Coal, Hybrid and Miles

CMU study finds that coal retirement is needed for EVs to reduce air pollution

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 12, 2016

Electric vehicles charged in coal-heavy regions can create more human health and environmental damages from life cycle air emissions than gasoline vehicles, according to a new consequential life cycle analysis by researchers from Carnegie Mellon University.

Coal

Coal Pollution Grid Gasoline-Electric

Hybrid Kinetic H600 microturbine range-extended electric vehicle concept runs 0-100 km/h in 2.9 seconds

Green Car Congress

MARCH 20, 2017

At the Geneva Auto Show, the China-based Hybrid Kinetic group unveiled the H600 microturbine range-extended electric vehicle sedan concept, produced together with its vehicle design and engineering partner, Pininfarina. Range is more than 1,000 kilometers (621 miles). of the ICE vehicles, respectively, HKG said.

Pininfarina

Pininfarina Concept Electric Vehicles Hybrid

Tsinghua University provincial-level lifecycle study finds fuel-cycle criteria pollutants of EVs in China could be up to 5x those of natural gas vehicles due to China’s coal-dominant power mix

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 12, 2013

In regions where the share of coal-based electricity is relatively low, EVs can achieve substantial GHG reduction, the team reports in a paper in the ACS journal Environmental Science & Technology. According to the 12 th Five-Year Plan of the China Coal Industry (2011?2015) Earlier post.]

Coal

Coal Pollution China Gas

FCA says Jeep Wrangler environmental impact reduced by 15% compared to predecessor

Green Car Congress

MAY 12, 2020

Determinations are based on 150,000 miles of operation. tons of coal burned in a power-generation plant. liter turbocharged I-4 that features FCA’s eTorque mild-hybrid technology. These factors include: the environmental impact of fuel production and delivery; material use; and the vehicle’s own fuel consumption.

Jeep

Jeep MPG 2020 Fuel Economy

UC Riverside opening Sustainable Integrated Grid Initiative; integration of solar energy, battery storage and electric and hybrid vehicles

Green Car Congress

MAY 15, 2014

The University of California, Riverside is opening its Sustainable Integrated Grid Initiative to research the integration of: intermittent renewable energy, such as photovoltaic solar panels; energy storage, such as batteries; and all types of electric and hybrid electric vehicles. Two megawatt-hours of battery energy storage.

Grid

Grid Solar Energy Energy Storage

Chicago Area Clean Cities names American Lung Association 2017 Clean Fuels Champion

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 8, 2017

The American Lung Association oversees the Clean Air Choice program throughout the United States promoting alternative renewable fuels such as biodiesel and E85, partnering with fleets to replace legacy diesel engines, and by supporting the clean-air advantages of electric and hybrid vehicles. —Harold P. Upstream GHG emissions.

Chicago

Chicago Clean Cleaning 2017

EIA projects decline in transportation sector energy consumption through 2037 despite increase in VMT, followed by increase

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 28, 2019

For the Transportation sector, EIA projects that energy consumption will decline between 2019 and 2037 (in the Reference case) because increases in fuel economy more than offset growth in vehicle miles traveled (VMT). Light-duty vehicle miles traveled increases by 20% in the Reference case, growing from 2.9 trillion miles in 2018 to 3.5

Transportation

Transportation Energy Fuel Economy 2018

JEC updates well-to-wheels study on automotive fuels and powertrains; electro-mobility, natural gas and biofuels

Green Car Congress

MARCH 27, 2014

WTW energy expended and GHG emissions for conventional fuels ICE and hybrid vehicles shows the potential for improvement of conventional fuels and ICE based vehicles. It adds an assessment of electrically chargeable vehicle configurations, such as plug-in hybrid, range extended, battery and fuel-cell electric vehicles. Earlier post.).

Gas

Gas Fuel Gas-Electric Gasoline-Electric

Swiss WTW study finds important role for alternative fuels as well as alt drivetrains in move to low-emissions vehicles

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 3, 2014

WTW energy demand and GHG emissions for EV and PHEV drivetrains for various electricity sources; gasoline ICE vehicle is solid square, hybrid the hollow square. Included in the analysis are fuel cell, electric, hybrid-electric and conventional ICE drivetrains; energy carriers include gasoline, diesel, CNG, biogas, hydrogen and electricity.

