Green Car Congress

AUGUST 25, 2009

GHG emissions for ATP shale (low and high cases) and conventional gasoline in grams of CO 2 e per MJ of final fuel delivered. times larger than emissions from conventionally produced gasoline. Brandt, 2009. Among his findings were: Producing 1 MJ of reformulated gasoline from shale via the ATP requires the consumption of 0.56

Gasoline 239

Gasoline Oil Emissions Convert 239

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 12, 2011

Current case design block flow diagram of thermochemical gasoline from biomass-derived methanol and the methanol-to-gasoline process. Gasoline has a higher energy content than ethanol.) Source: NREL. Click to enlarge. gallon US ($0.52/liter). gallon US ($0.52/liter). gallon ($0.37/liter). per gallon ($0.41 per liter) and $1.49

Gasoline 225

Gasoline Gasoline-Electric Gas-Electric Convert 225

Green Car Congress

JUNE 12, 2010

FedEx has deployed 20 gasoline hybrid electric vehicles (gHEVs) on parcel delivery routes in the Sacramento and Los Angeles areas. FedEx has deployed 20 gasoline hybrid electric vehicles (gHEVs) on parcel delivery routes in the Sacramento and Los Angeles areas. Routes were exchanged between gHEV and diesel trucks after six months.

Fuel Economy 199

Fuel Economy Economy Gasoline Diesel 199

Green Car Congress

JUNE 25, 2009

For its Technology Day 2009 in Germany, BMW focused on describing its work with aerodyanmics, engines and transmissions in the context of its EfficientDyanmics development strategy. liter gasoline unit combining turbocharging, direct fuel injection and VALVETRONIC fully-variable valve management; a new 3.0-liter Click to enlarge.

BMW 199

BMW 2009 Engine Gasoline-Electric 199

Green Car Congress

APRIL 22, 2013

downsized, turbocharged) gasoline engine, as operating an engine with higher compression ratios at low load can increase fuel economy compared to operating an engine with fixed compression ratio. In comparison, naturally aspirated engines have a higher compression ratio in the order of 1 to 1.5 Click to enlarge. Kleeberg, H.,

Fuel Economy 218

Fuel Economy Economy Fuel Downsizing 218

Green Car Congress

APRIL 20, 2017

For the second successive year, the share of diesel vehicle sales declined and in 2016 fell below 50% of new sales—the lowest share of new sales since 2009 according to the official statistics. of new sales, followed by gasoline vehicles (47%), and alternatively fueled vehicles (3.3%, including electric vehicles).

2016 170

2016 Czech Republic Fuel Europe 170

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 17, 2013

The Electrification Coalition, launched in November 2009, is committed to promoting policies and actions that facilitate the deployment of electric vehicles on a mass scale in order to combat the economic, environmental, and national security threats posed by US dependence on petroleum. Earlier post.).

Houston 312

Houston Fleet Tax Credit Plug-in 312

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 22, 2010

The SUV has a full-tank range of 650 kilometers (404 miles)—equal to that of a gasoline-powered car. The new model gets gasoline equivalent fuel efficiency of 31 kilometers per liter (73 mpg US), a 15% improvement over the previous version. Comparison of new Tucson ix FCEV (3rd generation) and Tucson FCEV (2nd generation).

Hyundai 231

Hyundai Tucson 2015 Fuel 231

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 13, 2011

Lifecycle GHG emissions of renewable gasoline from the IH 2 process (GTI RG) compared to petroleum gasoline and diesel. for GTI’s Integrated Hydropyrolysis and Hydroconversion (IH 2 ) technology, which converts biomass directly into cellulosic gasoline and diesel hydrocarbon blendstocks. Property comparison.

Diesel 199

Diesel Production Gasoline Renewable 199

Green Car Congress

MAY 1, 2009

The team presented a paper on their work at the recent SAE 2009 World Congress in Detroit. SAE 2009-01-0138). The team studied three variants of gasoline (95, 98 and 102 RON) , three gasoline-ethanol blends (E10, E22 and E85), and a gasoline-butanol blend (Bu16) covering a range of oxygen concentrations and octane numbers.

Alcohol Blend 186

Alcohol Blend Downsizing Engine Fuel 186

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 13, 2014

Substituting biofuels for marginal fossil-based liquid fuels results in the avoidance of significant GHG emissions that are not currently accounted for in the European Renewable Energy Directive (2009/28/EC), according to a new analysis by the consultancy Ecofys. those that are marginally “not produced”. the marginal fossil fuels.

Oil-Sands 236

Oil-Sands Oil 2014 Fuel 236

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 5, 2016

A study of emissions from gasoline direct injection (GDI) vehicles in an urban near-road environment in Toronto over a wide range of weather conditions (February 2014 to January 2015) found that—other than for NO x and CO—the GDI engines had elevated emissions compared to the Toronto fleet. Naomi Zimmerman, Jonathan M. 5b04444.

