Cost Of, Economy, Fuel and Tax

Argonne study finds BEVs can have lowest scheduled maintenance costs, but highest cost of driving

Green Car Congress

JUNE 15, 2021

Researchers at Argonne National Laboratory, with colleagues from Lawrence Berkeley, Oak Ridge, and National Renewable Energy labs, and the University of Tennessee, have published a comprehensive analysis of the total cost of ownership (TCO) for 12 sizes of vehicles ranging from compact sedans up to Class 8 tractors with sleeper cabs.

Maintenance

Maintenance Cost Of Chad Plug-in

President Biden calls on Congress, States for fuel tax holiday; increase in refinery capacity

Green Car Congress

JUNE 23, 2022

President Biden called on Congress to suspend the federal gas tax for the next 90 days, through the busy summer driving season—18 cents per gallon for gasoline and 24 cents per gallon for diesel. He also called on states to suspend their state gas taxes as well or to find other ways to deliver some relief.

Congress

Congress Fuel Tax Tax Fuel

Argonne releases new cradle-to-grave lifecycle analysis of US LDV vehicle-fuel pathways

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 6, 2022

Argonne National Laboratory has published a new cradle-to-grave (C2G) lifecycle analysis (LCA) of US LDV vehicle-fuel pathways. The study provides a comprehensive analysis of the cost and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of a variety of vehicle-fuel pathways; the levelized cost of driving (LCD); and the cost of avoided GHG emissions.

Fuel

Fuel Vehicles PHEV Carbon

MIT study finds fuel economy standards are 6-14 times less cost effective than fuel tax for reducing gasoline use

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 21, 2013

In a study published in the journal Energy Economics , MIT researchers have found that a fuel economy standard is at least six to fourteen times less cost effective than a fuel tax when targeting an identical reduction in cumulative gasoline use (20% by 2050).

Fuel Economy

Fuel Economy MIT Fuel Tax Economy

Study finds running a hydrogen plane could be cheaper than traditional aircraft by 2035; requires correct policies and incentives

Green Car Congress

MAY 23, 2023

An economic study by research group Steer, and commissioned by T&E, looked at future operating costs of hydrogen planes on intra-European flights and found that they could be an efficient, cost competitive technology to decarbonize the sector, provided kerosene is taxed adequately. (If GJ—approximately €0.37/L.)

Hydrogen

Hydrogen Tax Green Emissions

GFEI report suggests $2T savings from fuel economy improvements in ICE vehicles through 2025 can help fund long-term transition to plug-ins

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 8, 2013

The GFEI, a partnership of international agencies and top energy policy experts, suggests that these cost savings could in part be used to help offset the costs of developing a global market for electric vehicles over this time frame, since the savings are estimated to be at least four times bigger than these costs.

Fuel Economy

Fuel Economy Economy Plug-in Plug

U Chicago study proposes market-based approach to fuel economy standards to deal with impacts of fuel price volatility

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 10, 2017

Volatile gasoline prices have caused some regulators and carmakers alike to question the cost and effectiveness of current fuel economy standards, with some arguing they are too stringent and others saying they should be even stronger.

Fuel Economy

Fuel Economy Chicago Economy Standards

UMTRI study finds total cost of ownership of diesels in US often much less than gasoline counterparts

Green Car Congress

JULY 9, 2015

Though there are some exceptions to these positive results for some of the diesel versions of vehicles from a total-cost-of-ownership perspective, the overall direction of the results supports the idea that diesel vehicles are competitive within the U.S.

Gasoline

Gasoline Cost Of Diesel Fuel Economy

UMTRI study finds US diesel vehicles generally have lower total cost of ownership than gasoline vehicles

Green Car Congress

JUNE 28, 2013

Diesel vehicles generally saved owners between $2,000 to $6,000 in total ownership costs during a three to five year period when compared to similar gasoline vehicles, according to data compiled by the University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute (UMTRI). —“Total Cost of Ownership”. Fuel Efficiency. Fuel Costs.

Diesel

Diesel Cost Of Gasoline Vehicles

Responsible Battery Coalition and U Michigan launch study to compare electric and gas vehicle lifetime costs

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 31, 2022

The Responsible Battery Coalition, in partnership with the University of Michigan Center for Sustainable Systems, launched a comprehensive research project to compare the total cost of ownership of gas and electric vehicles (EVs). Gregory Keoleian, Director of the Center for Sustainable Systems at the University of Michigan.

