Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 4, 2018

In China, people breathe ozone-laden air two to six times more often than people in the United States, Europe, Japan, or South Korea, according to a new international study published in Environmental Science & Technology Letters. 2017 for one ozone metric. The inset shows ozone trends in Beijing (red) and Los Angeles (blue).

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Ozone Pollution China South Korea 199

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 21, 2010

Springtime ozone distributions for 1984, 1995–2008 in the mid-troposphere (3.0–8.0 Springtime ozone levels above western North America are rising primarily due to air flowing eastward from the Pacific Ocean, a trend that is largest when the air originates in Asia. The US EPA recently proposed new tougher ground-level ozone standards.

Ozone 199

Ozone North America Asia America 199

Green Car Congress

JUNE 17, 2016

As California continues to reduce local sources of ozone, ozone entering the state from the Pacific makes up a larger fraction of measured ozone levels. An ozonesonde is a balloon which measures ozone from the surface to more than 10 kilometers above the ground.

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San Jose Ozone Universal Transportation 150

Green Car Congress

JULY 5, 2009

Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh have developed a fluorescent molecular probe that can selectively detect ozone—in preference to other reactive oxygen species—in both atmospheric and biological samples. Ground-level ozone exposure is a growing global health problem, especially in urban areas. St Croix, Bruce R.

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Ozone Insight 2009 Universal 150

Green Car Congress

JULY 10, 2009

Through a recent modeling experiment, a team of NASA-funded researchers have found that future concentrations of carbon dioxide and ozone in the atmosphere and of nitrogen in the soil are likely to have an important but overlooked effect on the cycling of water from sky to land to waterways. Benjamin Felzer, Lehigh University.

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Ozone Water CO2 MIT 186

Green Car Congress

JULY 22, 2010

Illustration of projected ozone changes in the South Coast region due to climate change in 2050. Areas in orange and red could see ozone concentrations elevated by 9 to 18 parts per billion. Click to enlarge. These narrow-focused models utilize high-resolution information about the geography, meteorology and emissions of these areas.

Climate Change 199

Climate Change Ozone Climate California 199

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 8, 2011

It would be many decades before it would slow down global warming at all, and even then it would just be making a difference around the edges. The reliance on natural gas could then gradually reduce the rate of global warming, but temperatures would drop by only a small amount compared to the 5.4 —Tom Wigley. degree Celsius).

Coal 334

Coal Climate Gas Global 334

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 12, 2018

A team from Duke University in the US and University of York in the UK have utilized a novel method to estimate long-term ozone exposure and previously reported epidemiological results to quantify the health burden from long-term ozone exposure in three major regions of the world. —Karl Seltzer.

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Ozone 2015 United States Europe 207

Green Car Congress

APRIL 1, 2009

The global market for rocket launches may require more stringent regulation in order to prevent significant damage to Earth’s stratospheric ozone layer in the decades to come, according to a new study by researchers in California and Colorado. Darin Toohey.

Ozone 150

Ozone Los Angeles Colorado Corporation 150

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 21, 2014

China is responsible for only a small percentage of the annual pollution in the US, but powerful global winds known as “westerlies” can push airborne chemicals across the ocean in days, particularly during the spring, causing dangerous spikes in contaminants. Jintai Lin of Beijing’s Peking University is the paper’s lead author.

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Pollution Chinese Manufacturer Ozone 318

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 11, 2018

New research by George Mason University found that exposure to certain air pollutants is linked to increased emergency department (ED) visits for respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. ozone and sulfate) origin and cardiorespiratory emergency department (ED) visits for 8 specific outcomes in five U.S.

Pollution 353

Pollution St. Louis Dallas Atlanta 353

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 22, 2010

This new global emission estimate is startling. Nitrous oxide is a potent greenhouse gas that contributes to climate change and stratospheric ozone destruction. —Jake Beaulieu of the University of Notre Dame and the US EPA, and lead author of the PNAS paper.

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New Hampshire Global Climate Change Ozone 199

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 7, 2017

Ozone pollution near Earth’s surface is one of the main ingredients of summertime smog. It is also not directly measurable from space due to the abundance of ozone higher in the atmosphere, which obscures measurements of surface ozone. —Jin et al.

