Carbon, Future, Ozone and Production

CSIRO study finds ozone uptake in oceans much lower than previously thought

Green Car Congress

JULY 31, 2019

CSIRO scientists have developed a new way to account for ozone in computer simulations of the climate. This latest modeling shows that the oceans take much less ozone out of the atmosphere than previously thought. Ozone (O 3 ) is formed by reactions of chemicals such as nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds—i.e.,

Ozone

Ozone Climate Global Water

UCL-led study finds climate impact caused by growing space industry needs urgent mitigation

Green Car Congress

JUNE 26, 2022

The rapidly growing space industry may have a greater climate effect than the aviation industry and undo repair to the protective ozone layer if left unregulated, according to a new study led by UCL and published in the journal Earth’s Future as an open-access paper. The space industry is one of the world’s fastest growing sectors.

Climate

Climate Ozone Industrial Industry

UK researchers report that alcohols in windshield washer fluid are major unreported source of VOCs emissions from cars, including EVs

Green Car Congress

JUNE 8, 2023

Scaling of industry sales statistics enabled the discrepancy to be attributed to the use of ancillary solvent products such as screenwash and deicer which are not included in internationally applied vehicle emission methodologies. the products used for “car care,” such as windshield washer fluid. —Cliff et al.

Emissions

Emissions Exhaust Cars Ozone

Study: surface ozone in India in 2005 damaged 6M tonnes of crops, enough to feed 94M people in poverty

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 4, 2014

Ozone, the main component of smog, is a plant-damaging pollutant formed by emissions from vehicles, cooking stoves and other sources. New research shows that ozone pollution damaged millions of tons of wheat, rice, soybean and cotton crops in India in 2005. Surface ozone pollution in India damaged 6 million metric tons (6.7

Ozone

Ozone 2005 India Pollution

United States and China agree to work together on phasing down HFCs

Green Car Congress

JUNE 9, 2013

The United States and China will work together and with other countries to use the expertise and institutions of the Montreal Protocol to phase down the consumption and production of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), among other forms of multilateral cooperation. While they do not deplete the ozone layer, many are highly potent greenhouse gases.

United States

United States Ozone China Climate Change

US, China, and G-20 agree to work to global phase down of HFCs

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 6, 2013

While they do not deplete the ozone layer, many are highly potent greenhouse gases whose use is growing rapidly as replacements for ozone-depleting substances being phased out under the Montreal Protocol. Left unabated, HFC emissions could grow to nearly 20% of carbon dioxide emissions by 2050, a serious climate mitigation concern.

Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia Ozone China Brunei

Up close and personal with Volkswagen’s e-Golf carbon offset project: Garcia River Forest

Green Car Congress

JUNE 8, 2015

In 2014, Volkswagen of America announced that starting with the launch of the zero-tailpipe emissions battery-electric 2015 e-Golf ( earlier post ), it would invest in projects to offset the carbon emissions created from the e-Golf on a full lifecycle basis: production, distribution and up to approximately 36,000 miles (57,936 km) of driving.

Carbon

Carbon Personal Store Emissions

Renault makes public its lifecycle study of Fluence ICE vs Fluence EV

Green Car Congress

JULY 11, 2013

Renault’s comparison of the carbon footprint of EV and ICE vehicles over production, operation and end of life. The study used the series production versions launched in 2011, with the assumption of operation for 150,000 km (93,205 miles). Photochemical Ozone Creation Potential (kg Ethene equivalent). Click to enlarge.

Li-ion

Li-ion Gasoline-Electric Ozone Diesel

UN report projects that increasing use of HFCs likely to have a significant climate impact by 2050; equivalent to current total annual emissions from transport

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 21, 2011

The decrease in CO 2 equivalent emissions of ODSs (ozone-depleting substances: CFCs, halons, HCFCs, and others) may be offset by the projected increase in their non-ozone depleting substitutes (HFCs) (lines designated as HFC scenarios). Climate and the Ozone Layer. Source: UNEP. Click to enlarge.

