, NO x 59%, and SO x 93% below 2005 levels.
A shift from gasoline to diesel engines following previous and upcoming European emission standards is consistent with long-term climate mitigation efforts, according to a new analysis by researchers from CICERO (Center for International Climate and Environmental Research, Norway), the University of Oslo and ETH Zurich.
is black carbon (BC)—a pollutant with large positive radiative forcing on the climate due to its ability to absorb incoming sunlight and reduce surface albedo on snow. A new study by a team at the University of Toronto has made a preliminary assessment of the climate trade-off (i.e., A significant fraction of the GDI PM 2.5
Since 2005, when major greenhouse-gas emitters among the Kyoto signatories were issued caps on their emissions and permitted to buy credits to meet those caps, there has been more than $300 billion worth of carbon transactions. Perspective by Brian J. Donovan, CEO of Renergie, Inc. INTRODUCTION. CONCLUSION.
Erosion control may reduce water pollution from non-point sources, a leading source of water pollution in US waterbodies. EPA, Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Potential in US Forestry and Agriculture (2005). For example, offset projects that promote carbon sequestration in soil (e.g., Benefits to Developing Countries.
billion people) are exposed to annual average levels of fine particulate matter exceeding the World Health Organization (WHO) guideline from 2005, leading to 1.8 The WHO 2005 guideline for PM 2.5 —lead author Veronica Southerland, George Washington University. million excess deaths in cities globally in 2019.
The objections they raised for years -- "no one is interested, no one would plug in, the technology is too complex, the benefits are minimal, its just shifting the pollution from the tailpipe to the smokestack, theres no demand for these cars" -- still show up occasionally, but are by and large history.
Dont PHEVs just shift pollution from gasoline cars to power plants? But its monumentally less pollution , even on the national (half-coal) grid. For more on plug-in hybrids and V2G, see CalCars Resources , University of Delaware V2G Research Center , and papers from a June 2005 conference in Seattle. How can I help?
Long-term exposure to ambient air pollutants, especially O 3 (ozone), is significantly associated with increasing emphysema, according to a new study led by the University of Washington, Columbia University and the University at Buffalo. This work in the MESA Air study was led at the University of Washington.
The study focuses on the period between 2005 and 2018 and tracks combustion emissions of various polluting compounds from various sectors, looking at every state in the contiguous United States, from season to season and year to year.
I would say that electricity is a vastly superior fuel for the light vehicle fleet,” said Willett Kempton , a professor and alternative energy specialist at the University of Delaware. Among these fuels natural produces the least of the “dirty byproducts&# , then oil and then coal which produces the most unwanted pollutants.
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