Alternative Fuels

Alternative Fuels Emissions Fuel Switzerland

ExxonMobil projects 25% energy demand increase between 2014-2040, 50% decline in carbon intensity; hybrids to be 40% of new car sales

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 25, 2016

ExxonMobil forecasts that by 2040, one of every four cars on the world’s roads will be a hybrid; conventional cars (primarily gasoline-powered) will still remain most popular to 2040. The share of the world’s electricity generated by coal is expected to fall to about 30% in 2040 from approximately 40% in 2014.

2014

2014 Carbon Energy Fuel Economy

EIA: light duty vehicle energy consumption to drop 25% by 2040; increased oil production, vehicle efficiency reduce US oil and liquid imports

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 16, 2013

As a result, annual increases in vehicle miles traveled (VMT) in LDVs average 0.9% The fuel economy of gasoline-powered LDVs continues to increase, and advanced technology fuel efficiency subsystems are added, such as micro hybridization, which is installed on 42% of gasoline LDVs in 2040. from 2012 to 2040, compared to 1.2%

Oil

Oil Light Energy Vehicles

Energy Secretary Chu says US faces a new Sputnik Moment in Chinas clean energy successes

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 29, 2010

gigawatts to Shanghai from a hydroelectric plant nearly 1,300 miles (808 miles) away in southwestern China. Advanced Coal Technologies. Secretary Chu detailed a number of promising research efforts supported by the Department of Energy now underway, including: 500-mile EV batteries. High Speed Rail. Renewable Energy.

Energy

Energy China Clean Cleaning

ExxonMobil predicts peak in light-duty vehicle liquid fuels ~2030, but ongoing role for oil in the mix

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 5, 2018

At the same time, total miles traveled per year by cars, sport utility vehicles (SUVs) and light trucks will increase about 60%, reaching about 14 trillion in 2040. As personal mobility increases, average new-car fuel economy (including SUVs and light trucks) will improve as well, rising from about 30 miles per gallon (7.83

Light

Light Oil Fuel Vehicles

UCS analysis finds Hyundai-Kia with best sales-weighted new vehicle environmental performance in US in 2013

Green Car Congress

MAY 27, 2014

The company also showed strong improvements in GHG emissions due to its increased use of hybrids and its focus on smaller, turbocharged engines in vehicles ranging from the Ford Focus sedan to the F-150. To develop the ranking, UCS averaged the per-mile emissions for each light-duty vehicle sold by each automaker. Source: UCS.

2013

2013 Kia Hyundai Sale

How EVs Are Helping Humanity & Saving Lives?

Get Electric Vehicle

FEBRUARY 27, 2024

They are not only used for personal commuting, but they are also being used in agriculture, public transportation, last-mile operation and even in firefighting. Courier companies are already using EVs for their last-mile operations very extensively. renewable energy consumption has just overtaken coal. But the good news?

Petrol

Petrol Pollution Gasoline-Electric Diesel

BNEF: Oil price plunge to have only moderate impact on low-carbon electricity development, but likely to slow EV growth

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 22, 2014

With oil at $100/barrel, the replacement of these generators or their hybridization with renewables was just beginning to take off. Improvements in gas mileage and reductions in miles driven per person have had more impact on cutting US oil imports than unconventional production. The US economy has grown by 8.9%

Oil Prices

Oil Prices Oil Price Carbon

ORNL study finds best current use of natural gas for cars is efficient production of electricity for EVs

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 24, 2014

If CNG were to be eventually used in hybrids, the advantage of the electric generation/EV option shrinks. The ORNL team analyzed two categories of vehicles: current vehicles as well as future technologies that are not currently in the market but are conceptually valid—for example, CNG hybrid electric concepts.