Climate

Climate Ozone Emissions Transportation

Toyota to pioneer use of biosynthetic rubber in engine and drive system hoses

Green Car Congress

APRIL 21, 2016

Next month, Toyota will become the first automaker to use biohydrin, a newly-developed biosynthetic rubber product, in engine and drive system hoses. Vacuum sensing hose production process. In the future, Toyota plans to expand the usage of biohydrin to other high-performance rubber components, such as brake hoses and fuel line hoses.

Toyota

Toyota Engine Ozone Automobile Manufacturer

Study finds that under business-as-usual scenario, average global air quality to worsen; China, North India and Middle East are the hot spots

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 2, 2012

The team used a population-weighted multi pollutant index (PW-MPI), suited for global model output, with the atmospheric chemistry general circulation model EMAC to estimate the impact of anthropogenic emission changes on global and regional air quality in recent and future years (2005, 2010, 2025 and 2050). Resources. Zimmermann, U.M.

India

India Global 2005 Asia

Study Finds Controlling Soot May Be Fastest Method to Reduce Arctic Ice Loss and Global Warming; Second-Leading Cause of Global Warming After CO2

Green Car Congress

JULY 29, 2010

Results of the study suggest that soot is second only to carbon dioxide in contributing to global warming. Jacobson found that the combination of the two types of soot is the second-leading cause of global warming after carbon dioxide. Black carbon converts sunlight to heat and radiates it back to the air around it.

Global

Global Ozone CO2 Pollution

Calif. ARB releases GHG scoping plan update; more ZEVs, “LEV IV”, MD and HD regulations; ZEV for trucks; more LCFS

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 11, 2014

The update identifies eight key sectors for ongoing action: Energy; Transportation, fuels, land use and infrastructure; Agriculture; Water; Waste management; Natural lands; Short-Lived Climate Pollutants (such as methane and black carbon); and Green Buildings. Background.

Transportation

Transportation Emissions California Ozone

NASA GISS Study Finds That Methane Has an Elevated Warming Effect Due to Interactions With Aerosols

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 30, 2009

In particular, the study led by Drew Shindell found that methane emissions have a larger warming impact due to those interactions than accounted for in current carbon-trading schemes or in the Kyoto Protocol. And hydroxyls drive long chains of reactions involving other common gases, including ozone. Shindell et al.

Climate Change

Climate Change Climate Ozone Pollution

EPA proposes stringent new emissions standards for light-, medium-, heavy-duty vehicles for MY 2027 and beyond

Green Car Congress

APRIL 13, 2023

production of less than 5,000 vehicles per year) to transition them from the existing approach of unique case-by-case alternative standards to the primary program standards by MY 2032, recognizing that additional lead time is appropriate given their challenges in averaging across limited product lines. Criteria pollutant standards.

EPA

EPA Light Standards Emissions

Study projects net cooling of climate from ship emissions through 2050

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 9, 2012

In addition to CO 2 , other compounds such as ozone (O 3 ) precursors (nitrogen oxides (NO x =NO+NO 2 ), carbon monoxide (CO), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs)) and aerosols such as black carbon (BC) and organic carbon (OC) are emitted by ships. Of that, international shipping accounts for 83% (870 TgCO 2 yr ?1

Climate

Climate Emissions Ozone 2007

Aclima partnering with Google to map outdoor air quality with Street View vehicles

Green Car Congress

JULY 29, 2015

Google Street View cars can be equipped with Aclima’s mobile sensing platform to measure nitrogen dioxide; nitric oxide; ozone; carbon monoxide; carbon dioxide; methane; black carbon; particulate matter; and Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs). Aclima, Inc.,

Google

Google San Francisco Denver Vehicles

IPCC: GHG emissions accelerating despite mitigation efforts; major institutional and technological change required to keep the heat down

Green Car Congress

APRIL 13, 2014

Decomposition of the decadal change in total global CO 2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion by four driving factors; population, income (GDP) per capita, energy intensity of GDP and carbon intensity of energy. giga tonne carbon dioxide equivalent (GtCO 2 eq) (2.2%) per year from 2000 to 2010 compared to 0.4 Click to enlarge.

