U Mich, Ford lifecycle study of carbon footprint of last-mile and final-50-feet delivery with automated vehicles and robots
Green Car Congress
AUGUST 19, 2021
We evaluate life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for automated suburban ground delivery systems consisting of a vehicle (last-mile) and a robot (final-50-feet). are operational only (WTW), while battery production is included for BEVs and drones. red symbols) for the US average cases and Edwards et al. blue symbol).
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