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A study by a pair of researchers at Northwestern University found that when fuel prices drove residents of São Paulo, Brazil, to switch from ethanol to gasoline in their flexible-fuel vehicles, local ozone levels dropped 20%. Ozone levels are relatively high in São Paulo, with hourly concentrations above 75 and 125 µg m ?
They found that the increase in ozone burden due to the spatial distribution change slightly exceeds the combined influences of the increased emission magnitude and global methane. Based on their findings, they suggested that emission increases in Southeast, East and South Asia may be most important for the ozone change.
A study by researchers at the University of Texas found that in general, use of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) can lead to an increase in ozone during nighttime hours (due to decreased scavenging from both vehicles and EGU stacks) and a decrease in ozone during daytime hours.
Exposure to ozone at levels currently deemed safe by the NAAQS clean air standards can have a significant and negative effect on lung function, according to researchers at the University of California, Davis. Edward Schelegle, University of California, Davis. Earlier post.). Specifically, we found that 6.6
Researchers at the University of Colorado, Boulder and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) modeled the emissions impact had plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) replaced light duty gasoline vehicles in the Denver, Colorado area in summer 2006. Brinkman et al. For other areas, where PM2.5 Brinkman et al.
Now, researchers from Sandia National Laboratory’s Combustion Research Facility, the University of Manchester and the University of Bristol report in a paper in Science the first direct kinetics measurements made of reactions of any gas-phase Criegee intermediate, in this case formaldehyde oxide (CH 2 OO). —Welz et al.
Furthermore, myclimate accounts for other warming effects of aircraft emissions (through changes in the ozone layer, initiation of contrails, formation of cirrus clouds, etc.) Michael Sivak is the managing director of Sivak Applied Research and the former director of Sustainable Worldwide Transportation at the University of Michigan.
Researchers from Northwestern University and Princeton University have explored the impact on US air quality from an aggressive conversion of internal combustion vehicles to battery-powered electric vehicles (EVs). Across scenarios, we found the more cars that transitioned to electric power, the better for summertime ozone levels.
The University of Bremen is the scientific base of the international project known as EMeRGe (Effect of Megacities on the transport and transformation of pollutants on the Regional and Global scales). Burrows, the Principal Investigator of the mission and a professor at the Institute of Environmental Physics at the University of Bremen.
A new study led by researchers at the University of Michigan compared regulated and unregulated emissions from both light-duty passenger car (1.7 Unregulated pollutants also include ozone precursors and bioaccumulative and toxic compounds. Credit: ACS, Chin et al. Click to enlarge. L) and medium-duty (6.4
In the Tianjin study, they team fueled a four-cylinder light-duty diesel engine fueled with CFT and DF, identifying 13 individual carbonyl compounds in the exhaust. lower ozone formation potential of the carbonyl compounds present than DF under the identical operating conditions. Jakober, 2008). In addition, there was an 18.0–35.8%
Ranges in passenger occupancy can easily change the relative performance of modes, with large aircraft performing better than light rail in some of the areas investigated. Samples of the findings include: Off-peak urban diesel buses has the largest energy consumption and GHG emissions per PKT, followed by the three light-duty vehicles.
In contrast, the industrial and power sectors release many of the same gases—with a larger contribution to radiative forcing—but they also emit sulfates and other aerosols that cause cooling by reflecting light and altering clouds. “We We wanted to provide the information in a way that would be more helpful for policy makers. Unger et al.
If you want to be cooler, you would wear a light-colored shirt that would reflect the sun’s warmth. Aboard each aircraft will be a package of instruments to measure aerosol size, number, light absorption and chemical composition. Carbon is dark in color and absorbs solar radiation, much like wearing a black shirt on a sunny day.
The study, by a team of researchers from Carnegie Mellon University, University of Georgia, Aerodyne Research, California Air Resources Board (ARB), Ohio State University, UC Berkeley, and UC San Diego is published in the ACS journal Environmental Science & Technology. We estimate ozone and SOA formation potential.
For unsaturated hydrocarbons—molecules with at least one C=C double bond—a prominent removal mechanism is reaction with ozone, called ozonolysis. Earlier post.). Hydrocarbons that are emitted into Earth’s troposphere, either naturally or by humans, are removed by many reactive atmospheric species. Taatjes, Oliver Welz, Arkke J.
