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EPA projects advanced transmissions (6+ speeds and CVTs), gasoline direct injection (GDI) systems, and turbocharged engines will be installed on at least 15% of all MY 2013 vehicles. The majority of the emissions and fuel savings from current vehicles, EPA noted, is due to new gasoline vehicle technologies. Click to enlarge.
Well-to-wheels results for greenhouse gas emissions in CO 2 e for six pathways. These advances and improvements have helped bioethanol achieve increased energy and GHG emission benefits when compared with those of petroleum gasoline. WTW GHG emission reductions for ethanol pathways relative to gasoline. Miscanthus.
The federal subsidy significantly favors larger battery packs to a stronger degree than their potential for additional gasoline savings. Peterson and Michalek 2012. Non-domestic charging infrastructure is generally not necessary for operation of PHEVs, and substantial gasoline displacement can be achieved solely with home charging.
Comparisons of life-cycle emissions from LUC phase for (a) sugar cane ethanol and (b) soybean biodiesel. Estimates of the life-cycle GHG emissions from biofuels are largely based on regional and global models of the land-use change (LUC) impacts from biofuels. Credit: ACS, Tsao et al. Click to enlarge. —Tsao et al.
Average measured mixed fleet, HDDV, and reconstructed LDGV fuel-based BC emission factors (mixed fleet, left; HDDV, center; reconstructed LDGV, right,) compared with recent literature (reported means values), and the MOBILE 6.2C derived emission factors. Credit: ACS, Liggio et al. Click to enlarge.
In part-load operation, the indirect injection supplements direct gasoline injection to improve fuel economy and to reduce the output of particulates from the engine. Athanasios Mamakos, Christos Dardiotis, and Giorgio Martini (2012) “ Assessment of particle number limits for petrol vehicles ” (JRC report). Earlier post.).
Environmental impacts of gasoline and E85. If greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from indirect land use (iLUC) changes are included in the analysis, the differences increase to between 16% and 118% (33% on average). Process flow diagrams for E85 and gasoline. Error bar shows regional variations for E85. GW = global warming; Eut.
Martin Wissink from the team presented a paper on the work at the ASME 2012 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference in Vancouver, BC, this week. CR Gasoline, in which gasoline was injected through the higher-pressure common rail injector, allowing for much later injections of large quantities of gasoline.
Contributions of regions to total life cycle emissions for three fuels (µg per vehicle-mile traveled per km 2 land area). Dashed lines show US average emissions. Associated tailpipe emissions alone account for 40?60% Credit: ACS, Tessum et al. Click to enlarge. —Tessum et al.
D-EGR is a SwRI-developed gasoline engine concept that uses in-cylinder fuel reforming to produce CO and H 2 (with Research Octane Numbers of 106 and 130, respectively) and high levels of recirculated gas (EGR) to achieve very high levels of thermal efficiency. The D-EGR demonstrator is a converted 2012 Buick Regal with a 2.0-liter
Adjusted CO 2 emissions and adjusted fuel economy, MY 1975-2011. Data for MY 2011 are final; data for MY 2012 are preliminary and based on projected vehicle production values provided to EPA by manufacturers. The fleet-wide average real world MY 2011 personal vehicle CO 2 emissions value is 398 g/mi and average fuel economy is 22.4
BC mass emissions for all four GDI and PFI vehicles over the three different driving patterns. This may result in the need for new emissions control strategies—such as a gasoline particulate filter (GPF)—to enable compliance with California LEV III and US EPA Tier 3 particulate emissions standards.
Shell has developed a lead-free replacement for aviation gasoline (Avgas 100 and 100LL); the replacement fuel will now begin a strict regulatory approvals process. Leaded gasoline for automobiles was phased out of use in the US by 1995 due to its environmental and health impact.) Shell is the first major oil company to do so.
A team of researchers in China suggest that, in the context of promoting the use of clean fuel vehicles and increasing vehicle fuel efficiency, CO 2 emissions of China’s urban passenger transport sector could reach a peak of 225 MtCO 2 in 2030. A paper on their study appears in the journal Energy Policy. —Li and Yu.
Average values for WTW GHG emissions for oil sands and other crudes, tight boundary. When the oil sands products refined in the United States are considered—a mixture of oil sands and lower-carbon blending components—the GHG emissions are, on average, 9% higher than the average crude processed in the US. Source: IHS CERA.