Gas-Electric

Gas-Electric Gas Fuel Economy PHEV

EIA Energy Outlook 2013 reference case sees drop in fossil fuel consumption as use of petroleum-based liquid fuels falls; projects 20% higher sales of hybrids and PHEVs than AEO2012

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 5, 2012

Increased sales for hybrids and PHEVs. Despite the projected increase in LDV miles traveled, energy consumption for LDVs further decreases after 2025, to 13.0 Reductions in battery electric vehicles are offset by increased sales of hybrid and plug-in hybrid vehicles, which grow to about 1.3 quadrillion Btu in 2011 to 14.0

Fuel

Fuel Energy Sale 2013

MIT, Ford researchers find lightweight conventional vehicles could have lower lifecycle GHG impact than EVs depending upon location

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 28, 2019

In fact, for the midsized cars considered in our analysis, model results suggest that aluminum lightweight vehicles with a combustion engine would have similar emissions to hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) in about 25% of the counties in the US and lower than battery electric vehicles (BEVs) in 20% of counties.

MIT

MIT Ford Vehicles Gasoline-Electric

EIA Energy Outlook 2011 more than doubles estimates of US shale gas resources; higher production at lower prices

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 17, 2010

It also updated the costs and sizes of electric and plug-in hybrid electric batteries and revised downward light-duty vehicle travel demand due to the adoption of a new estimation technique. Coal remains the dominant energy source for electricity generation because of continued reliance on existing coal-fired plants.

Gas

Gas 2011 Price Energy

CMU study finds that HEVs and PHEVs with small battery packs offer more emissions and oil displacement benefits per dollar spent than large pack PHEVs and BEVs; policy implications

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 27, 2011

Strategies to promote adoption of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) with small battery packs offer more social benefits (i.e., average electricity grid mix, hydroelectric is assumed to be a zero emission source, while coal is a higher emission source). Michalek et al. Click to enlarge.

PHEV

PHEV Oil Emissions Batteries

Must Read 40+ Electric Vehicle Interview Questions & Answers

Get Electric Vehicle

JUNE 7, 2023

2 Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs): PHEVs combine an electric motor with an internal combustion engine. They have a larger battery pack than traditional hybrid vehicles, which can be charged by plugging into an external power source. Electricity is usually cheaper than gasoline or diesel on a per-mile basis.

Electric Vehicles

Electric Vehicles Vehicles Electric Electrical

Renewable-methanol fueled Geely cars in fleet testing in Iceland; 70% reduction in WTW CO2 compared to gasoline

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 12, 2017

In the recently concluded first phase of the fleet test, the cars were driven roughly 150,000 kilometers (93,000 miles). According to Sigurbjörnsson, the data collected supports the conclusion that methanol fueled cars will also be economically competitive with both fossil fueled cars, hybrids and electric cars.

Iceland

Iceland CO2 Gasoline Renewable

Plug-In Hybrids (or Plugin Hybrids)

Tony Karrer Delicious EVdriven

APRIL 21, 2009

About CalCars Plug-In Hybrids FAQ How to Get a PHEV Where PHEVs are Car-Makers Say. 2 Plug-in hybrids are cleaner 3 Plug-in hybrids are cheaper 4 Plug-in hybrids are domestic 5 Plug-in hybrids already exist 1. What Are Plug-In Hybrids? We can achieve that -- today -- with a plug-in hybrid (PHEV).

Plug-in

Plug-in Plugin Plug Hybrid

EIA AEO2015 projects elimination of net US energy imports in 2020-2030 timeframe; transportation energy consumption drops

Green Car Congress

APRIL 14, 2015

Rising long-term natural gas prices, the high capital costs of new coal and nuclear generation capacity, state-level policies, and cost reductions for renewable generation in a market characterized by relatively slow electricity demand growth favor increased use of renewables. Renewables meet much of the growth in electricity demand.

2020

2020 Energy Transportation Oil Prices

Feature: Top 6 Reasons Why an EV Is the Right Choice

Clean Fleet Report

JUNE 15, 2021

A hybrid electric vehicle , as they are also commonly known, uses an electrical drive technology and applies regenerative braking, recovering the energy normally lost while braking. The vehicles use electricity produced from nuclear power, coal, natural gas or solar energy. High Torque. High Resale Values.

Tax Credit

Tax Credit Maintenance Affordable Tax

Why EVs Aren't a Climate Change Panacea

Cars That Think

JANUARY 28, 2023

Greenpeace , on the other hand, argues that sales of all diesel and petrol vehicles, including hybrids, must end by 2030 to meet such a target. In states (or countries ) with a high proportion of coal-generated electricity, the miles needed to break-even climb more. For the U.S.

