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In the quest to realize artificial photosynthesis to convert sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide into fuel—just as plants do—researchers need to not only identify materials to efficiently perform photoelectrochemical water splitting, but also to understand why a certain material may or may not work. —Johanna Eichhorn.
Scientists at Tokyo Institute of Technology (Tokyo Tech) have demonstrated the first visible-light photoelectrochemical system for water splitting using TiO 2 enhanced with cobalt. The proposed approach is simple and represents a stepping stone in the quest to achieve affordable water splitting to produce hydrogen. —Prof.
Researchers from UC Davis and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology have uncovered more detail about the functioning of cobalt as a water-splitting catalyst. In 2008, MIT chemists, led by Professor Dan Nocera, reported that a simple cobalt catalyst could split water at neutral pH to produce oxygen, protons and electrons.
The optimized photo-electrochemical water splitting device uses light absorbers made of silicon arranged in closely packed pillars, dotted with tiny clusters of the new molybdenum sulfide catalyst. An alternative, clean method is to make hydrogen fuel from sunlight and water via a photo-electrochemical (PEC, or water-splitting) process.
In working to elucidate the chemistry of hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) for the catalytic upgrading of pyrolytic bio-oil to fuel-grade products, researchers at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) have discovered that water in the conversion process helps form an impurity which, in turn, slows down key chemical reactions.
The next step—the water-gas shift reaction—sees the carbon monoxide and steam reacted via a different catalyst, making carbon dioxide and additional hydrogen. Compared to natural gas reforming, the use of electricity from renewable sources to split water for hydrogen is cleaner and more sustainable. —Zhenxing Feng.
Elon Musk spoke at the World Water Forum in Indonesia this week, following a trip to the country in which he debuted SpaceX’s Starlink satellite internet. Following the debut of Starlink in Indonesia on Sunday, Musk spoke at the World Water Forum in Bali on Monday, sharing a few insights on solving the water crisis.
A new set of buoys in Alaska waters will help scientists understand how climate change may be affecting the pH level of northern seas. The first set, at the water’s surface, measures the water’s pH, as well as water temperature, carbon dioxide levels and other data. Each buoy contains two sets of instruments.
The LCA covers material, water, and energy flows associated with lithium acquisition; lithium concentration; production of lithium chemicals, battery cathode powders, and batteries; and associated transportation activities along the supply chain. This study provides crucial insights into the electric mobility value chain.
Researchers at KAUST have developed and used a novel way of increasing the chemical reactivity of a two-dimensional molybdenum disulfide material to produce a cheap and effective catalyst for water splitting to produce hydrogen. A monolayer of molybdenum disulfide is only reactive for reducing water to hydrogen at its edge.
Our tool provides a simple method to integrate disparate climate and population data sources and develop preliminary per capita water availability projections at a global scale. At that time, it was unusual to integrate population, climate and water data into one model. —Esther Parish, lead author. —Esther Parish.
Key research areas that will be explored by IBM Research - Africa include: Smarter Cities – with initial focus on water and transportation: Rates of urbanization in Africa are the highest in the world. The initial focus will be on smarter water systems and traffic management solutions for the region.
With efficiencies above 90%, Topsoe’s proprietary SOEC electrolyzers offer superior performance in electrolysis of water into hydrogen—e.g., The SOEC is a ceramic cell that uses electricity to split water molecules (H 2 O) into hydrogen (H 2 ) and oxygen (O 2 ). —Hauch et al.
Researchers in Canada have demonstrated a new photochemical diode artificial photosynthesis system that can enable efficient, unassisted overall pure water splitting without using any sacrificial reagent. overall water splitting reaction. These free charges split water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen. … in neutral (pH?~?7.0)
The US Department of Energy (DOE) has selected national laboratory-led projects for up to $11 million this year, as well as future years, subject to annual appropriations, under DOE’s competitive laboratory solicitation for the development of Advanced Water Power Technologies. Earlier post.) DOE Marine and Hydrokinetic Technologies listing.
Cox Automotives senior director of economic and industry insights said, The spring bounce normally ends the second week of April, but this year, wholesale appreciation trends continued for the entire month and were much stronger than we typically observe. Cox Automotives Manheim Used Vehicle Value Index showed an increase of 4.9
The water depth at the well is 6,562 feet (2,000 meters), and the red and blue colors shown within the image correspond to sediment layers, which mostly dip westward. Gas hydrates are ice-like substances formed when certain gases combine with water at specific pressures and temperatures. Click to enlarge. Source: USGS.
These ions then make their way to the anode where they react with hydrogen molecules to form the cell’s primary waste product: water. In the Nature Communications paper, Chueh and his colleagues at Berkeley, Sandia and SLAC split water into hydrogen and oxygen (and vice versa) in a cerium oxide fuel cell. —William Chueh.
Through these processes, fuel cells produce electricity to power electric motors in vehicles and other applications, emitting water as the only by-product. Platinum-based, nano-sized particles are the most effective materials for promoting reactions in fuel cells, including the ORR in the cathode.
Joint work between IBM and the University of Guadalajara will focus on research aimed at identifying ways to apply advances in technology to the high degrees of instrumentation and massive data volumes that comprise the core systems of a city such as transportation, healthcare, education, public safety, energy and water.
Rice University research has uncovered novel insights into water on Mars. The post Water on Mars: New study uncovers ancient aquifers beneath the surface appeared first on Innovation News Network. Find out if these findings could support life on the Red Planet.
