Green Car Congress

AUGUST 1, 2014

Researchers at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) have devised an alloying strategy that enables sodium-beta batteries to operate at significantly lower temperatures. The new electrode enables sodium-beta batteries to last longer, helps streamline their manufacturing process and reduces the risk of accidental fire.

Sodium 218

Sodium Battery Batteries Energy Storage 218

Green Car Congress

APRIL 5, 2021

Seawater contains significant quantities of lithium—approximately 5,000 times more than is found on land—potentially providing an almost unlimited resource of lithium for meeting the rapid growth in demand for lithium batteries. 13000 ppm of sodium, magnesium, calcium, and potassium ions, among others). —Li et al.

Li-ion 476

Li-ion Saudi Arabia Sodium Electrical 476

Green Car Congress

APRIL 10, 2013

Flowchart of Molten Sodium Upgrading process. An innovative oil-upgrading technology that can increase the economics of unconventional petroleum resources has been developed under a US Department of Energy-funded project. Source: Field Upgrading. Click to enlarge. Click to enlarge.

Sodium 199

Sodium Oil-Sands Oil Molten Salt 199

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 17, 2022

The hot brine that comes up from the subsurface as part of geothermal power production at the Salton Sea in California is a rich stew of minerals, including iron, magnesium, calcium, sodium, and lithium. We’ll look at how quickly might you expect the resource to be regenerated—is it centuries? Credit: Jenny Nuss/Berkeley Lab).

Bolivia 259

Bolivia California South America Hawaii 259

Green Car Congress

JUNE 3, 2012

a clean water company that recovers phosphorus and nitrogen from industrial and municipal wastewaters to create premium fertilizers, completed a US$14.5-million Ostara Nutrient Recovery Technologies Inc., million private equity financing. a fund managed by FourWinds Capital Management. a fund managed by FourWinds Capital Management.

Water 225

Water Cleaning Clean Companies 225

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 10, 2014

Sodium-ion batteries (Na-ion, NIBs) are seen as an alternative to lithium-ion batteries for large-scale applications due to their lower cost and abundant supply of sodium. We also demonstrate a battery with the stibnite–graphene composite that is free from sodium metal, having energy density up to 80? Yu, Petr V. Mason, Sudip K.

Sodium 199

Sodium Battery Batteries Lithium Ion 199

Green Car Congress

JUNE 6, 2012

The thermochemical production of hydrogen and oxygen from water via a series of chemical reactions is of interest because it directly converts thermal energy into stored chemical energy (hydrogen and oxygen), and thus can take advantage of excess heat given off by other processes. —Xu et al. NaMnO 2 at 850 °C; Na + extraction from ?-NaMnO

Water 210

Water Davis Sodium Engine 210

Green Car Congress

MAY 14, 2010

Schematic representation and operating principles of the lithium–water electrochemical cell used for hydrogen generation: (1) external circuit and (2) inside of lithium–water electrochemical cell. the high-school chemistry demonstration of the violent reaction between sodium and water.). sea water) by using sunlight.

Water 186

Water Lithium Ion Li-ion Hydrogen 186

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 24, 2014

The circulating seawater in the open-cathode system results in a continuous supply of sodium ions, endowing the system with superior cycling stability that allows the application of various alternative anodes to sodium metal by compensating for irreversible charge losses. an alloying material), in full sodium-ion configuration.

Recharge 285

Recharge Sodium Fuel Hybrid 285

Green Car Congress

APRIL 12, 2023

Generation of H 2 and O 2 from untreated water sources represents a promising alternative to ultrapure water required in contemporary proton exchange membrane-based electrolysis. Resources D.H. The results of their study, published in Joule , could help advance efforts to produce low-carbon fuels. Marin, J.T. Perryman et al.

Hydrogen 418

Hydrogen Mariner Water Sodium 418

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 30, 2012

Schematic representation of the working principle behind a complete cycle of the desalination battery, showing how energy extraction can be accomplished: step 1, desalination; step 2, removal of the desalinated water and inlet of seawater; step 3, discharge of Na + and Cl ? in seawater; step 4, exchange to new seawater. Click to enlarge.

Concept 246

Concept Battery Batteries Sodium 246

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 24, 2010

A team of researchers from Tufts University, the University of Wisconsin-Madison and Harvard University report that alkali ions (sodium or potassium) added in small amounts activate platinum adsorbed on alumina or silica for the low-temperature water-gas shift (WGS) reaction (H 2 O+CO→ H 2 +CO 2 ) used for producing hydrogen.

Water 170

Water Hydrogen Gas Sodium 170

Green Car Congress

APRIL 11, 2014

The nanosized crystalline primary particles and high surface areas enable an increased rate of photocatalytic hydrogen production from water and extended working life. They then treat the material with a sodium potassium alloy. Micrograph of mesoporous silicon with sodium chloride and potassium chloride salts embedded in the matrix.