Michigan

Michigan Gas-Electric Gas Batteries

Belfer Center Study Concludes Reducing Car and Truck GHG Emissions Will Require Substantially Higher Fuel Prices; Income Tax Credits for Advanced Alt Fuel Vehicles Are Essentially Ineffective at Reducing Sector Emissions

Green Car Congress

MARCH 8, 2010

A new study from the Harvard Kennedy School’s Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs finds that reducing greenhouse gas emissions from transportation will be a much bigger challenge than many assume, and will require substantially higher fuel prices combined with more stringent regulations. —Morrow et al.

Tax Credit

Tax Credit Tax Emissions Fuel

Congressional Budget Office estimates US federal policies promoting EVs and other fuel-efficient vehicles will cost $7.5B through 2019; little or no impact on gasoline use and GHG in the short term

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 21, 2012

Tax credits and gasoline prices necessary for various electric vehicles to be cost-competitive with conventional vehicles at 2011 vehicle prices. That finding takes into account both the higher purchase price of an electric vehicle and the lower fuel costs over the vehicle’s life. Source: CBO. Click to enlarge.

Tax Credit

Tax Credit Gasoline Tax Gasoline-Electric

IEA technology and policy reports outline paths to halving fuel used for combustion-engined road transport in less than 40 years

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 20, 2012

IEA fuel economy readiness index status, 2010. New propulsion systems requiring new fuels, such as plug-in electric vehicle systems and fuel cell systems, are beyond the scope of this technology roadmap and are treated in separate roadmaps. Average fuel economy and new vehicles registrations, 2005 and 2008.

Fuel Economy

Fuel Economy Fuel Transportation Engine

OECD: governments should make better use of energy taxation to address climate change; “meaningful” increases limited to road sector

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 14, 2018

Taxes are effective at cutting harmful emissions from energy use, but governments could make better use of them. Tax rates were below the low-end estimate of climate costs (EUR 30/tCO 2 ) for 97% of emissions. Comparing taxes between 2012 and 2015 yields a disconcerting result. Governments should do more and better.

Climate Change

Climate Change Climate Tax Energy

Ford prices C-MAX Energi plug-in hybrid at $29,995 after federal tax credit; expects conquest rate of about 50%

Green Car Congress

JULY 24, 2012

Its eligibility for a $3,750 federal tax credit drops that to $29,995. Both Prius Plug-in models qualify for a federal tax credit of $2,500. Expected fuel economy for the C-MAX Energi is the equivalent of 95 miles per gallon (MPGe) combined city/highway—the same as for the Prius PHV.

Tax Credit

Tax Credit Plug-in Tax Ford

Study finds CO2 emissions trading more effective path to automotive CO2 reduction in Europe than tailpipe standards

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 11, 2016

The goal of this paper is to assess the resulting CO 2 emissions, energy, and economic impacts of the EU CO 2 mandates, and compare them to an alternative scenario where vehicle emissions are part of an emission trading system designed to meet Europe’s announced economy-wide targets. —Paltsev et al.

Standards

Standards Emissions CO2 Europe

Massachusetts Governor Proposes $0.19 Increase in State Fuel Tax to Support Transportation Projects

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 20, 2009

As part of a comprehensive reform plan to simplify the Commonwealth of Massachusetts’ transportation system, Governor Deval Patrick is proposing a fuel tax increase of $0.19 The increased fuel tax is intended to be in lieu of an increase in tolls. per gallon—a 81% increase of the current $0.235 per gallon.

Fuel Tax

Fuel Tax Massachusetts Tax Transportation

Survey Finds US Hybrids and Diesels Beat Gasoline Models on Full Cost of Ownership

Green Car Congress

JULY 9, 2009

An IntelliChoice.com survey finds that most 2009 US hybrid and clean diesel cars, trucks and SUVs deliver a lower total cost of ownership compared to gasoline versions of the same (or comparable) vehicles. The point we make is that it is not just about fuel. Buyers also need to consider costs such as maintenance and resale value.