Climate Change

Climate Change Climate San Diego Emissions

DOE reports progress on development of low-carbon and renewable sources of hydrogen production

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 21, 2014

The objective of the Hydrogen Production sub-program is to reduce the cost of hydrogen dispensed at the pump to a cost that is competitive on a cents-per-mile basis with competing vehicle technologies. The Office of Nuclear Energy (NE) is currently collaborating with EERE on a study of nuclear-renewable hybrid energy systems.

Hydrogen

Hydrogen Renewable Carbon Production

Study: even with high LDV electrification, low-carbon biofuels will be necessary to meet 80% GHG reduction target; “daunting” policy implications

Green Car Congress

JULY 3, 2015

They found that with high rates of electrification (40% of miles traveled) the petroleum-reduction benchmark could be satisfied, even with high travel demand growth. The researchers also considered intermediate (20% electric-powered miles) electrification—halfway between the high and low.

Carbon

Carbon EPRI Climate Gasoline-Electric

PHEV's and Water Consumption

Plug In Partners

APRIL 2, 2008

Water Supply, Researcher Says By Jennifer Bogo Popular Mechanics March 7, 2008 "A 30-mile commute in a gasoline-powered car would require the withdrawal of 18.9 The same commute in a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV), meanwhile, would take a whopping 318 gallons. But wait, aren’t PHEVs the environmentally friendly choice ? “If

Water

Water PHEV Saudi Arabia Oil-Sands

The 80-20 Rule

Plug In Partners

JULY 18, 2008

But in the case of the PHEV , the logic goes something like this: Roughly 80% of our daily trips are under 35 miles. Fueling a car on gasoline made from coal (Coal-To-Liquids or CTL) emits twice as much greenhouse gas as gasoline from crude oil. Why is fueling a PHEV from coal electricity better than gasoline ?

EPRI

EPRI Li-ion Ni-Li PHEV

Roskill: graphite prices could push higher on tightening markets for batteries & electrodes

Green Car Congress

MAY 18, 2018

First, environmental plant closures in the raw material coal needle coke industry hampered the production of graphite electrodes. Roskill forecasts that global sales of EVs and hybrid vehicles will increase rapidly in the coming years and could account for 69% of all motor vehicle sales by 2027.

Price

Price Market Lithium Ion Batteries

CMU county-level study shows plug-ins have larger or smaller lifecycle GHG than gasoline ICE depending on regional factors

Green Car Congress

APRIL 9, 2016

The team from Carnegie Mellon University led by Dr. Jeremy Michalek accounted for regional differences in emissions due to marginal grid mix; ambient temperature; patterns of vehicle miles traveled (VMT); and driving conditions (city versus highway). Their open-access paper is published in the journal Environmental Research Letters.

Gasoline

Gasoline Plug-in Prius Plug

China Plucky Plug In

Plug In Partners

JANUARY 11, 2008

E ven as the President of Honda says he doesn't think that Plug-ins make sense, a new car company in China announces their plans to build one and Hyundai says it is considering developing a plug-in hybrid car. China's Plucky Plug-In Hybrid BYD's car hits the stage at the Detroit auto show—but will it really be ready to roll this summer?

Plug-in

Plug-in Plug China BYD

California Air Resources Board Pushes for Restoration of DOE Funding for Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles; Tackles the Four Miracles

Green Car Congress

JUNE 19, 2009

In volume production, FCVs are expected to be cost competitive with other advanced vehicles, and are approaching the cost of advanced hybrid system even with current designs and high costs of materials. million miles in real-world testing, ARB staff noted. million miles in real-world testing, ARB staff noted.

Hydrogen

Hydrogen Fuel California Vehicles

President Obama Asks Congress for Carbon Cap Legislation; to Spend $15B per Year on Energy Technologies

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 25, 2009

New plug-in hybrids roll off our assembly lines, but they will run on batteries made in Korea. We will soon lay down thousands of miles of power lines that can carry new energy to cities and towns across this country. And yet, it is China that has launched the largest effort in history to make their economy energy efficient.

