Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 5, 2020

The transportation sector was responsible for over 7 million tons of NO x emissions in the US in 2014, with 50% of this sector’s NO x attributed to heavy-duty on- and off-road vehicles and equipment. NO x is a precursor for both ground level ozone and secondary PM 2.5 Source of data: US EPA (2019). Chart: MECA.

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Emissions Diesel Engine 2010 291

Green Car Congress

JULY 13, 2011

(Japan) report in the journal Angewandte Chemie the development of a mesoporous two-line ferrihydrite (2LFh)—ferrihydrite is a widespread mineral composed of iron, oxygen, and water—that could lead to a new generation of ozone filters in electrostatic devices and aircraft applications. removal; it showed about 95 % O 3.

Ozone 218

Ozone Toyota Pollution Suzuki 218

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 22, 2011

Black carbon and tropospheric ozone are harmful air pollutants that also contribute to climate change. Reducing black carbon and tropospheric ozone now will slow the rate of climate change within the first half of this century, the study said. Click to enlarge. °C (within a likely range of 0.2-0.7

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Ozone Climate Carbon Climate Change 218

Green Car Congress

JULY 22, 2010

Illustration of projected ozone changes in the South Coast region due to climate change in 2050. Areas in orange and red could see ozone concentrations elevated by 9 to 18 parts per billion. We already know that climate change will bring us increased forest fires, shorter winters, hotter summers and impact our water supply.

Climate Change 199

Climate Change Ozone Climate California 199

Green Car Congress

JULY 24, 2009

A) shows the base case peak concentrations for O 3 (ozone), ClNO and HCl in parts-per-billion by volume (ppbv). (B) Under extreme circumstances, this previously unknown chemistry could account for up to 40 parts per billion (ppb) of ozone; the current US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 8-hour average standard is 75 ppb.

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Ozone Pollution 2009 Coal 150

Green Car Congress

APRIL 29, 2013

In its recently released Inventory of US Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990 – 2011 ( earlier post ), the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) reported that methane (CH 4 ) emissions from the field production of natural gas have declined by 36% from 2007 to 2011 (from 83.1 CH 4 emissions represented 8.8%

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2007 2011 EPA Gas 285

Green Car Congress

JULY 11, 2013

Emission standard. Photochemical Ozone Creation Potential (kg Ethene equivalent). Quantifies the production of pollutant ozone (? to ozone layer), the results of the reaction of sunlight on NO x and volatile organic compounds. Abiotic Resource Depletion Potential (kg Sb equivalent). emissions). emissions).

Li-ion 364

Li-ion Gasoline-Electric Ozone Diesel 364

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 11, 2012

Contributions of regions to total life cycle emissions for three fuels (µg per vehicle-mile traveled per km 2 land area). Dashed lines show US average emissions. Associated tailpipe emissions alone account for 40?60% Credit: ACS, Tessum et al. Click to enlarge. —Tessum et al.

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Gasoline Emissions Gasoline-Electric Pollution 236

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 5, 2015

Comparison of the potential reduction in emissions with the application of lower sulfur 0.5% While that report projected vessel activity, it did not explore the environmental impacts of increased shipping in terms of air emissions or the potential climate impacts from increases in short-lived climate pollutants such as black carbon.

Pollution 150

Pollution Emissions Mariner Fuel 150

Green Car Congress

MARCH 16, 2012

eutrophication; ET = ecological toxicity; FEC = fossil energy consumption; WU = water use; LO = land occupation; “The rest” includes acidification; smog formation; ozone layer depletion; and human health effects. Error bar shows regional variations for E85. GW = global warming; Eut. Credit: ACS, Yang et al. Click to enlarge.

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Gasoline Water Emissions Minnesota 357

Green Car Congress

JULY 8, 2014

National and state regulators primarily use generic emission inventories to assess the climate, air quality, and health impacts of natural gas systems. These inventories rely on limited, incomplete, and sometimes outdated emission factors and activity data, based on few measurements, they found. jobs vs environmental stewardship).

Gas 218

Gas Oil-Sands Emissions Oil 218

Green Car Congress

JULY 6, 2010

The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is proposing regulations employing the “good neighbor” provision of the Clean Air Act to reduce interstate transport of upwind state emissions from power generation that contribute to air quality problems in downwind states. NO x emissions would drop by 52%.

