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Brazil, which was undergoing rapid industrialization, sought a stable, renewable energy source to reduce its dependence on fossil fuels. In 2006 and 2007, it was expanded to 14 GW with the addition of two more units, for a total of 20. The agreement granted both countries equal ownership of the dam and its power generation.
for year 2007. A new black carbon (BC) emissions inventory from China found BC emissions levels in 2007 of 1,957 Gg BC—higher than reported in earlier studies. Black carbon is released into the atmosphere via incomplete combustion of carbonaceous fuel and is of major concern because of the impact on climate systems.
Researchers from SRI International (SRI) are developing a methane-and-coal-to-liquids process that consumes negligible amounts of water and does not generate carbon dioxide. FTS produces only a small fraction of the hydrocarbons needed for fuel and requires extensive recycling. Click to enlarge. per gallons vs. $2.14.
The US Department of Energy (DOE) in partnership with the US Air Force has issued a request for information (RFI)— DE-FOA-0000981 —on research & development aimed at greenhouse gas emissions reductions and cost competitiveness of Mil-Spec jet fuel production using coal-to-liquid (CTL) fuel technologies.
With the exception of 2010, emissions have declined every year since 2007. The largest drop in emissions in 2012 came from coal, which is used almost exclusively for electricity generation. The researchers estimated costs for both types of plants over a wide range of fuel prices and under both existing and pending emissions standards.
below the 2007 total, according to the just-released report by the US Energy Information Administration, Emissions of Greenhouse Gases in the United States 2008. million metric tons carbon dioxide equivalent (MMTCO 2 e) in 2007 to 7,052.6 Most of the increase came from coal mining and from natural gas production and processing.
Estimated consumption subsidies, industrial and developing countries, fossil fuels and renewables. Fossil fuel subsidies continue to far outweigh support for renewable energy, according to new research conducted for the Worldwatch Institute’s Vital Signs Online service. GSI: Fuel Subsidies in India. Source: Worldwatch.
US electric power sector CO 2 emissions have declined 28% since 2005 because of slower electricity demand growth and changes in the mix of fuels used to generate electricity, according to the US Energy Information Administration (EIA). In 2016, natural gas generation surpassed coal as the largest source of electricity generation.
The Clean Coal Task Force (CCTF) was created in 2007 by the Wyoming State Legislature to help secure Wyoming’s financial future by preserving the value of coal, an important export from the state. The newly approved projects will receive $8,769,713, the largest single annual funding in the history of the fund.
Underground coal gasification uses paired wells in a coal seam: one an oxidant injection well, the other the syngas producer well. CIRI), an Alaska Native corporation, is proposing an underground coal gasification (UCG) project that would use the resulting syngas to fuel a new 100 MW combined cycle power plant.
The California Energy Commission approved an $8-million grant to Equilon Enterprises—a fully owned subsidiary of Shell Oil—to develop a high-capacity hydrogen fueling station to service and promote the expansion of zero-emission fuel cell electric Class 8 drayage trucks at the Port of Long Beach.
The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has proposed Clean Air Act standards to reduce CO 2 emissions from fossil-fuel fired power plants (electric utility generating units, EGUs). The proposed rulemaking establishes separate standards for natural gas and coal plants. Background. In the decision in Massachusetts v.
Headwaters direct coal liquefaction process. Headwaters Inc and Axens are forming a strategic alliance to provide a single-source solution for producing synthetic fuels by direct coal liquefaction (DCL) alone or in combination with refinery residues or biomass. Up to 50% more liquid product per ton of coal.
Natural gas will play a leading role in reducing greenhouse-gas emissions over the next several decades, largely by replacing older, inefficient coal plants with highly efficient combined-cycle gas generation, according to a major new interim report out from MIT. The first two reports dealt with nuclear power (2003) and coal (2007).
Ceres recently released a new report concluding that coal-to-liquid (CTL) and oil shale technologies face significant environmental and financial obstacles—from water constraints, to technological uncertainties to regulatory and market risks—that pose substantial financial risks for investors involved in such projects.
First, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) finalized the Renewable Fuel Standard Program (RFS2) rule to implement the long-term renewable fuels standard of 36 billion gallons by 2022 established by Congress and also issued the targets for 2010. Renewable Fuels Standard (RFS2). President Obama.
The US Department of Energy (DOE) has granted Reaction Design one of seven awards for a project intended to support the full-scale implementation and operation of highly efficient coal-based power generation technologies with near-zero emissions. Reaction Design also leads the Model Fuels Consortium. Earlier post.). Earlier post.).
Overall, US energy-related CO 2 emissions have fallen 15% from their peak of 6,003 MMmt in 2007. In 2019, CO 2 emissions from petroleum fuels—nearly half of which are associated with motor gasoline consumption—fell by 0.8%, and CO 2 emissions from the use of natural gas increased by 3.3%.
However, even before the effects of COVID-19 became apparent in mid-March, EIA had expected a decline in 2020 energy-related emissions, generally consistent with the trend of lower US CO 2 emissions since their peak in 2007. Energy Information Administration, Short-Term Energy Outlook (STEO).
Estimates of potential for gasoline consumption reduction in the US light duty fleet in 2020 and 2035 relative to 2007. Improvements result from an optimistic scenario achieving doubling of new vehicle fuel economy in 2035 from today’s value. Developing technologies for the conversion of biomass and coal-to-liquid fuels.
In 2009, the carbon intensity of the electric power sector decreased by nearly 4.3%, primarily due to fuel switching as the price of coal rose 6.8% Increased use of natural gas in place of coal caused the sector’s carbon intensity to decrease. due to an accompanying 3% drop in the carbon intensity of the fuels used.
Among medium- and heavy-trucks, Class 8 trucks are the largest CO 2 emitters and fuel users, consuming two-thirds of all truck fuel, or 1.57 Current fuel economy for Class 8 trucks is estimated by the US Department of Energy at 6.0 per gallon of diesel fuel, and assumed that the annual mileage declines as the vehicle ages.
million) toward a $30-million underground coal gasification (UCG) project with Swan Hills Synfuels of Calgary. Swan Hills Synfuels expects the project to demonstrate the ability to manufacture synthetic gas from Alberta’s coal resources, with the future potential of utilizing the coal seams for carbon capture and storage.
These synthetic fuels are economically competitive with petro-diesel when the crude oil price (COP) is at or above $86 per barrel (based on a 20% rate of return, in January 2008 dollars, with a carbon price of zero). The study used one feedstock of each type—bituminous coal and switchgrass—to evaluate the CTL/CBTL/BTL processes.
The decrease in total greenhouse gas emissions between 2016 and 2017 was driven in part by a decrease in CO 2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion. above 1990 levels in 2007. CO 2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion in 2017. Relative to the 1990 baseline, gross emissions in 2017 were higher by 1.6%, down from a high of 15.7%
TGC plans to tap into its 1,000-mile utility pipeline system at key locations to separate the hydrogen from the stream through Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) technology for use by local fueling stations for fuel cell vehicles. The Hawaii infrastructure could eventually support tens of thousands of fuel cell vehicles.
In contrast to the “green light” for coal-to-NG substitution for power generation, the authors suggest that climate benefits from vehicle fuel substitution are uncertain (gasoline, light-duty) or improbable (diesel, heavy-duty). —Brandt et al.
and SGCE have been working together since 2007 under a memorandum of understanding. Under the terms of the JDA, SGCE will have lead responsibility for commercializing the Group’s FT technology for BTL, WTL and Coal-to-Liquids applications. Tags: Biomass-to-Liquids (BTL) Catalysts Fuels. Earlier post.).
In terms of carbon monoxide (CO) emissions during the operation of the vehicle, a significant improvement was achieved over the 2007 predecessor. Where energy resources are concerned, lignite, hard coal and uranium figure principally in car production. mpg) at the time of the market launch in 2007 or from between 6.4
The proposed rule would apply only to new fossil-fuel-fired electric utility generating units (EGUs); plants currently operating or new permitted plants that begin construction over the next 12 months are exempt. continental areas, which include Hawaii and the territories; and new units that do not burn fossil fuels (e.g., on controls.