Emissions

Emissions Climate Change 2000 Climate

Study finds that environmental impact of corn-ethanol E85 is 23% to 33% higher than that of gasoline; environmental problem-shifting

Green Car Congress

MARCH 16, 2012

eutrophication; ET = ecological toxicity; FEC = fossil energy consumption; WU = water use; LO = land occupation; “The rest” includes acidification; smog formation; ozone layer depletion; and human health effects. GW = global warming; Eut. Credit: ACS, Yang et al. Click to enlarge.

Gasoline

Gasoline Water Emissions Minnesota

EPRI-NRDC report finds widespread vehicle electrification and a cleaner grid could lead to substantial cuts in GHG by 2050

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 21, 2015

The study analyzes two potential scenarios of the future electric sector, the “Base GHG” and “Lower GHG” scenarios. In the Lower GHG Scenario, further reductions in carbon emissions result from adoption of policies that apply an increasing price on carbon emissions, resulting in faster deployment of low-emission generation technologies.

EPRI

EPRI Cleaner Grid Vehicles

The New Supersonic Boom

Cars That Think

AUGUST 16, 2021

Meanwhile, environmentalists were voicing concern—about how noisy such aircraft are taking off, about the possibility that their high-altitude emissions would erode the ozone layer, and about how disruptive the sonic booms would be. Fourteen production aircraft were manufactured, but one was scrapped in 1994 and another crashed in 2000.).

Oklahoma City

Oklahoma City Ozone Oklahoma Fuel

House Chairmen Waxman, Markey Release Draft of Energy and Climate Legislation; Among the Many Provisions Are Cap-and-Trade, Harmonization of CAFE and California Vehicle Regulations, and Low Carbon Fuel Standard

Green Car Congress

APRIL 1, 2009

Among the direct transportation-related provisions in the extensive package are a low-carbon fuel standard for all transportation fuels; financial support for large scale demonstrations of electric vehicles; and financial support for automakers retooling plants to make electric vehicles. Carbon Capture and Sequestration.

Climate

Climate Standards Carbon California

California ARB soliciting research suggestions for FY 2012-2013 plan; sustainable communities, behavior, pollutant exposure, air pollution science, GHG targets

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 25, 2011

Development of sustainable communities strategies can also provide an opportunity for associated criteria pollutant emission reductions that will be needed to attain air quality standards for ozone and particulate matter as well as reduce near-roadway exposures.

Pollution

Pollution 2012 California 2013

Researchers describe the “where” and “when” of life cycle emissions from gasoline and ethanol in the US

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 11, 2012

60% of ground-level ozone (O 3 ) precursors, 6% of fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ), and 22% of greenhouse gases (GHGs) emitted. Upstream processes involved in fuel production also contribute to overall environmental impacts. the contiguous US).

Gasoline

Gasoline Emissions Gasoline-Electric Pollution

National Research Council report finds it unlikely the US will meet cellulosic biofuel mandates absent major innovation or a change in policies

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 4, 2011

The committee that wrote the report said that production of adequate volumes of biofuels are expected to meet consumption mandates for conventional biofuels and biomass-based diesel fuel. As of 2010, biofuel production was contingent on subsidies, tax credits, the import tariff, loan guarantees, RFS2, and similar policies.

Renewable

Renewable Tax Credit Conversion Standards

What is the Electric Vehicle Approved (EVA) Scheme?

Green Charging

MARCH 15, 2021

Therefore, if you intend to venture into selling motor vehicles of any kind in the UK, it is best to specialise in selling EVs as it is the future. Additionally, other mandates of this organisation include: • Improving low carbon transport- scientists have established that carbon is one of the global warming causes. Wrapping up.

Electric Vehicles

Electric Vehicles Vehicles Dealers Electric

HEI ACES study of lifetime animal exposure to New Technology Diesel Engine exhaust finds no lung cancer

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 27, 2015

In their extensive analysis of the physical and chemical composition of the emissions, McDonald and colleagues found that the most abundant pollutants were carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, NO, and NO 2. The ACES results are expected to play an important role in future risk reviews of diesel engines by international and US agencies.

