Emissions, Exhaust, Gasoline and Pollution

New Emissions Analytics study suggests pollution from tire wear now 1,850 times worse than exhaust emissions

Green Car Congress

MAY 13, 2022

In early 2020, UK-based independent testing firm Emissions Analytics published a study claiming that tire particulate wear emissions were 1,000 times worse than exhaust emissions ( earlier post ). —Emissions Analytics. Quoting such ratios, however, needs careful interpretation.

Exhaust

Exhaust Emissions Pollution Legal

HEI launches two new non-tailpipe particulate emission studies

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 8, 2023

The Health Effects Institute (HEI) has launched two new studies funded under RFA 21-1, Quantifying Real-World Impacts of Non-Tailpipe Particulate Matter Emissions. The new studies are: Improved Characterization of the Real-World Contributions and Impacts of Non-tailpipe Particulate Matter Emissions ,” led by Greg Evans, University of Toronto.

Emissions

Emissions Pollution Exhaust London

UK researchers report that alcohols in windshield washer fluid are major unreported source of VOCs emissions from cars, including EVs

Green Car Congress

JUNE 8, 2023

In a recent open-access paper published in ACS’ Environmental Science & Technology , researchers from the University of York report that alcohols in windshield washer fluid account for a larger fraction of real-world vehicle emissions than previous estimates have suggested. Cliff et al. —Cliff et al.

Emissions

Emissions Exhaust Cars Ozone

Mayor of London expanding Ultra Low Emission Zone London-wide; new £110M scrappage scheme

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 26, 2022

The Mayor of London, Sadiq Khan, will expand the Ultra Low Emission Zone (ULEZ) ( earlier post ) London-wide. The expansion will come into effect on 29 August 2023 and will operate across all London boroughs up to the existing Low Emission Zone boundary for large and heavy vehicles. Source: Transport for London. Source TfL.

Scrappage

Scrappage London Emissions Pollution

UC Berkeley study quantifies LD gasoline on-road emissions

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 27, 2013

Based on on-road measurements in their study, a team from the University of California Berkeley has estimated that, as of 2010, light-duty (LD) gasoline vehicles were responsible for 85% of CO; 18% of NO x ; 18% of organic aerosol (OA); and 6% of black carbon (BC) emissions from on-road motor vehicles in the United States.

Gasoline

Gasoline Emissions Diesel San Francisco

Study finds catalyzed gasoline particulate filters effective at reducing particulate and PAH emissions from GDI engines

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 22, 2018

The researchers assessed the gaseous, particulate, and genotoxic pollutants from two current technology gasoline direct injection vehicles when tested in their original configuration and with a catalyzed gasoline particulate filter (GPF). Their study is publishedin the ACS journal Environmental Science & Technology. Yang et al.

Gasoline

Gasoline Emissions Engine Fuel Economy

The importance of considering non-exhaust traffic emissions; the role of EVs

Green Car Congress

MAY 2, 2016

Regulatory regimes seeking to reduce emissions from transport have largely focused on tailpipe emissions—i.e., the criteria pollutants and CO 2 that emerge with the exhaust from the tailpipe. Non-exhaust PM factors include tire wear, brake wear, road surface wear and resuspension of road dust. earlier post ).

Exhaust

Exhaust Emissions Belgium Gasoline-Electric

Study finds gasoline exhaust contributes more to formation of secondary organic aerosols than diesel

Green Car Congress

MARCH 3, 2012

Contrary to expectations, exhaust from gasoline vehicles contributes more to the production of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) than exhaust from diesel vehicles, according to a new study by scientists from the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), NOAA’s Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL) and other colleagues.

Exhaust

Exhaust Gasoline Diesel Los Angeles

A Bamboo Carbon Filter for Diesels Could Reduce Emissions

Cars That Think

FEBRUARY 27, 2024

Although the pollutant emissions of a diesel engine are less than those of a gasoline one, it still emits carcinogens, nitrous oxides, and soot. Older models don’t even have the emission-control features that newer ones do. After all, diesel cars cost less to maintain, burn less fuel, and have a longer engine life.

Carbon

Carbon Diesel Emissions Bangladesh

Study shows two-stroke scooters dominant source of air pollution in many cities; asymmetric polluters

Green Car Congress

MAY 23, 2014

A study by European researchers has found that two-stroke (2S) scooters, although constituting a small fraction of the fleet, can dominate urban vehicular pollution through organic aerosol and aromatic emission factors up to thousands of times higher than from other vehicle classes. Click to enlarge.