EIA’s AEO2012 projects a continued decline in US imports of liquid fuels due to increased production of gas liquids and biofuels and greater fuel efficiency. Net petroleum imports as a share of total US liquid fuels consumed drop from 49% in 2010 to 38% in 2020 and 36% in 2035 in AEO2012. million barrels per day in 2007 to 5.5
Eastman originally bought the plant in 2007 for a $1.6-billion billion coal-gasification project, but called off the project in late 2009 due to high capital requirements, the narrow difference between petroleum and natural gas prices and uncertain US energy policy. Click to enlarge. NRC comparison of F-T and MTG. Source: EMRE.
The European Community’s air pollutant emission inventory report released by the European Environment Agency finds that in 2007, sulphur oxides (SO x ) emissions were down by 72 % from 1990 levels. EU-27 emissions of all four pollutants were lower in 2007 than in 2006.
Further, the fossil fuel share of primary energy consumption falls from 82% in 2011 to 78% in 2040 as consumption of petroleum-based liquid fuels falls, largely because of the incorporation of new fuel efficiency standards for light-duty vehicles. Renewable fuel use grows at a much faster rate than fossil fuel use.
Health and other non-climate damages by life-cycle component for different combinations of fuels and light-duty automobiles in 2005 (top) and 2030 (bottom). Damages are expressed in cents per VMT (2007 USD). Damages from motor vehicles and fuels. Source: “Hidden Costs of Energy”. Click to enlarge. Click to enlarge.
Qatar Airways, Qatar Science & Technology Park (QSTP) and Qatar Petroleum (QP) will jointly carry out engineering, economic analysis and move into the development of renewable biojet fuel that will also look into ways for production and supply, with the support of Airbus. All of these are known as xTL fuels. Earlier post.)
Removing fossil fuel subsidies would have only a small effect on CO 2 emissions and renewable energy use, according to a new study led by the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) and published in the journal Nature. That means that in some cases the removal of subsidies causes a switch to more emissions-intensive coal.
CleanFUEL USA, a leading supplier of alternative fuel infrastructure and propane engine systems, will build and certify a multi-purpose 8-liter General Motors (GM) propane engine in partnership with Freightliner Custom Chassis Corporation (FCCC), a subsidiary of Daimler Trucks North America. Renewable propane.
In 2007, GE and BP formed a global alliance to jointly develop and deploy technology for at least five IGCC power plants that could significantly reduce carbon dioxide emissions from electricity generation. The technology proposed for the Hydrogen Energy California plant would convert petroleum coke, coal or a combination of each into syngas.
The increase from 2012 to 2013 was due to an increase in the carbon intensity of fuels consumed to generate electricity due to an increase in coal consumption, with decreased natural gas consumption, according to the report. Commercial aircraft emissions increased slightly between 2012 and 2013, but have decreased 18% since 2007.
The International Institute for Sustainable Development’s Geneva-based Global Subsidies Initiative ( GSI ) has issued a five-part series of reports into how nations might remove fossil-fuel subsidies, on the eve of a meeting of G20 finance ministers in Washington this week. The Politics of Fossil-Fuel Subsidies (Victor, 2009).
Global CO 2 emissions from fossil fuel use and cement production reached a new all-time high in 2013, according to the annual report “Trends in global CO2 emissions”, released by PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency and the European Joint Research Centre (JRC). in 2013, increasing its share in transport fuels by 0.3
The project is slated to be the first plant in the US to produce Fischer-Tropsch GTL transportation fuels and other products from natural gas, according to Sasol. billion barrels of liquid fuels and chemicals from coal and natural gas. High temperature iron, for Secunda fuels and chemicals production. Source: Sasol.
Under the scheme, around 500 of the largest emitters in Australia—facilities that have direct greenhouse gas emissions of 25,000 tonnes of CO 2 -equivalent per year or more (excluding emissions from transport fuels and some synthetic greenhouse gases)—will need to buy and surrender to the Government a permit for every tonne they produce.
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