Cost Of

Cost Of Gasoline Diesel Hybrid

ICCT calculates consumer benefits of increased efficiency in 2025-2030 light-duty vehicles in the US

Green Car Congress

JUNE 23, 2017

Those who finance their vehicles will see a net positive cash flow—again, specific to the additional cost of technology—starting immediately. Consumer benefits would be more than 3 times the costs of the standards. Fuel savings are 2.4 times the costs if fuel prices stay low for the next several decades.

Light

Light MPG Vehicles Fuel Economy

Brookings analysts recommend against repeating cash for clunkers program in future recession

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 3, 2013

However, the cost of CO 2 reduced was comparable or lower than that achieved through less cost-effective policies such as the tax subsidy for electric vehicles, the analysis concluded. The small increase in employment came at a far higher implied cost per job created ($1.4 Emissions Fuel Efficiency Policy'

Cash For Clunkers

Cash For Clunkers Future Stimulus 2009

National Research Council Report Explores Improving Fuel Economy of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles; Recommends Immediately Beginning Developing a Regulatory Approach

Green Car Congress

APRIL 2, 2010

Comparison of 2015-2020 new vehicle potential fuel-saving technologies for seven vehicle types: tractor trailer (TT), Class 3-6 box (box), Class 3-6 bucket (bucket), Class 8 refuse (refuse), transit bus (bus), motor coach (coach), and Class 2b pickups and vans (2b). This is called load-specific fuel consumption (LSFC). Source: TIAX.

Fuel Economy

Fuel Economy Economy Fuel Vehicles

Biosyncrude Gasification Process Could Produce Motor Fuel at Cost of Around $3/gallon

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 31, 2009

A crude oil price of US$100/bbl results in an approximate cost of €0.56/L gallon US) without tax for conventional motor fuel. Bioliq is a three-stage process, envisioning the use of distributed fast pyrolysis (FP) plants in combination with a large centralized gasification and fuel production facility. per liter (US$2.72-5.03/gallon

Cost Of

Cost Of Motoring Motors Motor

EPA and NHTSA Issue Notice of Intent to Develop New Greenhouse Gas and Fuel Economy Standards for Light-Duty Vehicle Model Years 2017-2025; Proposal Expected by 30 Sep 2011

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 1, 2010

The US Department of Transportation’s (DOT) National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) and the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) issued a Notice of Intent (NOI) to begin developing new standards for greenhouse gases and fuel economy for light-duty vehicles for the 2017-2025 model years. Earlier post.). Technologies.

Fuel Economy

Fuel Economy EPA 2017 Economy

Pencil-Necked Finance Dweebs Suggest Anyone Making Six-Figures Should Only Buy a $15,000 Car

The Truth About Cars

JANUARY 16, 2024

In order to reach this out-of-touch conclusion, the killjoys at Investopedia start with an assumption that one should limit their transportation expenses to 10 percent of an annual salary, including insurance, fuel, maintenance, and the car payment itself. In this economy whilst making a hundred grand. for a car payment.

Financing

Financing Buy Tundra Cars

Belfer Center report calls for policymakers to begin taking steps to change policies for funding US transportation infrastructure

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 23, 2010

users pay for the construction and maintenance of roads via a federal fuel tax. Revenues from the tax go into the federal Highway Trust Fund, which is independent of the General Fund; every five years or so Congress passes an authorization bill to allocate these revenues. States use similar mechanisms. —Huang et al.

Transportation

Transportation Fuel Tax Tax Gasoline-Electric

NITI Aayog bats for incentives for LNG-fuelled commercial vehicles – ET Auto

Baua Electric

FEBRUARY 7, 2024

NITI Aayog has proposed a host of fiscal and non-fiscal incentives, extension of the production linked incentive scheme to LNG-fueled vehicles and setting up a demand aggregator to encourage use of liquified natural gas (LNG) in medium and heavy commercial vehicles.

Commercial

Commercial Auto Vehicles Netherlands

Audi banking on Gen 2 3.0L TDI diesel for US sales; calls for a “fair shot” for diesel

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 23, 2013

Do they receive HOV access for their improved fuel economy and ultra low emissions? Do they get state or federal tax breaks? In fact in 6 of the states, diesel fuel is penalized with additional state taxes. So diesel fuel gets taxed twice or penalized twice at the federal and state level.