Exhaust

Exhaust Diesel Engine 2007

New Comprehensive Lifecycle Energy and Emissions Inventory Includes Non-Operational Components; Large Aircraft Can Perform Better than Light Rail

Green Car Congress

JUNE 9, 2009

The fuel production component is shown in green. Mikhail Chester and Arpad Horvath inventoried on-road, rail, and air travel to determine energy consumption, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and criteria air pollutant (CAP) emissions (excluding PM, lead, and ozone due to lack of data). Chester and Horvath (2009). Click to enlarge.

Light

Light Emissions Energy Boston

The importance of considering non-exhaust traffic emissions; the role of EVs

Green Car Congress

MAY 2, 2016

The majority of the experts participating in the workshop (55%) ranked the importance of wear and suspension emission compared to exhaust emissions in the future (2020 and beyond) as dominating in terms of PM mass. The baseline was 2010 and the end of the assessment 2020. Hooftman et al. Non-exhaust emissions require active regulation.

Exhaust

Exhaust Emissions Belgium Gasoline-Electric

Volkswagen to use CO2 as refrigerant for future air conditioning systems

Green Car Congress

MARCH 8, 2013

The Volkswagen Group announced that it is choosing CO 2 as the future low global warming potential (GWP) refrigerant for its mobile air conditioning (MAC) systems. R134a replaced CFC-12 as the MAC refrigerant in the early 1990s due to the negative impact of CFCs on the Earth’s ozone layer. Earlier post.).

Future

Future CO2 Climate 2009

ARB releases proposed cap-and-trade regulation for comment; transportation fuels impacted in 2015

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 29, 2010

The cap is enforced by requiring each source that operates under the cap to turn in one allowance or offset credit for every metric ton of carbon dioxide equivalent (MTCO 2 e) that it emits. The proposed regulation anticipates future inclusion of sectoral credits based on continuing work with international partners. Offset Protocols.

2015

2015 Transportation Fuel Emissions

SCOPE Biofuels Project Releases Assessment on Environmental Effects of Biofuel Technologies

Green Car Congress

APRIL 3, 2009

Careful attention to maintaining the longterm productivity of these systems through nutrient additions (particularly potassium) is required. On the production side, options exist for improving technologies in terms of new feedstocks and conversion technologies as well as more efficient use of biomass.

Conversion

Conversion Water Emissions 2009

Abt life-cycle analysis of different Li-ion chemistries for PHEVs and EVs identifies opportunities for improving environmental profile of batteries

Green Car Congress

JUNE 30, 2013

In addition, a single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) anode technology for possible future use in these batteries was assessed. 1 Primary energy consumed during the materials processing, component, and product manufacture was combined to protect proprietary data submitted by manufacturer. Life-cycle stages.

Li-ion

Li-ion PHEV Batteries Battery

The Why, How, and Maybe Not of Geoengineering

Cars That Think

DECEMBER 16, 2022

Eliza Strickland: Man-made climate change is already reshaping our planet, and carbon emissions aren’t coming down fast enough to stave off real disaster in the decades to come. I’m Eliza Strickland, guest host for IEEE Spectrum ’s Fixing the Future podcast. Kelly, thanks so much for joining me on Fixing the Future. Transcript.

Climate

Climate IDEA Mariner Carbon

Lifecycle study finds that environmental impacts of silicon-anode Li-ion battery could be roughly comparable with conventional Li-ion battery

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 17, 2014

In particular, silicon nanowires (SiNW) are widely studied as a promising anode material for high-capacity LIBs due to its low cost of fabrication and volume production potential. Although future industrial-scale productions will be different from current lab-scales, the team noted, the fundamental mechanism and processes should be similar.

Li-ion

Li-ion Batteries Battery Milwaukee

Berkeley study identifies diesel as main source of vehicular secondary organic aerosols

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 23, 2012

The new findings contradict previous research focused on the LA Basin which concluded that gasoline vehicles contributed more to the production of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) than exhaust from diesel vehicles. The team used a chemical mass balance model to examine the contributions from each source to reactive gas-phase organic carbon.