Li-ion 218

Li-ion Sodium Lithium Ion Production 218

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 26, 2011

Researchers from Tatung and National Cheng Kung Universities in China, and Case Western Reserve University in Ohio, report manufacturing a new oxygenate additive for diesels (bio or petroleum) using glycerol (a major byproduct of biodiesel production), dimethyl sulfate (DMS), and sodium hydroxide pellets as raw materials. —Chang et al.

Diesel 218

Diesel Sodium Fuel Ohio 218

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 2, 2011

Canadian oil sands are a complex mixture of sand, clays, water, and bitumen. For surface mining oil sands production, a hot water extraction process (HWEP) has been widely applied. In this process, hot water and processing aids are mixed with oil sands to liberate bitumen from the minerals by shearing the oil sand particles.

Oil-Sands 170

Oil-Sands Water Oil Sodium 170

Green Car Congress

JULY 28, 2021

The deposit contains 136 million tonnes of declared resources. Following ramp-up to full production in 2029, the mine will produce ~58,000 tonnes of lithium carbonate, 160,000 tonnes of boric acid (B 2 O 3 units) and 255,000 tonnes of sodium sulfate annually, making Rio Tinto one of the top ten lithium producers in the world.

Serbia 397

Serbia Carbon Water Sodium 397

Green Car Congress

JULY 2, 2021

Bottom, secondary products recovered from the ash, from left to right: liquid sodium silicate or “water glass”, precipitated SiO 2 , precipitated ZnSO 4. tons of fossil resources and vast quantities of water; the process generates up to three tons of carbon dioxide. © Fraunhofer IBP.

Carbon 413

Carbon Cars Sodium Industry 413

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 24, 2020

With the depletion of light oil resources and rising energy demands, the successful recovery of heavy oil is becoming increasingly important. To yield more oil, water may be injected into the reservoir to maintain pressure in order to keep the flow moving. —Yuichiro Nagatsu, corresponding author. —Yuichiro Nagatsu.

Oil 243

Oil Water Sodium Polymer 243

Green Car Congress

JULY 28, 2009

Using electrolyzed water rather than harsh chemicals could be a more effective and environmentally friendly method in the pretreatment of ethanol waste products to produce an acetone-butanol-ethanol fuel mix, according to research conducted at the University of Illinois. Resources. coli on fresh fruits and vegetables.

Water 150

Water Waste Production Fuel 150

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 22, 2020

These plants pump hot water from geothermal deposits and use it to generate electricity. The LDH sorbent is made up of layers of the materials, separated by water molecules and hydroxide ions that create space, allowing lithium chloride to enter more readily than other ions such as sodium and potassium. Lili Wu, Samuel F.

Waste 314

Waste Water United States Davis 314

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 13, 2021

Fresh water is then used to release the stored lithium. Purification of the lithium, then reaction with sodium carbonate to convert it to lithium carbonate. 3,500/t LCE EXW), with large-scale drainable resources (nearly 10 Mt LCE). Once filtered again and washed, it achieves the chemical quality of the finished product. .$3,500/t

Argentina 335

Argentina Building Chinese Financing 335

Green Car Congress

APRIL 26, 2022

Saint-Gobain Glass then mixes the recyclate with, among other things, quartz sand, sodium carbonate, and chalk—the basic components of glass. To do that, the glass granulate is initially segregated by type for clear verification of source and color and then stored in bins. That will mean that the company will emit up to 75 tons less CO?

Audi 369

Audi Cars Sodium Carbon 369

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 18, 2012

The electrolyte is transformed into a sodium sulfate salt, which is then used in textiles, glass, and detergent manufacturing. Department of Natural Resources Stewardship Program, and storm water management. More than 98% of the batteries are recycled. Iron by-products are used in other industrial processes.

South Carolina 225

South Carolina Battery Batteries Lead Acid 225

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 26, 2022

In the mid-20 th century, chemical companies successfully created magnesium feedstock from seawater by mixing it with sodium hydroxide, commonly known as lye. For example, the sodium hydroxide used to extract the magnesium salt can be generated on site using seawater and marine renewable energy. —Wang et al. 2c00229.

Sodium 259

Sodium Mariner Washington Renewable 259

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 12, 2019

Researchers say the device, composed of inexpensive non-noble metal nitrides, manages to avoid many of the obstacles that have limited earlier attempts to inexpensively produce hydrogen or safe drinking water from seawater. The work is described in an open-access paper in Nature Communications.