Pollution 218

Pollution EPA Transportation DC 218

Green Car Congress

MAY 28, 2010

The California Air Resources Board (ARB) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) are collaborating in the $20-million CalNex research project to examine the nexus between air pollution and climate change. The complex roles that ozone and aerosols play in the atmosphere provide examples of such trade-offs.

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Climate Change Climate Pollution California 210

Green Car Congress

JUNE 12, 2023

Unlike exhaust from burning coal and gas that contains CO 2 , burning hydrogen emits only water vapor and oxygen. Hydrogen is not a greenhouse gas, but its chemical reactions in the atmosphere affect greenhouse gases such as methane, ozone, and stratospheric water vapor. —Dr Sand Resources Sand, M., Sand et al.

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Hydrogen Global Ozone CO2 435

Green Car Congress

JUNE 13, 2009

But excess nitrogen is emitted from soils, seeps into groundwater and runs off into surface waters. Nitrogen runoff in bays and coastal areas, where it makes algae numbers spike then crash, drawing oxygen from the water and leading to dead zones—areas that cannot support finfish, shellfish or most other aquatic life. Tom Tomich.

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Davis Escape Ozone California 240

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 11, 2014

The California Air Resources Board released the draft proposed first update to the AB 32 Scoping Plan, which guides development and implementation of California’s greenhouse gas emission reduction programs. The Air Resources Board is required to update the Scoping Plan every five years. Transportation.

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Transportation Emissions California Ozone 273

Green Car Congress

APRIL 17, 2009

The proposed cause or contribute finding concludes that that the combined emissions of CO 2 , CH 4 , N 2 O, and HFCs from new motor vehicles and motor vehicle engines contribute to the atmospheric concentrations of these key greenhouse gases and hence to the threat of climate change. Tags: Climate Change Emissions Policy.

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EPA Climate Change Ozone Motor 150

Green Car Congress

MAY 16, 2011

Data collected during a major 2010 state-federal atmospheric research project show that the first-in-the-nation regulation requiring ocean-going vessels to use clean fuel when near the California coast has been extremely effective in reducing sulfur dioxide pollution from ships, according to the California Air Resources Board (ARB).

Pollution 186

Pollution California Clean Cleaning 186

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 14, 2009

Current emissions of anthropogenic greenhouse gases (GHGs) have already committed the planet to an increase in average surface temperature by the end of the century that may be above the critical threshold for tipping elements of the climate system into abrupt change with potentially irreversible and unmanageable consequences, the authors write.

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Climate Change Climate Pollution Ozone 186

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 19, 2009

Here, RME show advantages for primary energy and GHG, but disadvantages in terms of acidification, eutrophication and ozone depletion. An important analytical issue that needs to be addressed, the report notes, is the lack of lifecycle assessment studies focusing on a wider set of environmental impact indicators than greenhouse gas emissions.

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Ozone Water Emissions Oil 186

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 16, 2012

succeeded in isolating the simplest CI and reported direct kinetic measurements of its reactions with water, NO, NO 2 , and SO 2. Dr. George Marston from the University of Reading (UK) notes that: The Criegee intermediates (CIs) are central to understanding the reactions of ozone with unsaturated compounds. Welz et al. Savee, David L.

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Ozone Climate Change Climate 2012 268

Green Car Congress

JULY 29, 2010

He also found that soot emissions kill more than 1.5 Greenhouse gases, in contrast, typically persist in the atmosphere for decades—some up to a century or more—creating a considerable time lag between when emissions are cut and when the results become apparent. Tags: Climate Change Emissions. Dessler et al., Guenther et al.,

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Global Ozone CO2 Pollution 230

Green Car Congress

JUNE 9, 2009

Energy consumption and GHG emissions per PKT (passenger kilometer travelled). Inventorying criteria air pollutants showed that vehicle non-operational components often dominate total emissions. Life-cycle criteria air pollutant emissions are between 1.1 The vehicle operation components are shown with gray patterns.

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Light Emissions Energy Boston 150

Green Car Congress

MAY 8, 2011

NO 2 is mainly produced in the atmosphere from photochemical oxidation of directly emitted nitric oxide (NO) on a timescale of minutes, so that NO 2 concentrations are essentially a marker for combustion-related emissions, Bechle et al. note in their study. Anti-leapfrogging policies may improve air quality. —Bechle et al.

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Pollution Ozone Minnesota Global 225

Green Car Congress

MARCH 27, 2010

This could explain satellite measurements showing high levels of stratospheric ozone, water vapor and other chemicals over Asia during summer. When sulfur rises into the stratosphere, it can lead to the creation of small particles called aerosols that are known to influence the ozone layer. Science doi: 10.1126/science.1182274.