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Ozone Insight Netherlands North America 150

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 29, 2010

Led by the tiny Pacific island of the Federated States of Micronesia, a growing group of low-lying islands and other vulnerable countries are calling for fast action on the approximately 50% of global warming that is caused by pollutants other than carbon dioxide (CO 2 ). The next round of UN climate negotiations begins in Cancun today.

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Micronesia Pollution Ozone Global 199

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 17, 2015

Although halogens released from long-lived anthropogenic substances, such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), are the principal cause of the recent depletion of stratospheric ozone, recent observations show that very short-lived substances (VSLS), with lifetimes generally under six months, are also an important source of stratospheric halogens.

Ozone 150

Ozone Climate Industrial Industry 150

Green Car Congress

APRIL 29, 2016

The Bakken Formation, a shale oil and gas field in North Dakota and Montana, is emitting roughly 2% (about 250,000 tons per year) of the globe’s ethane, according to new study led by researchers at the University of Michigan. And they’re sufficient to explain much of the global shift in ethane concentrations. Click to enlarge.

Ozone 150

Ozone Global Emissions North Dakota 150

Green Car Congress

APRIL 21, 2011

Researchers from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) have performed life cycle assessments (LCA) of three batteries for plug-in hybrid (PHEV) and full performance battery electric (BEV) vehicles. They also found higher life cycle global warming emissions than have been previously reported. Click to enlarge.

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Nickel Metal Hydride NiMH Li-ion PHEV 334

Green Car Congress

JUNE 27, 2017

According to a new study led by a team at Duke University, airborne particulate matter and dust are cutting solar photovoltaic energy output by more than 25% in certain parts of the world, with roughly equal contributions from ambient PM and PM deposited on photovoltaic surfaces. Credit: ACS, Bergin et al. Click to enlarge. 7b00197.

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Solar Energy Global Production 218

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 16, 2012

Now, researchers from Sandia National Laboratory’s Combustion Research Facility, the University of Manchester and the University of Bristol report in a paper in Science the first direct kinetics measurements made of reactions of any gas-phase Criegee intermediate, in this case formaldehyde oxide (CH 2 OO). —Welz et al.

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Ozone Climate Change 2012 Climate 268

Green Car Congress

APRIL 11, 2019

About 4 million children worldwide develop asthma each year because of inhaling nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) air pollution, according to an open-access study published in The Lancet Planetary Health by researchers at the George Washington University Milken Institute School of Public Health (Milken Institute SPH).

Pollution 360

Pollution United Arab Emirates South Korea Las Vegas 360

Green Car Congress

APRIL 15, 2019

Researchers from Northwestern University and Princeton University have explored the impact on US air quality from an aggressive conversion of internal combustion vehicles to battery-powered electric vehicles (EVs). Across scenarios, we found the more cars that transitioned to electric power, the better for summertime ozone levels.

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Conversion Jordan Ozone Coal 281

Green Car Congress

MARCH 17, 2020

Researchers at the University of California, Irvine and other institutions have conducted a statistical analysis of pollution exposure and yields from 1980 to 2015 on a key sector making up about 38% of the state’s total agricultural output: perennial crops such as almonds, grapes, nectarines, peaches, strawberries and walnuts.

Ozone 186

Ozone Davis San Diego Pollution 186

Green Car Congress

MAY 12, 2017

Thus, the researchers concluded, switching from PFI to GDI vehicles will likely lead to a reduction in net global warming. We estimate ozone and SOA formation potential. Therefore, the secondary organic aerosol and ozone formation potential of the exhaust does not depend on engine technology. —Saliba et al.

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Fleet Engine Fuel Economy Global 207

Green Car Congress

MARCH 27, 2010

The Asian monsoon circulation provides an effective pathway for pollution from Asia, India, and Indonesia to enter the global stratosphere, according to a new international study led by scientists at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) in Boulder, Colo. William Randel.

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Pollution Asia Ozone Indonesia 246

Green Car Congress

MARCH 22, 2018

The University of Bremen is the scientific base of the international project known as EMeRGe (Effect of Megacities on the transport and transformation of pollutants on the Regional and Global scales). Chou, as well as the National Taiwan University, especially Po-Hsiung Lin. HALO in-hangar in Taiwan. —Joohn Burrows.