Diesel

Diesel Audi Sale Fuel Economy

ITF analysis finds that societal costs for electric cars and vans range from €7K to €12K more than fossil-fueled equivalents

Green Car Congress

JUNE 18, 2012

This additional cost represents what society is willing to pay in order to promote electromobility. The ITF calculation ignores taxes on fuel (as from society’s point of view these are a transfer rather than a net cost); includes subsidies; and accounts for air pollution impacts. Click to enlarge.

Electric Cars

Electric Cars Fuel Range Cars

The Importance of Electrifying Municipal Vehicles

Clean Fleet Report

APRIL 19, 2023

Electric vehicles produce no emissions and don’t rely on fossil fuels extracted from the ground. With those tax credits, electric municipal vehicles make sense in terms of saving money. Fuel prices remain steep. Rather than contributing to overseas markets, generating power at home lets people reinvest in their local economy.

Vehicles

Vehicles Tax Credit Arizona Pollution

U of Toronto study finds US electrification of LDV fleet not a silver bullet for tackling climate change in vehicle sector

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 1, 2020

a,b, Baseline cases (top dark-blue bar) and changes in emissions associated with increasing LDV travel demand, fuel consumption standards and electrification assuming current fuel economy policy (SAFE standards) (a) and stringent fuel economy policies (CAFE standards for conventional vehicles, along with high vehicle size and weight control) (b).

Climate Change

Climate Change Fleet Climate Vehicles

UMTRI study finds diesel vehicles save owners thousands in total ownership costs compared to gasoline vehicles

Green Car Congress

JULY 19, 2013

Green reviewed the role clean diesel vehicles play in the current vehicle fleet by analyzing the total cost of ownership of diesels and comparing it to that of their gas vehicle counterparts. They developed three- and five-year cost estimates of depreciation by modeling used-vehicle auction data and fuel costs by modeling government data.

Gasoline

Gasoline Diesel Vehicles Fuel Economy

BNEF: steel industry set to pivot to hydrogen in green push; additional $278B for clean capacity and retrofits

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 1, 2021

This would be a major shift in the type of furnaces and fuels used to produce steel. The next ten years could see a massive expansion of steel capacity to meet demand in growing economies, such as India. Most of the costs to make green steel come from operations, rather than capital costs.

Hydrogen

Hydrogen Clean Cleaning Industrial

Audi survey finds more than half of US drivers would support government initiative to spur diesel vehicle sales

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 17, 2013

Survey results show that 65% of American drivers would be in support of lawmakers’ efforts to make diesel more accessible to the American public; 66% of drivers think the government should offer a tax incentive on clean diesel vehicles. But, we argue that diesel needs an even playing field set by state and federal governments.

Audi

Audi Diesel Sale Available Today

China publishes plan to boost fuel-efficient and new energy vehicles and domestic auto industry; targeting 500K PHEVs and EVs in 2015, rising to 2M by 2020

Green Car Congress

JULY 9, 2012

China’s State Council has published a plan to develop the domestic energy-saving and new energy vehicle industry, which includes battery-electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid vehicles and fuel cell vehicles. Under the plan, by 2015 average passenger car fuel consumption is targeted to drop to 6.9 Fuel cell stack research.

Auto Industry

Auto Industry Industrial Industry 2015

The Wacky Untaxed World Of Jet Fuel Is Coming To An End

CleanTechnica EVs

FEBRUARY 7, 2022

The emissions of aviation will be priced, the cost of aviation will go up, and that's part of why my projection of aviation growth is flat through 2100.

Fuel

Fuel Price Emissions Cost Of

4 Powerful Reasons to Choose EV Connect for Your Fleet Charging

EV Connect

DECEMBER 4, 2023

The Economics of EV Fleet Adoption Transferring to an electric vehicle fleet isn’t just a reactive measure to capitalize on new tax credits or comply with recent regulations. At a business level, fleet operators need an accurate measure of fuel costs.