Environment 150

Environment Emissions Exhaust 2014 150

Green Car Congress

APRIL 4, 2012

While light-vehicle sales have been strong in the first quarter of 2012, rising gasoline prices—which averaged $3.92 By comparison, the proportions of consumers with credit ratings in the A+-tier (720-999), A-tier (680-719) and B-tier (650-679) grew by rates of 7%, 11%, and 15%, respectively, during the same period.

Purchase 225

Purchase 2008 Power Powered 225

Green Car Congress

MARCH 24, 2010

The Government of India unveiled a transport stimulus package on 3 February 2009 to provide central funding to purchase buses for urban transport systems. According to NGVAmerica, the New Delhi Natural Gas Vehicle Program has halved the air pollution in comparison to ten years ago. India imports 70% of its diesel and gasoline.

India 186

India Stimulus Package Gas Engine 186

Green Car Congress

APRIL 26, 2009

The vehicle owner will realize high fuel economy because gasoline, with its greater eating value per volume, is the fuel that is primarily used for most driving modes. Furthermore, by enabling higher CR, downsizing and downspeeding, E85 DI + gasoline PFI makes the engine more efficient in itsusee of gasoline.

Diesel 170

Diesel Ford F-150 Gasoline 170

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 23, 2014

This is the sixth investment made at Kokomo Transmission (KTP) since June 2009, bringing total investment in FCA US Kokomo operations to nearly $1.8 That quantity of gasoline is worth approximately $2.5 to increase capacity of the fuel-efficient TorqueFlite transmission. billion at the pump, based on current fuel-price forecasts.

Chrysler 199

Chrysler Dodge Indiana Durango 199

Green Car Congress

JULY 9, 2015

The vehicles were chosen to be representative of the different segments of the European market; 12 were gasoline-fueled, and 9 were diesel-fueled. Moving from NEDC to WLTP did not have much impact on NO x from gasoline vehicles and CO from diesel vehicles. kW (143 hp). (As

Emissions 150

Emissions Vehicles Diesel Pollution 150

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 10, 2009

Comparison of Emission Standards (g/mi). . Cackette was in effect suggesting that the future tailpipe emissions baseline (LEV III) for light duty passenger vehicles—both diesel and gasoline—was likely to be or to approximate CA SULEV/US Tier 2 Bin 2. Current 50-state baseline Projected future baseline. CA LEV US T2B2 CA SULEV.

Gasoline 150

Gasoline Diesel Engine Emissions 150

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 26, 2012

Comparison of brake thermal efficiency and specific fuel consumption at rated power (ICOMIA Mode 5), hydrogen vs. gasoline engines. Oh’s hydrogen engine matched the rated power of the original gasoline engine, with an achieved best-point gross indicated thermal efficiency is 42.4%. Oh and Plante. Click to enlarge. kW) rating.

Engine 329

Engine Emissions Fleet Market 329

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 1, 2009

A member of the ETH research team, which is led by Lino Guzzella, Professor of Thermotronics, will present a paper on their work at the upcoming SAE World Congress 2009 in Detroit in April—one of a number to be presented on the topic there. SAE 2009-01-1326 , not yet published). SAE 2009-01-1304 , not yet published).

Hybrid 199

Hybrid Engine Downsizing 2009 199

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 5, 2009

All AMG vehicles will surpass the EU-5 standards which come into force from 2009 and also the EU-6 standards which will apply from 2014. From 2010 AMG will equip its vehicles with direct gasoline injection engines and with a stop-start function. In 2008, AMG sales increased by 19%, selling 24,200 vehicles (previous year 20,300).

2012 150

2012 Mercedes Fuel 2008 150

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 2, 2010

However, achieving such growth level will be dependent on two key factors: aggressive reductions in battery costs and rising gasoline prices. The median base price of autos sold between July 2009 and June 2010 in the US was $21,800.

Financing 283

Financing Plug-in 2020 Plug 283

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 16, 2015

g CO 2 eq/MJ for gasoline blendstock, 5.0 g CO 2 eq/MJ for gasoline blendstock, 10.2 The total WTW life cycle GHG emissions range from 97.55g-CO2eq/MJ-gasoline derived from Mars crude to 127.74 g-CO 2 eq/MJ-gasoline derived from California’s Kern County heavy oil. for diesel, and 5.1 for jet fuel. for diesel, and 10.3

Oil 150

Oil Gas Emissions Davis 150

Green Car Congress

JULY 8, 2015

Methanol-powered vehicles are one pillar of Geely Auto’s diversified new-energy strategy, which also encompasses ethanol, CNG, gasoline-electric hybrid, plug-in hybrid, pure-electric, and extended-range solutions. Their results showed that in comparison with gasoline mode, CO emitted in methanol mode decreased 11.2%.

Renewable 150

Renewable Carbon Water Fuel 150

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 26, 2010

Based on test work already carried out, Ricardo estimates that a fuel economy improvement of up to 30% is possible with no loss of power or performance, using a downsized EBDI engine in place of currently available gasoline powertrain technology. the torque of the gasoline engine and match the torque of the 6.6L One of the trucks.

