Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 22, 2010

Comments may be submitted through 30 November 2010. These goals are to: Reduce the cost of producing hydrogen from renewable resources, nuclear energy, and coal with carbon sequestration; Reduce the cost of delivering, storing, and dispensing hydrogen; and.

Hydrogen 271

Hydrogen 2010 Fuel 2015 271

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 9, 2009

Australia-based underground coal gasification (UCG) company Linc Energy ( earlier post ) has signed an exclusive agreement with the UK-based alkaline fuel cell technology company AFC Energy Plc and its related company, B9 Coal ( earlier post ). Linc Energy anticipates commencing testing of the system at Chinchilla by mid April 2010.

Coal 199

Coal Companies Power Powered 199

Green Car Congress

JUNE 19, 2018

This year’s outlook is the first to highlight the significant impact that falling battery costs will have on the electricity mix over the coming decades. BNEF predicts that lithium-ion battery prices, already down by nearly 80% per megawatt-hour since 2010, will continue to tumble as electric vehicle manufacturing builds up through the 2020s.

Wind 220

Wind Solar Global Coal 220

Green Car Congress

APRIL 16, 2015

Results from the study also suggest that with sufficient coal plant retirement and sufficient wind power, controlled charging could result in positive net benefits instead of negative. Reduction in annual generation cost and external emissions costs due to controlled charging compared to uncontrolled charging ($2010).

Charging 150

Charging Coal Grid District of Columbia 150

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 10, 2014

As the world population increases by the estimated 30% from 2010 to 2040, ExxonMobil sees global GDP rising by about 140%, but energy demand by only about 35% due to greater efficiency. Across OECD nations, the Outlook assumes the implied cost of policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions will reach about $80 per tonne in 2040.

Energy 252

Energy Global 2010 Oil-Sands 252

Green Car Congress

APRIL 18, 2013

Since 1990, however, the ESCII (2010 = 100) has remained essentially static, changing by less than 1%. tCO 2 /toe); in 2010 it was 56.7 The IEA said that this reflects the continued domination of fossil fuels—particularly coal—in the energy mix and the slow uptake of other, lower-carbon supply technologies.

Carbon 265

Carbon Supplies Global Transportation 265

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 10, 2011

With subsidies long in place for nuclear, coal and gas in the US along with the cheap cost of production for coal and natural gas, solar is essentially competing with that $0.10/kWh kWh average cost of electricity in the United States and globally.

Solar 246

Solar Future Energy New Jersey 246

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 23, 2012

Net petroleum imports as a share of total US liquid fuels consumed drop from 49% in 2010 to 38% in 2020 and 36% in 2035 in AEO2012. EIA added a premium to the capital cost of CO 2 -intensive technologies to reflect current market behavior regarding possible future policies to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. Click to enlarge.

Oil 210

Oil 2005 Production 2010 210

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 3, 2014

As a result, concentrations of particulate matter (PM 10 ) declined by more than half, from 196 µg/m 3 in 2001 to 89 µg/m 3 in 2010, as measured at eight sites throughout the city. The cost of premature death due to air pollution decreased by 3.83 Particulate matter is released by coal-burning plants and other sources.

Pollution 218

Pollution Chinese 2001 2010 218

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 15, 2013

By 2040, hybrids are expected to account for about 35% of the global light-duty vehicle fleet, up from less than 1% in 2010. In 2010, about 75% of the world’s vehicles were in OECD countries. liters per 100 km) in 2010. Hybrids are expected to account for about half of global new-car sales by 2040. Source: ExxonMobil.

Oil-Sands 309

Oil-Sands Energy Hybrid Sale 309

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 30, 2013

Globally 131 million tons of ammonia were produced in 2010. Natural gas or coal is used as the energy source of the ammonia industry. Globally 245 million tons of CO 2 were released by the ammonia industry in 2010 equivalent to about 50% of the UK CO 2 emissions (495.8 tons of CO 2 is released per ton of ammonia produced.

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Water 2010 Energy Storage Mariner 268

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 17, 2015

The cost of generating power from renewable energy sources has reached parity or dropped below the cost of fossil fuels for many technologies in many parts of the world, according to a new report released by the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA). Real weighted average cost of capital is 7.5% Source: IRENA.

Renewable 150

Renewable Parts Power Powered 150

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 27, 2011

Value of life-cycle emissions externality damages and oil premium costs from vehicles in 2010 $. We compare externality and oil consumption costs to the costs of owning and operating these vehicles and to subsidies designed to encourage their adoption. Michalek et al. Click to enlarge. —Michalek et al.