Diesel

Diesel Los Angeles Exhaust Gasoline

National Academies Report Examines Hidden Cost of Energy Production and Use in US; Estimates $120B in 2005

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 22, 2009

A new report from the National Research Council examines and, when possible, estimates, “hidden” costs of energy production and use—such as the damage air pollution imposes on human health—that are not reflected in market prices of coal, oil, other energy sources, or the electricity and gasoline produced from them. Click to enlarge.

2005

2005 Cost Of Energy Coal

EV Driven

CSIRO study finds ozone uptake in oceans much lower than previously thought

UCL-led study finds climate impact caused by growing space industry needs urgent mitigation

UK researchers report that alcohols in windshield washer fluid are major unreported source of VOCs emissions from cars, including EVs

Study: surface ozone in India in 2005 damaged 6M tonnes of crops, enough to feed 94M people in poverty

United States and China agree to work together on phasing down HFCs

US, China, and G-20 agree to work to global phase down of HFCs

Up close and personal with Volkswagen’s e-Golf carbon offset project: Garcia River Forest

Renault makes public its lifecycle study of Fluence ICE vs Fluence EV

UN report projects that increasing use of HFCs likely to have a significant climate impact by 2050; equivalent to current total annual emissions from transport

Toyota to pioneer use of biosynthetic rubber in engine and drive system hoses

Study finds that under business-as-usual scenario, average global air quality to worsen; China, North India and Middle East are the hot spots

Study Finds Controlling Soot May Be Fastest Method to Reduce Arctic Ice Loss and Global Warming; Second-Leading Cause of Global Warming After CO2

Calif. ARB releases GHG scoping plan update; more ZEVs, “LEV IV”, MD and HD regulations; ZEV for trucks; more LCFS

NASA GISS Study Finds That Methane Has an Elevated Warming Effect Due to Interactions With Aerosols

EPA proposes stringent new emissions standards for light-, medium-, heavy-duty vehicles for MY 2027 and beyond

Study projects net cooling of climate from ship emissions through 2050

Aclima partnering with Google to map outdoor air quality with Street View vehicles

IPCC: GHG emissions accelerating despite mitigation efforts; major institutional and technological change required to keep the heat down

Study finds that environmental impact of corn-ethanol E85 is 23% to 33% higher than that of gasoline; environmental problem-shifting

EPRI-NRDC report finds widespread vehicle electrification and a cleaner grid could lead to substantial cuts in GHG by 2050

The New Supersonic Boom

House Chairmen Waxman, Markey Release Draft of Energy and Climate Legislation; Among the Many Provisions Are Cap-and-Trade, Harmonization of CAFE and California Vehicle Regulations, and Low Carbon Fuel Standard

California ARB soliciting research suggestions for FY 2012-2013 plan; sustainable communities, behavior, pollutant exposure, air pollution science, GHG targets

Researchers describe the “where” and “when” of life cycle emissions from gasoline and ethanol in the US

National Research Council report finds it unlikely the US will meet cellulosic biofuel mandates absent major innovation or a change in policies

What is the Electric Vehicle Approved (EVA) Scheme?

HEI ACES study of lifetime animal exposure to New Technology Diesel Engine exhaust finds no lung cancer

New Comprehensive Lifecycle Energy and Emissions Inventory Includes Non-Operational Components; Large Aircraft Can Perform Better than Light Rail

The importance of considering non-exhaust traffic emissions; the role of EVs

Volkswagen to use CO2 as refrigerant for future air conditioning systems

ARB releases proposed cap-and-trade regulation for comment; transportation fuels impacted in 2015

SCOPE Biofuels Project Releases Assessment on Environmental Effects of Biofuel Technologies

Abt life-cycle analysis of different Li-ion chemistries for PHEVs and EVs identifies opportunities for improving environmental profile of batteries

The Why, How, and Maybe Not of Geoengineering

Lifecycle study finds that environmental impacts of silicon-anode Li-ion battery could be roughly comparable with conventional Li-ion battery

Berkeley study identifies diesel as main source of vehicular secondary organic aerosols

National Academies Report Examines Hidden Cost of Energy Production and Use in US; Estimates $120B in 2005

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