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Pollution Asia Indonesia Ozone 246

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 22, 2010

Scientists report in an open access paper this week in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) that river and stream networks are the source of at least 10% of human-caused nitrous oxide emissions to the atmosphere. This new global emission estimate is startling. Beaulieu et al. PNAS doi: 10.1073/pnas.1011464108.

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New Hampshire Global Climate Change Ozone 199

Green Car Congress

JUNE 18, 2009

The California Air Resources Board has equipped two battery-powered electric vehicles to take ground level readings of greenhouse gases throughout the state. The zero-emission RAV 4s were given to ARB as part of a settlement agreement for air quality violations by Toyota. ARB Chairman Mary D.

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Electric Vehicles Vehicles Ozone Gas-Electric 150

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 11, 2013

A team of researchers in the Institute for Integrated Catalysis at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory led by chemist János Szanyi has proposed a reaction mechanism for a highly active zeolite catalyst (Cu-SSZ-13) used in selective catalytic reduction (SCR) NO x aftertreatment systems for diesel emissions. Ja Hun Kwak, Jong H. Lee, Sarah D.

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Li-ion Diesel 2013 Water 225

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 25, 2009

Losses of tropical and temperate mountain glaciers affecting perhaps 20-25% of the human population in terms of drinking water, irrigation and hydro-power. This is despite the fact that natural variation will partially offset the warming signal from greenhouse gas emissions. Global emissions were growing by 1.1%

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Climate Change Climate 2007 Ozone 259

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 30, 2009

The growth in hydrous ethanol, which uses a blend of 94-95% ethanol to 5-6% water, rapidly increased during the 1980s, with consumption peaking in 1989. water content in it and Gasoline C, or E25, which is a mixture of 75% Gasoline A and 25% in volume of anhydrous ethanol (AEAC) with a maximum of 0.4% 40 CFR § 80.27 40 CFR § 80.27(d)

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Transportation Fuel Renewable Gasoline-Electric 317

Green Car Congress

JUNE 8, 2011

Houston, with a mix of petrochemical facilities, sprawling suburbs, and traffic jams that stretch for miles, has some of the highest levels of ground-level ozone and other air pollutants in the United States. The nighttime temperatures over the city would be lower and winds would become stronger, blowing the pollution out to the Gulf.

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Houston Pollution Wind 2000 247

Green Car Congress

JUNE 8, 2015

In 2014, Volkswagen of America announced that starting with the launch of the zero-tailpipe emissions battery-electric 2015 e-Golf ( earlier post ), it would invest in projects to offset the carbon emissions created from the e-Golf on a full lifecycle basis: production, distribution and up to approximately 36,000 miles (57,936 km) of driving.

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Carbon Personal Store Emissions 150

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 17, 2012

In a liquid phase, the organic materials would absorb other compounds such as ammonia or ozone very easily and then progress through a series of chemical changes (known as chemical aging) to form particles that reflect or absorb sunlight, or form clouds. The experiments at Harvard, using particles of ? In the atmosphere, the particles of ?-pinene

Climate 252

Climate Global Ozone Water 252

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 4, 2011

Greenhouse gas emissions. The extent to which using biofuels rather than petroleum will reduce greenhouse gas emissions is uncertain, the report says. How biofuels are produced and the changes in land use or land cover that occur in the process affect biofuels’ impact on such emissions. Barriers and opportunities.

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Renewable Tax Credit Conversion Standards 252

Green Car Congress

APRIL 3, 2009

Low-input cultivation of perennial plants, e.g. from short-rotation forestry and grasslands, may be an effective source of cellulosic biomass and provide environmental benefits (reduced pollution and lower greenhouse gas emissions).

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Conversion Water Emissions 2009 150

Green Cars News

APRIL 19, 2009

It has been deemed by the EPA that the emissions from new motor vehicles and their engines contribute to these concentrations and threaten climate change. The analysis also looked at the impact of climate change on human health and suggests that it may lead to higher levels of ground-level ozone, a harmful pollutant.

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EPA Gas Climate Change Arlington 39

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 23, 2011

A new study by researchers at MIT has found that factoring the non-CO 2 combustion emissions and effects into the lifecycle of a Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (SPK) aviation fuel can lead to a decrease in the relative environmental merit of the SPK fuel compared to conventional jet fuel. Aviation climate change impacts pathway.

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MIT Climate Emissions Ozone 273