Comparison of brake thermal efficiency and specific fuel consumption at rated power (ICOMIA Mode 5), hydrogen vs. gasoline engines. For one, the [California Air Resources Board] CARB-established limit of HC+NO x emissions in the 7.4 For one, the [California Air Resources Board] CARB-established limit of HC+NO x emissions in the 7.4
US greenhouse gas emissions by gas. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) released its 19 th annual report of overall US greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, showing a 3.4% decrease in 2012 from 2011. Total emissions of the six main greenhouse gases in 2012 were equivalent to 6,526 million metric tons of carbon dioxide.
Source: SwRI, DEER 2012. During its recent Innovation Day presentations ( earlier post ), PSA Peugeot Citroën announced that it will commercialize high-efficiency gasoline engines featuring dedicated exhaust gas recirculation (D-EGR), derived from a collaborative program with SwRI in the US. Click to enlarge.
Cummins has developed an E-85-specific engine and powertrain that reduce carbon dioxide emissions by as much as 80% compared with a baseline gasoline-powered medium-duty truck. is designed specifically to use E-85 (85% ethanol and 15% gasoline). The Cummins ETHOS 2.8L liter displacement. Earlier post.) The Cummins ETHOS 2.8L
BASF has inaugurated its new production plant for mobile emissions catalysts in ?roda The emissions catalysts produced there will be used by manufacturers of light duty gasoline vehicles and light and heavy duty diesel vehicles to meet more stringent Euro 6/VI emissions regulations. ska, a Special Economic Zone near Wroc?aw,
GDCI engine was significantly better than advanced production spark injection gasoline engines, and comparable to very efficient hybrid vehicle engines at their best efficiency conditions (214 g/kWh). They found that at all loads, GDCI was remarkably clean, with the potential for no aftertreatment for NO x and particulate emissions.
Overall, the company says, it intends to continue to work to conserve energy by improving fuel efficiency and reducing emissions, and by diversifying fuel sources by encouraging the use of electricity, hydrogen and other alternative energies. Gasoline engines. liter AR gasoline engine. overall TMC product lineup. Diesel engines.
Engineers at Transonic Combustion, a start-up developing a fuel efficient supercritical (SC) fuel injection and combustion system—Transonic Combustion, or TSCi ( earlier post )—have demonstrated the TSCi process using gasoline fuel at low load without EGR, medium load with EGR, and high speed low load with EGR.
Source: Spiller and Stephens (2012) Click to enlarge. Economists view higher gasoline taxes as one solution to reducing gasoline consumption and thus air pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, and reliance on oil, while at the same time providing revenue to the government for highway repair and construction.
liter i-DTEC engine in the new Civic will deliver CO 2 emissions of 95 g/km, according to Honda Motor Europe’s President, Manabu Nishimae, in his presentation at the Geneva Motor Show. This is a 15-gram drop (13.6%) from the 110 g/km emissions of the enhanced 2.2L Click to enlarge. Honda’s new 1.6-liter Earlier post.).
In 2012, according to the EIA, carbon dioxide emissions from energy consumption (in million metric tons of carbon dioxide) dropped to 5,267 MMT, the lowest level since 1990 (5,039 MMT). However, in 2013, CO 2 emissions from energy consumption climbed to 5,396 MMT. Climate Change Emissions' Source: EIA. Click to enlarge.
bar IMEP n ) showing performance of jet ignition with vaporized gasoline. Mahle Powertrain has refined its pre-chamber turbulent jet ignition combustion system ( earlier post ) to function robustly using only gasoline. Experimental results at part load (1500 rpm, 4.7 Source: Mahle. Click to enlarge. liter production unit.
DOT’s National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) is proposing Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards under the Energy Policy and Conservation Act (EPCA), as amended by the Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA), and EPA is proposing national greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions standards under the Clean Air.
In the US Energy Information Administration’s Annual Energy Outlook 2014 (AEO2014) Reference case, more-stringent vehicle fuel economy standards contribute to a decline in motor gasoline consumption through 2040. The Reference case projects an increase in VMT that, all else equal, would increase motor gasoline fuel consumption.
In California’s Los Angeles Basin, levels of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) pollutants have decreased by about 98% since the 1960s, even as area residents now burn approximately three times as much gasoline and diesel fuel. This indicates that the main VOC source in the LA basin is likely gasoline vehicle emission.