PHEV 186

PHEV Oil Emissions Batteries 186

Green Car Congress

MARCH 12, 2019

At the same time, CO2 emissions at all plants are to be cut 50% by 2025 compared with 2010. The conversion of the power station in Wolfsburg from coal to gas will reduce CO 2 emissions by 1.5 Volkswagen’s goal is to enable an industrial level of production with this technology together with its partner QuantumScape. Earlier post.).

CO2 220

CO2 Electric Electrical All-Electric 220

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 28, 2012

biomass or coal). An initial proposed plant using GEM*STAR’s with the Fischer-Tropsch process would produce 70 million gallons of diesel fuel per year at an estimated cost of production of less than $2.00 Conceptual F-T production using process heat from GEM*STAR and coal as a feedstock, from a 2010 ADNA presentation.

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Molten Salt Fuel Production Coal 320

Baua Electric

MAY 18, 2024

From 2010-2015, there was a lot of action in the hatchback space. However low the cost of operations becomes; the buyer still has to find the money to buy the car initially. But remember about electric cars; India cannot meet its goals of carbon neutrality with electricity generated by coal. It will lower the cost of operations.

Future 52

Future SUV India Affordable 52

Cars That Think

JUNE 24, 2022

Greenhouse gas emissions will certainly grow too, because India’s energy generation is dominated by fossil fuels—coal-fired power plants for electricity, coal- and gas-fired furnaces for industrial heating, liquid petroleum gas for cooking, and gasoline and diesel for transportation. costs less than fossil-fuel-based electricity.

Coal 88

Coal Energy Storage Wind India 88

Green Car Congress

APRIL 13, 2014

giga tonne carbon dioxide equivalent (GtCO 2 eq) (2.2%) per year from 2000 to 2010 compared to 0.4 Total anthropogenic GHG emissions were the highest in human history from 2000 to 2010 and reached 49 (±4.5) GtCO 2 eq/yr in 2010. Increased use of coal relative to other energy sources has reversed the long? to 3% per year.

Emissions 257

Emissions Climate Change 2000 Climate 257

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 15, 2010

Furthermore, they write, if the relative cost of cutting emissions was high in a given sector, then growing emissions alone would not solely justify major focus on cutting in that sector alone. Yet, coal-fired emissions in Alberta receive relatively little attention from environmental organizations and the public. Bergerson and Keith.

Oil-Sands 225

Oil-Sands Oil Emissions Coal 225

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 7, 2009

Coal-fired power plants currently generate approximately 50% of the electricity in the United States. While coal is a cheap and abundant resource, the continued reliance upon coal as an energy source could potentially have serious consequences in terms of global warming.

Carbon 199

Carbon Plug-in Energy Fuel 199

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 12, 2012

The report also finds that by 2035 global energy savings could be equivalent to nearly 20% of global demand in 2010. barely rises in OECD countries, although there is a pronounced shift away from oil, coal (and, in some countries, nuclear) towards natural gas and renewables. Energy demand. Renewables.

Global 225

Global 2012 Energy Oil 225

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 7, 2009

The projects—led by FuelCell Energy, in partnership with VersaPower Systems, and Siemens Energy—have successfully demonstrated solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) designed for aggregation and use in coal-fueled central power generation. Cost of $700 per kilowatt (2007 dollars) for an integrated fuel cell power block.

Coal 150

Coal Low Cost 2007 2012 150

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 13, 2016

Furthermore, The EU Emissions Trading System threshold, will be reduced by 1.74% (based on the 2010 cap) annually. UKPIA has calculated that the total additional costs for UK refineries are up to £75 million/year (US$95 million/year) using an allowance cost of £10.50/t t CO 2 (US$13.27/t Steel making.

2017 150

2017 Design Power Powered 150

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 11, 2010

The costs of these alternative energy technologies are falling rapidly, and they are on the path to becoming cost-competitive within the next five to ten years, if not sooner. Cleaner coal through carbon capture and sequestration. BCG, November 2010). The report, “What’s Next for Alternative Energy?