Engine 218

Engine Energy Fuel Economy Gasoline 218

Green Car Congress

APRIL 4, 2010

L&I most recently inspected Tesoro in 2009, citing the company for 17 “serious” process safety management violations, with fines totaling $85,700. Tesoro’s retail-marketing system includes more than 880 branded retail stations, of which more than 380 are company-operated under the Tesoro, Shell, Mirastar and USA Gasoline brands.

Washington 210

Washington Alaska Seattle Oil 210

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 26, 2011

Comparison of the percent differential for WTW (well-to-wheel) GHGs from gasoline produced from WCSB oil sands using different production processes relative to gasoline produced from reference crudes. In 2009, Gulf Coast refineries imported approximately 5.1 Source: FEIS, Appendix V. Click to enlarge. refining capacity.

Oil-Sands 253

Oil-Sands Emissions Oil Oklahoma 253

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 30, 2009

In 1975, General Ernesto Geisel, then-president of Brazil, ordered the country’s gasoline supply mixed with 10% ethanol. The level was raised to 25% over the next five years, which was intended to maintain a constant Brazilian gasoline supply for an ever-increasing demand. These were arguably the first flex-fuel vehicles.

Transportation 317

Transportation Fuel Renewable Gasoline-Electric 317

Green Car Congress

MARCH 8, 2009

2009) Click to enlarge. per liter gasoline equivalent ($1.37 – $2.16 per liter gasoline equivalent ($0.96 Field-to-wheel CO 2 emissions and petroleum use for mature biorefinery scenarios relative to a conventional gasoline base case. 2009) Click to enlarge. Volume 3 Issue 2 (March/April 2009). Laser et al.

Emissions 170

Emissions Gas Fuel 2009 170

Green Car Congress

APRIL 28, 2011

Comparison with fossil fuels. Water is required for crude oil recovery by water flooding, enhanced oil recovery via steam injection, and steam extraction of bitumen from oil sands and during refining of crude oil to produce gasoline. —Mishra and Yeh. and from 0.29 L/VKT, respectively. and from 0.29 L/VKT, respectively.

Water 199

Water Davis Oil-Sands Nebraska 199

Green Car Congress

JUNE 10, 2009

Projects under this funding opportunity ( DE-FOA-0000079 ) will be financed, in whole or in part, with funds appropriated by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009. Applications are due by 9 September 2009. Measured fuel economy improvements cannot factor in a hybrid system.

Light 150

Light Fuel Economy Economy Engine 150

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 15, 2009

The Coskata process can produce more than 100 gallons of ethanol per ton of dry, ash-free biomass material at a cost competitive with expected gasoline prices—around $1.00 By comparison, the theoretical yield of ethanol from a dry ton of corn is 124.4 We will produce ethanol directly cost-competitive with gasoline.” —Wes

Commercial 150

Commercial Oil-Sands Water Gasoline 150

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 7, 2013

By comparison, in the European Union, the average number of vehicles per 1,000 inhabitants is approximately 500. Their place is taken by vehicles that run on pure ethanol or on a mixture of ethanol and gasoline (FlexFuel). As recently as 2009, the Mercedes E class was the only diesel sedan on the market.

Diesel 255

Diesel Global Market China 255

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 23, 2013

Not only is it more powerful and contains up to 30% better efficiency than traditional gasoline, etc. During his presentation at the TDI Efficiency Rally, UMTRI researcher Bruce Belzowski first presented a summary of his analysis of the total cost of ownership of diesels with a comparison to that of their gas vehicle counterparts.

Diesel 366

Diesel Audi Sale Fuel Economy 366

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 8, 2009

Rogers and Seager (2009). Rogers and Seager (2009). Rogers and Seager (2009). For their demonstration, Rogers and Seager used life cycle air emissions for five fuel alternatives: gasoline (GAS), low-sulfur diesel (LSD), 100% soy-biodiesel (BD100), electric vehicle (EV), and 85% corn-based ethanol (EtOH). Click to enlarge.

Transportation 150

Transportation Fuel 2009 Gas-Electric 150

Green Car Congress

JULY 15, 2011

Comparison of biomass-to-wheel (BTW) efficiency for different biomass utilization scenarios. internal combustion engine vehicle (ICE); hybrid electric vehicle-gasoline (HEV-gas); hybrid electric vehicle-diesel (HEV-diesel); (hydrogen) fuel cell vehicle (FCV); battery electric vehicle (BEV); and sugar fuel cell vehicle (SFCV).

Virginia 246

Virginia Fuel Hydrogen Gas-Electric 246

Green Car Congress

JUNE 15, 2011

BCG comparison of the CO 2 reduction potential and cost of different technologies. Although battery costs will fall sharply (approximately 64% from 2009 levels) to $400 per usable kWh at the pack level, this still represents a cost of $9,600 per vehicle to the consumer for the typical 20 kWh battery necessary for a pure battery EV.

CO2 246

CO2 Electric Cars 2020 United States 246