These results provide fundamental insights into the fabrication of high-performance all-solid-state Li batteries. Before completing the fabrication of a battery, the team exposed the LiCoO 2 surface to air, nitrogen (N 2 ), oxygen (O 2 ), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), hydrogen (H 2 ), and water vapor (H 2 O) for 30 minutes.
In a paper published in the journal Nature Energy, they suggest that these insights highlight the mechanical tunability of electrochemical plating reactions in brittle solid electrolytes. Through rain and snow, car tires pound water into the tiny, pre-existing imperfections in the pavement producing ever-widening cracks that grow over time.
In addition to ongoing work on improving the H-B process, another alternative is the electrochemical synthesis of ammonia, where water electrolysis and the ammonia synthesis occur simultaneously in the same reactor via an electrochemical reaction route. b) Outline of the process using nitrogenase enzymes. —Rapson et al. 202001433.
The two datasets revealed the chemical and physical mechanisms behind the observed events and suggest that the formation of secondary aerosols likely occurs through sulfuric acid-dimethtlamine-water nucleation—a conclusion largely supported by experimental laboratory studies.
Ruthenium dioxide is widely used in industrial processes, in which it’s particularly important for catalyzing the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) that splits molecules of water and releases oxygen. I think the exciting aspect of the work is that we push a little bit the boundary of our understanding of the catalysis of splitting water.
The project will provide insights about integrating nuclear energy with hydrogen production technologies and inform future clean hydrogen production deployments at scale. Six tonnes of stored hydrogen will be used to produce approximately 200 MWh electricity during times of high demand, and may be also used to make chemicals and other fuels.
Tasmania’s east coast is recording its highest-ever winter water temperatures of more than 13 ºC (55 °F)—up to 1.5 Satellites have provided an insight into a significant extension of the Leeuwin Current curling around the southern tip of Tasmania and reaching as far north as St Helens. Source: CSIRO. Click to enlarge.
A new analysis of seismic data from NASA’s Mars InSight?mission mission has led to several revelations about water on Mars. The post Subsurface water on Mars subverts predictions appeared first on Innovation News Network.
A research team from University of Western Ontario, McMaster University and Beijing Computational Science Research Center has developed an effective synthesis method to produce isolated single platinum (Pt) atoms and clusters for use as catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in water splitting to produce hydrogen.
When methane hydrates are “melted,” or exposed to pressure and temperature conditions outside those where the formations are stable, the solid crystalline lattice turns to liquid water, and the enclosed methane molecules are released as gas. Earlier post.). DOE Investment: approximately $1.68 DOE Investment: approximately $650,000.
A comprehensive three-year scientific study into the air, water and soil impacts of hydraulic fracturing (HF) in coal seam gas (CSG) in Queensland, Australia has found little to no impacts on air quality, soils, groundwater and waterways. CSIRO scientist sets up a solar-powered air-quality-monitoring station in the Surat Basin, Queensland.
The authors also provide new insight into how electrons and charge carriers called “holes” contribute to degradation in artificial photosynthesis. Electron microscopy experiments at the Molecular Foundry confirmed that cuprous oxide quickly oxidizes or corrodes within minutes of exposure to light and water.
Findings by MIT researchers could help advance the commercialization of supercritical water technology for the desulfurization and upgrading of high-sulfur crude oil into high-value, cleaner fuels such as gasoline without using hydrogen—a major change in refining technology that would reduce costs, energy use, and CO 2 emissions.
The findings could help advance development of the microbial production of hydrogen from sunlight and water. An international team of scientists from the UK, Germany and France have discovered how oxygen stops photosynthetic organisms such as green algae from producing hydrogen.
Although direct biophotolytic H 2 production has been documented and studied for decades, significant challenges remain for the development of microbial strains and conditions that can directly and efficiently use sunlight and water to produce H 2. billion years ago.
Our findings highlight the need for systematic examination of global versus regional drivers of trends in Indian rainfall extremes, and may help to inform flood hazard preparedness and water resource management in the region. —Ghosh et al. Shih-Chieh Kao.
The findings have implications for the availability, management and use of water resources in regions around the world, say the researchers. Rain increases with aerosol concentration in deep clouds that have a high liquid-water content, but declines in clouds that have a low liquid-water content. —Li et al.
Research areas of specific interest for dedicated research wells may include, but are not limited to: Assurance of long-term borehole integrity as well as isolation of production zones from overlying sources of drinking water via natural or other migration pathways.
The SBRP team will focus on an ISAS approach, which is a highly efficient system for producing liquid and solid biofuels, capturing and holding carbon from the atmosphere, enlarging habitats to increase biodiversity, and simultaneously releasing fresh water for higher value uses such as drinking water.
Advanced methods like computational toxicology, remote sensing, and high throughput chemical screening have given us new insights into the linkages between environmental, economic, and social systems and a new awareness of widespread global challenges. Safe and Sustainable Water Resources (SSWR).
Methane hydrate—molecules of natural gas trapped in an ice-like cage of water molecules—represents a potentially vast methane resource for both the United States and the world. The objective of the program is to fund research that significantly advances the current state of knowledge or technology with respect to methane hydrate science.
Backwards compatible to fourth-generation electronic controls, which were first produced in 2005, the new connected capabilities will provide insight into over 170 different transmission conditions. This will provide fleet management and maintenance staff with the insight they need to improve vehicle uptime.
This insight could potentially inform bioremediation efforts in the region. But both strains were able to adapt to a wide range of temperatures, so could be deployed during summertime when temperatures are higher, soils are unfrozen, and water is more accessible. The results show that strain ADL36 is better at diesel biodegradation.
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