Connected

Connected Connect Fleet Charging

Study for European Parliament assesses options for turning CO2 into methanol for use in transport

Green Car Congress

MAY 25, 2014

Carbon dioxide recycling in the methanol economy Source: Olah et al. The study evaluated costs and benefits from a life cycle perspective in order to compare various raw materials for producing methanol and in order to reflect the potential benefits of methanol obtained from CO 2. 2009, earlier post. Click to enlarge.

Transportation

Transportation CO2 Carbon Hydrogen

NRC report concludes US LDVs could cut oil consumption and GHGs by 80% by 2050; reliance on plug-ins, biofuels and hydrogen; strong policies mandatory

Green Car Congress

MARCH 18, 2013

Projected rates of fuel consumption improvement under different scenarios relative to past experience and the 2016 and 2025 CAFE standards. In addition, alternative fuels to petroleum must be readily available, cost-effective and produced with low emissions of greenhouse gases. Source: NRC. Click to enlarge. —Douglas M.

Hydrogen

Hydrogen Oil Plug-in Fuel Economy

Suzuki Motor working on affordable hybrid for small cars, says R C Bhargava, Maruti to consider plug-in hybrids too | Autocar Professional

Baua Electric

APRIL 26, 2024

R C Bhargava, chairman of Maruti Suzuki said the cost of technology that goes into the Toyota hybrid is still quite high, that is why the cost of the car becomes high and with the GST at 43% – it makes the (hybrid) vehicle prices higher. “A Maruti Suzuki is targeting a 25% penetration of hybrids as part of its 3.0

Suzuki

Suzuki Affordable Plug-in Hybrid

Hybrid hype: types, tech, and the road ahead

Baua Electric

JANUARY 21, 2024

As a result, less fuel is burnt, and the fuel economy improves. To this extent, both the Japanese brands are now convincing the government to reduce taxes on these types of vehicles. High government taxes on hybrid cars are the primary cause of high pricing.

Hybrid

Hybrid Suzuki India Gasoline-Electric

GM begins market positioning for Cruze Diesel in 2013; small displacement diesels to “fill an important niche”

Green Car Congress

APRIL 27, 2012

We recognize this technology’s considerable appeal, particularly with young male car buyers, and we are ready to win them over with quality, torque and fuel economy. We’re seeing more consumers willing to invest in more advanced technology, fuel-efficient vehicles. —Mike Weidman, Cruze marketing manager.

Diesel

Diesel GM Market 2013

Maharashtra had largest fleet of e-2W, e-PV, e-bus in 2023: Report | Autocar Professional

Baua Electric

APRIL 11, 2024

With election vehicle adoption gradually picking up in the country, Maharashtra had the largest fleet of electric two-wheelers, passenger vehicles and buses at the end of 2023, according to research by Bloomberg New Economy Forum. Lower tax on electric vehicles compared with that of internal combustion engine models also aids sales.

Fleet

Fleet India Gasoline-Electric Sale

Perspective: US Needs to Transition to Hydrous Ethanol as the Primary Renewable Transportation Fuel

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 30, 2009

The oil price shocks of the 1970s led the Brazilian government to address the strain high prices were placing on its fragile economy. Under the Proalcool Program, sugar companies were ordered to increase production and the state-run oil company, Petrobras, was required to make álcool (ethanol) available at its fuel stations.

Transportation

Transportation Fuel Renewable Gasoline-Electric

OECD: rising air pollution-related deaths taking heavy toll on society; more should be done to reduce transport emissions

Green Car Congress

MAY 23, 2014

This pollution is costing advanced economies plus China and India an estimated US$3.5 It puts the cost at nearly US$1.4 In turn, we estimate that the costs of air pollution are higher—and they continue to rise. trillion in China and nearly US$0.5 trillion in India.