Hydrogen 247

Hydrogen Production Houston Sodium 247

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 17, 2014

The TWR commercial reactor plant design is a 1,150 MW liquid-sodium-cooled fast reactor that uses depleted uranium as fuel. The novel design allows for the use of depleted uranium generated by the enrichment process used for existing light water reactors fueled with enriched uranium. Resources. Source: TerraPower. Petroski, J.

2009 257

2009 Sodium Water 2012 257

Green Car Congress

MARCH 8, 2019

Researchers at Wuhan University in China have developed a new electrochemical cell, PANI/Li x Mn 2 O 4 , for selective recovery of Li + ions from brine water with high impurity cations (K + , Na + , Mg 2+ , etc). free technology for Li + extraction from brine waters. 1 LiCl and a strong cycle ability with 70.8% Zhao et al. Zhao, A. ,

Li-ion 220

Li-ion Pollution Lithium Ion Water 220

Green Car Congress

JUNE 14, 2011

Bicarbonates are a component of many natural stones and are also commonly used as baking powder or sherbet (sodium bicarbonate, NaHCO 3 ). to sodium formate in 96% yield at 70 °C in water/THF without additional CO 2. In comparison to CO 2 , solid bicarbonate is easy to handle and is very soluble in water.

Hydrogen 210

Hydrogen CO2 Sodium Store 210

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 4, 2019

In addition to its advantage of size, the presence of hydrogen as a constituent of water enables fast conduction of protons in aqueous systems by a displacive mechanism first postulated by von Grotthuss in 1806. Computational scientists have made tremendous progress on understanding how the proton hopping really occurs in water.

Oregon 268

Oregon Battery Batteries Li-ion 268

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 17, 2014

EO28), were identified in hydraulic fracturing flowback and produced water using a new application of the Kendrick mass defect and liquid chromatography/ quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The Kendrick mass defect differentiates the proton, ammonium, and sodium adducts in both singly and doubly charged forms. Resources.

Oil-Sands 225

Oil-Sands Colorado Water Oil 225

Green Car Congress

MARCH 21, 2013

The new approach, described in an open access paper in the journal Biotechnology for Biofuels , potentially could significantly reduce costs of sugar production from lignocellulose by eliminating the need for costly enzymes and decreasing the water consumption requirements. Significantly reduced volume of water (.

Molten Salt 244

Molten Salt Water Sodium Conversion 244

Green Car Congress

JUNE 15, 2015

Researchers led by a team from Griffith University in Australia have developed a multifunctional polymer binder that not only maintains the outstanding binding capabilities of sodium alginate but also enhances the mechanical integrity and lithium-ion diffusion coefficient in a LiFePO 4 (LFP) electrode during the operation of the batteries.

Li-ion 150

Li-ion Polymer Lithium Ion Sodium 150

Green Car Congress

MARCH 10, 2013

They quantified energy and material resource requirements for currently available energy storage technologies: lithium ion (Li-ion), sodium sulfur (NaS) and lead-acid (PbA) batteries; vanadium redox (VRB) and zinc-bromine (ZnBr) flow batteries; and geologic pumped hydroelectric storage (PHS) and compressed air energy storage (CAES).

Energy Storage 304

Energy Storage Grid Cost Of Energy 304

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 8, 2010

Also, the conversion requires the toxic chemicals sulfuric acid and either potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide. Waste vegetable oil is made up of triacylglycerols, free fatty acids, and water. The second reaction converts the triacylglycerols into biodiesel, but that conversion requires sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide.

Waste 210

Waste Oil Sodium Conversion 210

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 28, 2012

Uranium in nuclear fuel rods is in a chemical form that is “pretty insoluble” in water, said Professor Alexandra Navrotsky, UC Davis, corresponding author on the paper, unless the uranium is oxidized to uranium-VI—a process that can be facilitated when radiation converts water into peroxide, a powerful oxidizing agent.

Fuel 231

Fuel Davis Sodium Universal 231

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 2, 2014

A team of researchers from universities and national laboratories led by Tufts University has developed catalysts composed of a unique structure of single gold atoms bound by oxygen to several sodium or potassium atoms and supported on non-reactive silica materials. This single-site gold species is active for the low-temperature (.

Hydrogen 199

Hydrogen Li-ion Fuel Production 199

Green Car Congress

JUNE 19, 2010

Westinghouse AP-1000, advanced pressured water reactor (APWR, about 1,200MW capacity. GE Hitachi ABWR (advanced boiling water reactor), 1,300-1,600MW. India PHWR (pressurized heavy water reactor),540-700MW. Sodium-cooled fast reactor (SFR). Super-Critical Water-cooled Reactor (SCWR). GE Hitachi ESWBR, 1600 MW.

Global 210

Global Molten Salt Powered Power 210