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A new report by the European Commission’s Joint Research Centre (JRC) provides a comprehensive overview of methodologies for estimating air emissions from shipping; describes technological solutions; and analyses policy options for reducing carbon emissions and air pollution in this sector. —JRC Reference Report.
As part of the Horizon 2020 research project CARES (City Air Remote Emission Sensing), an international research consortium is working on new contactless exhaust measurement methods that will enable municipalities to take emission-reducing measures. ICCT (International Council on Clean Transportation; DE). Airyx Gmbh (DE).
Under its pollution prevention treaty (MARPOL), the International Maritime Organization (IMO) adopted mandatory measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from international shipping: the Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) and the Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan (SEEMP). Regulatory background. Background Data.
Babies in strollers can be exposed to up to ~60% higher average concentrations of pollution than their parents, causing potential damage to their frontal lobe and impacting on their cognitive abilities and brain development, according to a study by researchers at the University of Surrey (UK).
This proposed action would align US standards with the international CO 2 emissions standards adopted by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) in 2017, making domestically manufactured aircraft competitive in the global marketplace. These are same types of airplanes covered by the international aircraft CO 2 standard.
The US Energy Information Administration released its Annual Energy Outlook 2013 (AEO2013) Reference case (the Early Release ), which highlights a growth in total US energy production that exceeds growth in total US energy consumption through 2040. million FFV sales in the AEO2012 Reference case. Increased sales for hybrids and PHEVs.
vehicles) and industrial air pollution—fuel powerful storms and influence weather much more than has been appreciated, according to a study published in the journal Science. Ultrafine aerosols—minute particles from urban (e.g.,
Renault recently made public the findings of an internal study, published first in October 2011, detailing and comparing the lifecycle assessments (LCAs) of the battery-electric and two internal combustion engined versions (gasoline and diesel) of the Renault Fluence. Quantifies the production of pollutant ozone (? emissions).
Shore Power is a shore-to-ship connection that provides electrical power to the ship, thereby significantly reducing diesel and other air pollutant emissions from ships while they are at berth. In 2008, the California Air Resources Board adopted a regulation to require reductions of air pollutants from ocean-going vessels.
Non-exhaust emissions (NEE) from road traffic refers to particles released into the air from brake wear, tyre wear, road surface wear and resuspension of road dust during on-road vehicle usage. Members of the group are drawn from those with a proven track record in the fields of air pollution research and practice.
Noting the references in scientific and policy literature to the need for fast-action mitigation to help avoid DAI and abrupt climate changes, the authors define “fast-action” to include regulatory measures that can begin within 2–3 years, be substantially implemented in 5–10 years, and produce a climate response within decades. Ramanathan.
FCA US referred to the manner in which it manipulated one method of emissions control as “cycle detection” and “cycle beating.” FCA US received credit for cooperation with the department’s investigation and has enhanced, and committed to further enhance, its compliance program and internal controls.
Highlights relevant international and national processes with links to publicly available data sources in an extensive reference section. Emissions of non- GHG air pollutants, including air toxics. Provides information on data limitations and highlights potential bottlenecks to data acquisition. Water quality.
Kennedy International Airport, the busiest airport for international traffic in North America, always seems to be reinventing itself. It opened in 1948 as New York International Airport, although it was typically referred to then as Idlewild. Since then, there have been multiple changes and reconfigurations.
Internal AC Kinetics testing used an AC induction motor coupled to a large inertia, following a modified EPA city traffic cycle. AC Kinetics technology can substantially reduce the world’s electric bill—the global spend is US$570 billion annually—while cutting the carbon pollution generated by power plants.
This is also reflected in fuel savings of around 1% in the WLTP compared to the series reference. The comparative values were derived from a series reference and the results of the preceding generation Liteks 4 from previous years. They have also been confirmed by measurements carried out by an international OEM.
The reference scenario assumes continued strengthening of fuel efficiency standards for LDVs, as well as expanded use of renewables for power generation. To date, six major Chinese cities and one province have implemented car ownership restriction policies in response to severe congestion and air pollution.
The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is proposing to adopt new air pollution standards for engines with rated thrusts greater than 26.7 The standards were previously agreed to by the United Nation’s International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO).
For the most part, they look, sound and act like a traditional car, but there’s one major difference: their engines run on batteries and not on internal combustion powered by fossil fuels. The pros of going gasless include reduced maintenance costs, lower fuel expense and—most importantly—less pollution.
tonnes of carbon per capita per year, according to a new paper published by an international team of 31 scientists in Nature Geoscience. A quarter of the growth in CO2 emissions in developing countries can be accounted for by an increase in international trade of goods and services. —Dr Canadell.
Both OME 1 (methylal or dimethoxymethane, hereinafter referred to as DMM) and OME 3–5 offer outstanding combustion characteristics (e.g., high thermodynamic efficiency, low pollutant emissions ) but differ in production, infrastructure, and engine compatibility. —Burre et al.
Inertia refers to resistance to change or tendency of economic, human and physical systems to change very slowly. unpriced environmental costs related to GHG emissions and air pollution) are not internalized by firms and households, there will be little demand for AFVs. —“Market Development for Green Cars”.
Supply disruptions could impact the speed of the energy transition in the short to medium term, a new report by the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) warns. All data refer to unprocessed ores and concentrates, except for lithium, where we rely on data for lithium carbonates and lithium oxide and hydroxide.