Solar 295

Solar Boston Consulting Group Power Powered 295

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 16, 2010

Propane is a cleaner burning fossil fuel, yielding 87% less hydrocarbons and 50% fewer toxins than gasoline, and is more economical compared to petroleum-based options, roughly 40 to 50% less than gasoline/diesel per gallon, although less attractive on a cost per energy equivalent basis due to its lower energy content. infrastructures (e.g.,

USA 239

USA Engine Alternative Fuels Gasoline 239

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 28, 2010

Global HEV, PHEV and BEV sales in 2010 are forecasted to total 954,500 vehicles, or 2.2% million vehicles projected to be sold through the end of 2010. Power and Associates global forecast numbers for the third-quarter of 2010. million units in 2020, or some 7.3% million units (about 5.5%

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2020 Global Electric Vehicles Hybrid 250

Green Car Congress

MAY 7, 2009

The National Hydrogen Association (NHA) and US Fuel Cell Council (USFCC) issued a joint statement criticizing the cuts in the hydrogen and fuel cell vehicle program in the Obama Administration’s FY 2010 budget request for the US Department of Energy. Earlier post.). The budget request includes a 59.6%

Hydrogen 150

Hydrogen Fuel Obama Power Grid 150

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 31, 2015

2010 and 2015 LCOE ranges for solar and wind technologies. The cost of producing electricity from renewable sources such as wind and solar has been falling for several years. The report calculates the cost of producing electricity from different types of new power plants. Source: IEA/NEA. Click to enlarge. Source: IEA/NEA.

Cost Of 150

Cost Of Renewable South Africa Power 150

Green Car Congress

APRIL 20, 2011

In addition, China also possesses an advantage in electric motors, which is partly due to its position as the dominant producer of rare earth.Rare earth materials, specifically neodymium, contribute approximately 30 percent of the material cost of permanent magnet motors, one of the key motor types used in electric propulsion systems.

China 199

China Global Supplies Vehicles 199

Green Car Congress

JUNE 19, 2009

Fuel cell system durability has improved and costs have been reduced through R&D, the ARB staff noted. In volume production, FCVs are expected to be cost competitive with other advanced vehicles, and are approaching the cost of advanced hybrid system even with current designs and high costs of materials.

Hydrogen 150

Hydrogen Fuel California Vehicles 150

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 26, 2010

The cost of hydrogen—which varies widely depending on location, mode of production and supply, and natural gas prices—is important in determining how much hydroprocessing should be done before deoxygenation with the zeolite catalyst, the authors note. Credit: Science , Vispute et al. Click to enlarge. —Vispute et al.

Oil 225

Oil Convert Hydrogen Fuel 225

Green Car Congress

APRIL 25, 2011

Red Wolf, formed in 2010, is in the process of raising $3 million through an equity offering to commercialize the thermal-chemical catalytic process. According to Red Wolf, the process produces low levels of CO 2 relative to processes such as Fischer-Tropsch and coal liquefaction for the production of synthetic hydrocarbon fuels.

Commercial 199

Commercial 2016 Production Water 199

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 5, 2009

Among its findings, the report notes that in DOE’s assessment, “ although significant progress has been made ”, fuel cell cost is still too high and durability still too low to enable industry to meet the deployment goal of 100,000 hydrogen-fueled vehicles by 2010, as specified in EPACT. The 2015 cost target was $2-$3/gge.

Congress 150

Congress Hydrogen Market Fuel 150

Green Car Congress

MARCH 18, 2013

In response to a Congressional mandate in 2010, the National Research Council (NRC) convened the Committee on Transitions to Alternative Vehicles and Fuels to assess the potential for vehicle and fuel technology options to achieve substantial reductions in petroleum use and GHG emissions by 2050 relative to 2005. —Douglas M.

Hydrogen 244

Hydrogen Oil Plug-in Fuel Economy 244

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 13, 2011

The MIT Energy Initiative (MITEI) has released a report on the proceedings—and papers that informed those proceedings—of the 8 April 2010 symposium on The Electrification of the Transportation System: Issues and Opportunities. low cost is only achieved in large-volume, highly automated factories. —Deutch and Moniz.

Transportation 252

Transportation MIT Oil Prices Oil 252

Green Car Congress

JUNE 10, 2011

For light passenger vehicles, even at 2010 oil-natural gas price differentials, the high incremental costs of CNG vehicles lead to longer payback times for the average driver, so significant penetration of CNG into the passenger fleet is unlikely in the short term, the report finds.

MIT 299

MIT Gas Transportation Future 299

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 7, 2010

Also, using renewable electricity to replace electricity produced by carbon-intensive energy sources, for example, coal, would likely result in a greater reduction in emissions than using that electricity to convert CO 2 into liquid fuels. Kenis (2010) Prospects of CO 2 Utilization via Direct Heterogeneous Electrochemical Reduction.

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Conversion CO2 Hydrogen Carbon 186