Congress

Congress Obama Carbon Energy

ARPA-E Selects 37 Projects for $106M in Funding in Second Round; Electrofuels, Better Batteries and Carbon Capture

Green Car Congress

APRIL 30, 2010

This project seeks to combine the enzymes from a novel carbon fixation cycle in an extremophilic microbe termed an archaeon that grows optimally near 75°C with the hydrogen utilizing hydrogenase enzyme from another extremophilic archaeon to construct a hybrid enzymatic pathway. Batteries for Electrical Energy Storage in Transportation.

Carbon

Carbon Batteries Battery Li-ion

Green Star to Demonstrate Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle

Tony Karrer Delicious EVdriven

APRIL 30, 2009

Search Results for Google April 29, 2009 09:40 AM Eastern Daylight Time Green Star to Demonstrate Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle FRANKFORT, Ky.--( BUSINESS WIRE )--Green Star Products, Inc. OTC: GSPI) announced today that within the next four weeks it plans to publicly test its plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV).

Plug-in

Plug-in Green Plug Electric Vehicles

Researchers find Nissan LEAF creates less CO2 than Toyota Prius hybrid in west US and Texas, but more in N. Midwest

Green Car Congress

JULY 1, 2015

Regionally specific lifecycle CO 2 emissions per mile traveled for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) and battery electric vehicles (BEVs) in the US can vary widely based on grid emission factors (i.e., Under some conditions, the battery electric Nissan LEAF can produce higher emissions than a Toyota Prius hybrid.

Prius

Prius Nissan Toyota Texas

NRC report concludes US LDVs could cut oil consumption and GHGs by 80% by 2050; reliance on plug-ins, biofuels and hydrogen; strong policies mandatory

Green Car Congress

MARCH 18, 2013

In addition, the analysis took into account sector-wide effects such as consumer preferences and potential changes in vehicle miles traveled (VMT). Hybrid LDVs might reach 94 mpg (2.5 Therefore, battery pack costs in 2050 for a 100-mile real-world travel range are expected to drop by a factor of about 5. l/100 km) by 2050.

Hydrogen

Hydrogen Oil Plug-in Fuel Economy

VW Chief Executive Says Company Will Introduce EVs Based on the Up! New Small Family in 2013; Cautions Against Electro-Hype

Green Car Congress

JULY 4, 2009

Volkswagen had begun exploring hybrid and electric drive technology in the 1990s. VW, Daimler subsidiary Daug and Varta developed a NimH battery in the early 90s, and the VW group put the Audi duo hybrid on the road in 1997. Does it ever make sense ecologically to operate a car with power from a coal-fired plant? Earlier post.).

2013

2013 Companies Gas-Electric Recharge

Megawatt Mileage

Plug In Partners

DECEMBER 14, 2006

. – If all the cars and light trucks in the nation switched from oil to electrons, idle capacity in the existing electric power system could generate most of the electricity consumed by plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. The added electricity would come from a combination of coal-fired and natural gas-fired plants.

PHEV

PHEV Oil Gasoline-Electric Plug-in

Volt for Real?

Plug In Partners

MAY 23, 2007

The Volt is the plug-in hybrid car GM showed at last January’s Detroit Auto Show. The Volt , provided GM can get the lithium battery right , will go about 40 miles on an electric charge. But I can’t help thinking that this technology will make the current crop of hybrids like the Toyota Prius and Ford Escape look like Ford Excursions.

Volt

Volt GM Saturn Cleaner

Using the PHEV (Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle) to Transition Society Seamlessly and Profitably From Fossil Fuel to 100% Renewable Energy

Green Car Congress

JULY 17, 2015

The PHEV (Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle), a subset of the electric car, combines a primary electric motor with a much smaller back-up engine fueled with a hydrocarbon/biofuel mix. (In In this paper PHEV refers solely to the long-range PHEV of 60 miles (100 km) electric-only range.) About Dr. Frank. Engineering Advantages of the PHEV.