Global benefits from full implementation of the identified measures in 2030 compared to the reference scenario. Black carbon and tropospheric ozone are harmful air pollutants that also contribute to climate change. The climate change benefit is estimated for 2050 and human health and crop benefits are for 2030 and beyond.
The ultimate goal, he says, is to exploit fully existing propulsion technologies in terms of fuel economy and pollutant emissions. They are operated with reference to engine operating points and the values of various engine controllable variables. —Malikopoulos et al. Malikopoulos, Andreas A., Papalambros, Panos Y.
EU legislation currently refers to low-emission vehicles as vehicles having tailpipe emissions below 50 g/km. While further improvements to the internal combustion engine will be needed, Europe needs to accelerate the transition towards low- and zero-emission vehicles. The latter two examples also represent zero-emission vehicles.
Some offset projects may provide further benefits, such as: (a) the promotion of sustainable development; (b) improvements in air or water quality; (c) the creation of new domestic and international economic opportunities; and (d) the incentivization of innovation as parties seek new methods of generating offsets. CREDIBILITY OF OFFSETS.
With 140,000 units produced worldwide, the Fuso Canter is an international hit in the light-duty-truck sector and easily the best-selling truck model at Daimler Trucks. There are three versions of the engine with internal designation 4P10 available: 96 kW (130 hp) at 3000-3500 rpm, 300 N·m at 1300-3050 rpm.
To meet federal deadlines for attainment of ozone and fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) standards, these regions must expeditiously phase in heavy-duty vehicles that emit at, or below, the equivalent of “zero-emission” battery-electric vehicles when accounting for pollution from base load electricity generation. Hybridization.
Improving the efficiency of road-freight transport is critical to reducing the growth in oil demand, carbon emissions and air pollution over the next decades, according to the International Energy Agency’s latest report, The Future of Trucks: Implications for energy and the environment. —“The Future of Trucks”.
Materials management refers to how material resources are managed as they flow through the economy, from extraction or harvest of materials and food (e.g., Opportunities to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions through Materials and Land Management Practices”.
With increasing pressure from air pollution, oil consumption and congestion, China is compelled to reinvent propulsion technologies. … The development of EVs is very important to China: for haze, pollution and energy security. Pure electric passenger car. Other electric vehicles. Private sector. Pure electric passenger car.
A paper on their work is published in the journal Angewandte Chemie International Edition. In some catalytic zeolites, the metal ions can break down the pollutant nitric oxide in vehicle emissions. Chemists refer to this orientation as “side-on”. However, the zeolites crumble and clog easily, leading to early failure.
Optimized internal combustion engines are the major contributor to the reduction of passenger car GHG emissions with significant improvements until 2020 and the subsequent penetration of more effective alternative technologies into the fleet. The latter powertrain technologies also offer the advantage of zero pollutant emissions.
WHDC (gtr 4) specifies test procedures for compression-ignition (CI) engines and positive-ignition (PI) engines fuelled with natural gas (NG) or liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) with regard to the emission of pollutants. Reference documents - UNECE regulations for motor vehicles. World Forum for the Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations.
Global energy-related carbon dioxide emissions can be reduced by 70% by 2050 and completely phased-out by 2060 with a net positive economic outlook, according to new findings released by the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) and the International Energy Agency (IEA). Click to enlarge.
The goal of the partnership is to leverage the complementary missions of deployment and commercialization (DOE) and fundamental research and education (NSF) to address the efficiency of the internal combustion engine (ICE). Liquid fuels have dominated transportation systems for over a century and will continue to do so for decades to come.
Researchers from Penn State and the University of Michigan have characterized the nanostructure and oxidative reactivity of soot generated by a light-duty turbodiesel engine operating under a dilute, low-temperature combustion process referred to as high-efficiency clean combustion (HECC). THC and CO as well as NO x and PM. Earlier post.)
Pollutant emissions were measured at some reference working conditions as well as along the NEDC and compared to analogous data obtained for the same engine using the standard Common Rail. Patent WO2011033379: Improved Pump Unit For An Injection Apparatus Of An Internal Combustion Engine. Applied Energy. 2011.08.047. Catania, A.
In building their four scenarios to represent a reasonably aggressive range of heavier and higher sulfur crudes in the US crude slate, Hirshfeld and Kolb incorporated (i) increased domestic crude oil production and (ii) decreased total US crude oil consumption, as forecast for 2025 in the AEO 2011 Reference Case, in the scenarios.
The development of internal combustion engine vehicles, especially automobiles, is one of the greatest achievements of modern technology. Air pollution, global warming and rapid depletion of the earth’s petroleum resources are becoming a problem now. Internal Combustion Engines. Vehicle Fundamentals.
8 Ecu Union countries together with France and Italy referred to as for the bloc to scrap deliberate Euro 7 exhaust emission limits, announcing they’re overly determined and unrealistic for automakers to strike. France’s President Emmanuel Macron, has additionally mentioned that there must be a rest in EU situation legislation.
An international team of researchers, led by the University of Cambridge, has estimated that photosynthetic marine cyanobacteria annually produce hundreds of millions of tonnes of hydrocarbons in the oceans. These organisms in turn support another population of bacteria that feed on these compounds.
collectively referred to here as Volkswagen). During EPA emission testing, the vehicles’ ECM ran software which produced compliant emissions results under an ECM calibration that VW referred to as the “dyno calibration”. … The NOV alleges that Volkswagen and Audi cars from model years 2009-2015 equipped with 2.0-liter,
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