Pollution

Pollution Transportation Emissions India

Argonne study finds BEVs can have lowest scheduled maintenance costs, but highest cost of driving

President Biden calls on Congress, States for fuel tax holiday; increase in refinery capacity

Argonne releases new cradle-to-grave lifecycle analysis of US LDV vehicle-fuel pathways

MIT study finds fuel economy standards are 6-14 times less cost effective than fuel tax for reducing gasoline use

Study finds running a hydrogen plane could be cheaper than traditional aircraft by 2035; requires correct policies and incentives

GFEI report suggests $2T savings from fuel economy improvements in ICE vehicles through 2025 can help fund long-term transition to plug-ins

U Chicago study proposes market-based approach to fuel economy standards to deal with impacts of fuel price volatility

UMTRI study finds total cost of ownership of diesels in US often much less than gasoline counterparts

UMTRI study finds US diesel vehicles generally have lower total cost of ownership than gasoline vehicles

Responsible Battery Coalition and U Michigan launch study to compare electric and gas vehicle lifetime costs

Belfer Center Study Concludes Reducing Car and Truck GHG Emissions Will Require Substantially Higher Fuel Prices; Income Tax Credits for Advanced Alt Fuel Vehicles Are Essentially Ineffective at Reducing Sector Emissions

Congressional Budget Office estimates US federal policies promoting EVs and other fuel-efficient vehicles will cost $7.5B through 2019; little or no impact on gasoline use and GHG in the short term

IEA technology and policy reports outline paths to halving fuel used for combustion-engined road transport in less than 40 years

OECD: governments should make better use of energy taxation to address climate change; “meaningful” increases limited to road sector

Ford prices C-MAX Energi plug-in hybrid at $29,995 after federal tax credit; expects conquest rate of about 50%

Study finds CO2 emissions trading more effective path to automotive CO2 reduction in Europe than tailpipe standards

Massachusetts Governor Proposes $0.19 Increase in State Fuel Tax to Support Transportation Projects

Survey Finds US Hybrids and Diesels Beat Gasoline Models on Full Cost of Ownership

ICCT calculates consumer benefits of increased efficiency in 2025-2030 light-duty vehicles in the US

Brookings analysts recommend against repeating cash for clunkers program in future recession

National Research Council Report Explores Improving Fuel Economy of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles; Recommends Immediately Beginning Developing a Regulatory Approach

Biosyncrude Gasification Process Could Produce Motor Fuel at Cost of Around $3/gallon

EPA and NHTSA Issue Notice of Intent to Develop New Greenhouse Gas and Fuel Economy Standards for Light-Duty Vehicle Model Years 2017-2025; Proposal Expected by 30 Sep 2011

Pencil-Necked Finance Dweebs Suggest Anyone Making Six-Figures Should Only Buy a $15,000 Car

Belfer Center report calls for policymakers to begin taking steps to change policies for funding US transportation infrastructure

NITI Aayog bats for incentives for LNG-fuelled commercial vehicles – ET Auto

Audi banking on Gen 2 3.0L TDI diesel for US sales; calls for a “fair shot” for diesel

ITF analysis finds that societal costs for electric cars and vans range from €7K to €12K more than fossil-fueled equivalents

The Importance of Electrifying Municipal Vehicles

U of Toronto study finds US electrification of LDV fleet not a silver bullet for tackling climate change in vehicle sector

UMTRI study finds diesel vehicles save owners thousands in total ownership costs compared to gasoline vehicles

BNEF: steel industry set to pivot to hydrogen in green push; additional $278B for clean capacity and retrofits

Audi survey finds more than half of US drivers would support government initiative to spur diesel vehicle sales

China publishes plan to boost fuel-efficient and new energy vehicles and domestic auto industry; targeting 500K PHEVs and EVs in 2015, rising to 2M by 2020

The Wacky Untaxed World Of Jet Fuel Is Coming To An End

4 Powerful Reasons to Choose EV Connect for Your Fleet Charging

Study for European Parliament assesses options for turning CO2 into methanol for use in transport

NRC report concludes US LDVs could cut oil consumption and GHGs by 80% by 2050; reliance on plug-ins, biofuels and hydrogen; strong policies mandatory

Suzuki Motor working on affordable hybrid for small cars, says R C Bhargava, Maruti to consider plug-in hybrids too | Autocar Professional

Hybrid hype: types, tech, and the road ahead

GM begins market positioning for Cruze Diesel in 2013; small displacement diesels to “fill an important niche”

Maharashtra had largest fleet of e-2W, e-PV, e-bus in 2023: Report | Autocar Professional

Perspective: US Needs to Transition to Hydrous Ethanol as the Primary Renewable Transportation Fuel

OECD: rising air pollution-related deaths taking heavy toll on society; more should be done to reduce transport emissions

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