Renault is introducing three new Energy engines ( earlier post ) in its Mégane Collection 2012: the new turbocharged, gasoline direct-injection Energy TCE 115 di; the Energy dCi 130; and the Energy dCi 110, with NEDC fuel consumption of 3.5 liters/100 km (67 mpg US) with CO 2 emissions of 90 g/km. Energy TCe 115. 16V engine.
At the 2012 North American International Auto Show in Detroit, Volvo Car Corporation will unveil the Volvo XC60 gasoline-electric Plug-in Hybrid Concept. To make the plug-in technology viable for buyers in the US and China, Volvo notes , it needs to feature a gasoline engine. On the NEDC, CO 2 emissions are 53 g/km (2.3
TSI gasoline engine and is now introducing the latest generation, the TSI evo2, in the first models in Europe. The highlights of the latest version include Active Cylinder Management ACTplus, an emission control module close to the engine and the modern TSI-Evo combustion process. Volkswagen has enhanced its bestselling 1.5
The bio-naphtha can be used as a feedstock for producing bioplastics, for example, and as a biocomponent for gasoline. In a 2012 report on the hydroconversion of triglycerides (e.g., The yield of green gasoline can also be. Rogelio Sotelo-Boyás, Fernando Trejo-Zárraga and Felipe de Jesús Hernández-Loyo (2012).
Among the findings were: The plug-ins achieved an average 46% reduction in fuel consumption compared to conventional gasoline vehicle of similar size with an average charging frequency of 1.1 Scheduled charging leads to CO 2 emissions reductions of 10% to 15%. times a day. For example, Toyota said, take a user that recharges 1.6
Seasonal ethanol emissions from North America. Emissions for present-day are compared to those for the EISA and All-E85 scenarios. Ethanol is emitted to the atmosphere by both natural and anthropogenic processes; examples of the latter include industrial processes, biomass combustion and use as a biofuel mixed with gasoline.
When peat swamps are drained for agriculture, the peat begins to decompose, and is an enormous source of carbon emissions. Mha (20%) of the peatlands of Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra and Borneo in 2010, surpassing the area of Belgium and causing an annual carbon emission from peat decomposition of 230–310 Mt CO 2 e. Earlier post.).
California Clean Vehicle Rebate Project rebates by vehicle type through July 2012. As of July 2012, approximately 1,000 new plug-in vehicles are being sold in the state every month. The study surveyed more than 1,400 PEV owners in coordination with the California Air Resources Board (ARB) in early 2012. Source: CCSE.
L of diesel/100 km (56 mpg US), with CO 2 emissions of 109 g/km. This diesel hybrid will be available in the European market as a Saloon and Estate from the third quarter 2012. On the road, the E 300 BlueTEC HYBRID is comparable to the E 300 CDI (170 kW/540 N·m),but with around 35% lower fuel consumption and CO 2 emissions.
Tenneco is leveraging its expertise in diesel particulate filter (DPF) technology to develop gasoline particulate filters for 2017 model year light vehicles. Gasoline particulate filters effectively control particulate emissions under all operating conditions.
A study by researchers at Carnegie Mellon University has concluded that regulatory incentives for OEMs for alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs) intended to encourage a technology transition in the transportation fleet result in increased fleet-wide gasoline consumption and emissions. Earlier post.).
A research team from Empa (Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology) and the University of Applied Sciences Bern, Laboratory for Exhaust Emission Control, reports that ethanol blending appeared to reduce genotoxic emissions from a flex-fuel Euro-5 gasoline direct injection (GDI) vehicle (a Volvo V60 with a 1.6
l/100 km (65 mpg US) according to the MVEG cycle and CO 2 emissions of 92 g/km—making the new A 180 the most fuel-efficient combustion-engined Mercedes-Benz yet, according to the company. The A 180 BlueEFFICIENCY Edition gasoline model, with consumption of 5.2 gasoline, direct injection. diesel) and 0.3 6-spd manual.
million zero emission vehicles on the roads in their states by 2025, along with the refueling infrastructure required to support those vehicles. This multi-state effort is intended to expand consumer awareness and demand for zero-emission vehicles. US electric car sales in 2012 more than tripled to about 52,000 from 17,000 in 2011.
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