The report did note, however, that there are some serious questions over adverse effects with this method, particularly depletion of stratospheric ozone. Principal investigator on SPICE is Dr. Matthew Watson from the University of Bristol, who also is heading work on WP1. Earlier post.). Evaluating candidate particles.
According to a new study led by a team at Duke University, airborne particulate matter and dust are cutting solar photovoltaic energy output by more than 25% in certain parts of the world, with roughly equal contributions from ambient PM and PM deposited on photovoltaic surfaces. Credit: ACS, Bergin et al. Click to enlarge. 7b00197.
A study by researchers at Lund University in Sweden found that Swedish biofuels produce between 65 and 148% less greenhouse gas emissions than gasoline and diesel, even when direct and indirect land use changes are taken into account. Pål Börjesson, researcher in Environment and Energy Systems at Lund University. A hat-tip to John!).
The study was performed by a team from the University of California at Riverside (UCR) Bourns College of Engineering – Center for Environmental Research and Technology (CE-CERT). California currently limits the ethanol content of gasoline to 10 percent. The E10 fuels were blended together in four equal parts to create the final E10 fuel.
Researchers at the University of Toronto have found that natural sunlight triggers the release of smog-forming NO x compounds from the grime that typically coats buildings, statues and other outdoor surfaces in urban areas. Among these compounds are nitrogen oxides. Donaldson set out to test this concept in the real world.
Among the findings of the report, “HFC-134a phase-out in the Chinese light-duty motor vehicle sector”, was that, considering the social cost of CO 2 e, up to 1 trillion RMB in costs (US$150 billion) required to address climate change could be avoided through 2050 by transitioning to low-GWP alternative MACs. Cambridge University Press.
million is coming to 26 government agencies, universities, and electric utilities in Louisiana. Nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxides are precursor chemicals that, combined with sunlight, create ground-level ozone. Grants within the New Orleans area include: City of latest Orleans, five light-duty chargers, one fast charger, $95,000.
The bill also directs the President to work with the relevant Federal agencies and California to harmonize, to the maximum extent possible, the federal fuel economy standards, any emission standards promulgated by EPA, and the California standards for light-duty vehicles. light duty vehicles—e.g., Appliance Energy Efficiency.
These projects have brought together a wide variety of companies, the national laboratories, and universities. California’s and, potentially, EPA’s move toward further heavy-duty NO x reductions to meet National Ambient Air Quality Standards for ozone will be critical. These new targets need to be set for the research efforts.
Take, for example, the tens of thousands of fossil-fueled ships that chug across the ocean, spewing plumes of pollutants that contribute to acid rain, ozone depletion, respiratory ailments, and global warming. Most of our droplets are smaller than the wavelength of light, precluding non-contact measurements based on light scattering.
Long-term exposure to ambient air pollutants, especially O 3 (ozone), is significantly associated with increasing emphysema, according to a new study led by the University of Washington, Columbia University and the University at Buffalo. The annual averages of ozone levels in study areas were between about 10 and 25 ppb.
Jacobson at Stanford University. Black carbon can also absorb light reflecting from the surface, which helps make it such a potent warming agent. 1990; Anisimov, 2007] and chemical production of ozone in already-polluted locations [Jacobson, 2008b]. Dessler et al., 2008] and methane [Schutz et al., Dessler et al., 1995] and NO.
in collaboration with scientists at the University of York’s Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI); University of Colorado; and the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, assessed 30 studies of vehicle emissions under real-world driving conditions in 11 major vehicle markets representing 80% of new diesel vehicle sales in 2015.
The two other recipients are: Dr. Donald Blake, professor of chemistry, University of California Irvine. Smith, professor of global environmental health, University of California Berkeley. The Cummins CTO has consistently taken a proactive environmentally conscious position for the diesel industry throughout his career, ARB said.
Current mandates and targets for liquid biofuels should be reconsidered in light of the potential adverse environmental consequences, potential displacement or competition with food crops, and difficulty of meeting these goals without large-scale land conversion. However very few studies include water use impacts.
Up there, 10 to 50 kilometers above the Earth’s surface, ozone molecules absorb the sun’s ultraviolet light, protecting life far below. Even less is understood about the potential risks to people and the environment—could the particles deplete the ozone layer, for example, or significantly alter the weather? about 0.6 °C.
In a small set of close-cropped teaser photos, Kia showed that the production EV3 preserves many of the same bold design traits and so-called Star Map lighting theme as the concept. While recent EPA emissions rules for passenger cars and commercial trucks will help clean up particle pollution, ozone pollution remains a challenge.
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