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Emissions Taiwan Asia Ozone 268

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 9, 2012

Shipping-induced global temperature change in 2050 using different parameterizations of Indirect Aerosol Effect (IAE). Other than these emissions from combustion associated with main engines and boilers, there are also emissions of ozone-depleting substances (CFCs/HCFCs/ HFCs) from refrigerant and air conditioning systems.

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Climate Emissions Ozone 2007 240

Green Car Congress

MAY 16, 2012

Tom Sharkey, chairperson of the Michigan State University biochemistry and molecular biology department, believes isoprene, a gas given off by plants to help them cope with rapid increases in temperature that can occur in sunlight. His team also has created models to measure how much isoprene plants release on a global scale.

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Ozone Production Michigan Automobile 225

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 23, 2020

Despite reports that global emissions of the potent greenhouse gas, HFC-23, were almost eliminated in 2017, an international team of scientists, led by the University of Bristol, has found atmospheric levels growing at record values. As a result, they reported that they had almost completely eliminated HFC-23 emissions by 2017.

Emissions 199

Emissions Ozone India 2017 199

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 15, 2018

Researchers at Tohoku University in Japan have identified a way to reduce harmful NO emissions produced by ammonia fuel during combustion. Although the space and time-averaged emission (STAE) of NO was found to decrease with increase in the global equivalence ratio (global ?)

Emissions 308

Emissions Hydrogen Fuel Global 308

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 18, 2019

Cooking, cleaning and other routine household activities generate significant levels of volatile and particulate chemicals inside the average home, leading to indoor air quality levels on par with a polluted major city, according to a study by researchers at the University of Colorado Boulder. Earlier post.).

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Pollution Ozone Cleaning Clean 207

Green Car Congress

APRIL 11, 2014

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)—commonly used in refrigerators and air conditioners—play a role in creating a hole in the ozone layer over Antarctica. However, more complete reporting of global HFC emissions is required, as less than half of global emissions are currently accounted for. —Rigby et al.

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Climate Ozone Climate Change Emissions 199

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 6, 2012

The basic properties of thermoplastic polyurethanes include high scratch and abrasion resistance, high tensile strength, very good cushioning, high flexibility at cold temperatures, and excellent resistance to oil, grease, oxygen and ozone. Wyandotte is BASF’s largest research and development site in the US Midwest.

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Ozone North America Polymer Michigan 210

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 8, 2023

The new studies are: Improved Characterization of the Real-World Contributions and Impacts of Non-tailpipe Particulate Matter Emissions ,” led by Greg Evans, University of Toronto. Assessing the Impact of Non-exhaust Emissions from Traffic on the Asthmatic Airway (IONA) ,” led by Chris Griffiths, Queen Mary University of London.

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Emissions Pollution Exhaust London 353

Green Car Congress

MAY 8, 2011

In the first empirical study using satellite measurements to explore the relationship between urban form and air pollution, a team from the University of Minnesota has found that cities with highly contiguous built-up areas have, on average, lower concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 , a key component of urban air pollution).

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Pollution Ozone Minnesota Global 225

Green Car Congress

MARCH 16, 2012

GW = global warming; Eut. eutrophication; ET = ecological toxicity; FEC = fossil energy consumption; WU = water use; LO = land occupation; “The rest” includes acidification; smog formation; ozone layer depletion; and human health effects. Environmental impacts of gasoline and E85. Error bar shows regional variations for E85.

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Gasoline Water Emissions Pollution 357

Green Car Congress

JULY 18, 2010

A variety of geoengineering options have been proposed in response to anthropogenic global warming, including solar radiation management (SRM) which involves offsetting the effects of GHG increases by causing the Earth to absorb less radiation from the Sun. The rate required for global climate modification is upward of 1Mte p.a.

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Climate Engine Ozone Solar 199

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 19, 2010

used a climate model to analyze the effects of a wide range of chemical species, including carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane, organic carbon, black carbon, nitrate, sulfate, and ozone, from 13 sectors of the economy from 2000 to 2100. Unger et al. Targeting on-road transportation is a win-win-win. —Unger et al. A hat-tip to Tom!).

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Transportation Climate Change Powered Power 391