PHEV

PHEV Plug-in Renewable Energy

CMU study finds that coal retirement is needed for EVs to reduce air pollution

Hybrid Kinetic H600 microturbine range-extended electric vehicle concept runs 0-100 km/h in 2.9 seconds

Tsinghua University provincial-level lifecycle study finds fuel-cycle criteria pollutants of EVs in China could be up to 5x those of natural gas vehicles due to China’s coal-dominant power mix

FCA says Jeep Wrangler environmental impact reduced by 15% compared to predecessor

UC Riverside opening Sustainable Integrated Grid Initiative; integration of solar energy, battery storage and electric and hybrid vehicles

Chicago Area Clean Cities names American Lung Association 2017 Clean Fuels Champion

EIA projects decline in transportation sector energy consumption through 2037 despite increase in VMT, followed by increase

JEC updates well-to-wheels study on automotive fuels and powertrains; electro-mobility, natural gas and biofuels

Swiss WTW study finds important role for alternative fuels as well as alt drivetrains in move to low-emissions vehicles

ExxonMobil projects 25% energy demand increase between 2014-2040, 50% decline in carbon intensity; hybrids to be 40% of new car sales

EIA: light duty vehicle energy consumption to drop 25% by 2040; increased oil production, vehicle efficiency reduce US oil and liquid imports

Energy Secretary Chu says US faces a new Sputnik Moment in Chinas clean energy successes

ExxonMobil predicts peak in light-duty vehicle liquid fuels ~2030, but ongoing role for oil in the mix

UCS analysis finds Hyundai-Kia with best sales-weighted new vehicle environmental performance in US in 2013

How EVs Are Helping Humanity & Saving Lives?

BNEF: Oil price plunge to have only moderate impact on low-carbon electricity development, but likely to slow EV growth

ORNL study finds best current use of natural gas for cars is efficient production of electricity for EVs

EIA Energy Outlook 2013 reference case sees drop in fossil fuel consumption as use of petroleum-based liquid fuels falls; projects 20% higher sales of hybrids and PHEVs than AEO2012

MIT, Ford researchers find lightweight conventional vehicles could have lower lifecycle GHG impact than EVs depending upon location

EIA Energy Outlook 2011 more than doubles estimates of US shale gas resources; higher production at lower prices

CMU study finds that HEVs and PHEVs with small battery packs offer more emissions and oil displacement benefits per dollar spent than large pack PHEVs and BEVs; policy implications

Must Read 40+ Electric Vehicle Interview Questions & Answers

Renewable-methanol fueled Geely cars in fleet testing in Iceland; 70% reduction in WTW CO2 compared to gasoline

Plug-In Hybrids (or Plugin Hybrids)

EIA AEO2015 projects elimination of net US energy imports in 2020-2030 timeframe; transportation energy consumption drops

Feature: Top 6 Reasons Why an EV Is the Right Choice

Why EVs Aren't a Climate Change Panacea

DOE reports progress on development of low-carbon and renewable sources of hydrogen production

Study: even with high LDV electrification, low-carbon biofuels will be necessary to meet 80% GHG reduction target; “daunting” policy implications

PHEV's and Water Consumption

The 80-20 Rule

Roskill: graphite prices could push higher on tightening markets for batteries & electrodes

CMU county-level study shows plug-ins have larger or smaller lifecycle GHG than gasoline ICE depending on regional factors

China Plucky Plug In

California Air Resources Board Pushes for Restoration of DOE Funding for Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles; Tackles the Four Miracles

President Obama Asks Congress for Carbon Cap Legislation; to Spend $15B per Year on Energy Technologies

ARPA-E Selects 37 Projects for $106M in Funding in Second Round; Electrofuels, Better Batteries and Carbon Capture

Green Star to Demonstrate Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle

Researchers find Nissan LEAF creates less CO2 than Toyota Prius hybrid in west US and Texas, but more in N. Midwest

NRC report concludes US LDVs could cut oil consumption and GHGs by 80% by 2050; reliance on plug-ins, biofuels and hydrogen; strong policies mandatory

VW Chief Executive Says Company Will Introduce EVs Based on the Up! New Small Family in 2013; Cautions Against Electro-Hype

Megawatt Mileage

Volt for Real?

Using the PHEV (Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle) to Transition Society Seamlessly and Profitably From Fossil Fuel to 100% Renewable Energy

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