Pollution

Pollution Exhaust Emissions Light

Cummins Agrees to Pay $1.6 Billion in U.S. Emissions Fines

The Truth About Cars

DECEMBER 22, 2023

The United States Department of Justice has accused Cummins of installing emissions defeating devices on diesel motors and decided to fine the company $1.67 The Justice Department has alleged that Cummins installed devices that allowed the engines to pass emissions during testing. billion for violating the Clean Air Act.

Emissions

Emissions Diesel Installation Pollution

Recent on-road real-world emission testing in India highlights disparity between cycles, gasoline and diesel

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 14, 2017

The results highlight the disparity between test-cycles and real-world emissions as well as the large disparity between gasoline and diesel vehicles. Red dotted lines represent the corresponding Bharat Stage IV (BS IV) NO x emission standard according to vehicle type: 0.08 gNO x /km for gasoline; and 0.25

Gasoline

Gasoline Diesel India Emissions

UK ONS report finds significant challenge remains to reduce road transport emissions; sector GHG emissions up 6% from 1990-2017

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 17, 2019

A new report by the UK’s Office for National Statistics (ONS) finds that greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from road transport in the UK rose by 6% from 1990 to 2017. The increase—albeit lower than the increase in road traffic—highlights the significant challenge in reducing emissions from road transport, the report says.

2017

2017 Emissions Transportation 2018

UC Riverside team examines influence of mid-and high-level ethanol blends on pollution from GDI flex fuel vehicle

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 2, 2019

Regulated emissions for all test fuels over the cold-start and hot-start LA92 cycles. The emissions of CO 2 for the high-aromatics E10 were higher than the Tier 3 E10, E30, and E78 blends. Their paper is published in the ACS journal Energy & Fuels. The study found that higher ethanol blends—i.e., —Yang et al. 8b02206.

Pollution

Pollution Fuel Vehicles Emissions

UC Riverside team wins EPA design contest with lawnmower exhaust aftertreatment device

Green Car Congress

JULY 8, 2014

A team of University of California, Riverside Bourns College of Engineering students have won an EPA student design contest for developing an exhaust aftertreatment device that cuts CO, NO x and PM emissions from lawnmowers. An improved version of the device eliminated 93% of particulate matter emissions.

Exhaust

Exhaust EPA Design Pollution

Swiss team finds particle emissions from aircraft turbine engines at ground-idle induce oxidative stress in bronchial cells

Green Car Congress

MAY 17, 2019

In a study on the effect of exhaust particles from aircraft turbine engines on human lung cells, Swiss researchers have found that cells reacted most strongly to particles emitted during ground idling. The study also showed that the cytotoxic effect is only to some extent comparable to that of particles from gasoline and diesel engines.

Engine

Engine Emissions Switzerland Gasoline

CARB releases results of multi-year E15 study; multiple air quality benefits with slight reduction in fuel economy

Green Car Congress

JULY 18, 2022

The California Air Resources Board (CARB) has released the results of a multiyear study evaluating exhaust emissions from the use of California Reformulated Gasoline (CaRFG) that contains 15 volume percent ethanol (E15). California currently limits the ethanol content of gasoline to 10 percent.

Fuel Economy

Fuel Economy Economy Fuel Ozone

OECD: rising air pollution-related deaths taking heavy toll on society; more should be done to reduce transport emissions

Green Car Congress

MAY 23, 2014

Deaths from outdoor air pollution by region in 2005 and 2010. Outdoor air pollution kills some 3.5 This pollution is costing advanced economies plus China and India an estimated US$3.5 The effects of air pollution on people’s health are much higher than previously thought. Click to enlarge. Earlier post.) Over the five?

Pollution

Pollution Transportation Emissions India

IHS: continued legislative focus on pollutants to drive sensor market for internal combustion engines

Green Car Congress

JULY 24, 2014

The global market for sensors used in internal combustion engines (ICE) is on the road of steady growth for the next few years, propelled by increasing utilization in engine management and exhaust aftertreatment, according to a new report from IHS Technology. IHS projects that sensor shipments for ICEs will top 1.34 billion in 2013.

Pollution

Pollution Engine International Market

UK government launches new clean air strategy; ending sales of conventional diesel and gasoline LDVs by 2040

Green Car Congress

MAY 22, 2018

UK Environment Secretary Michael Gove published a new Clean Air Strategy to cut air pollution backed up through new primary legislation. The UK said it will go further and faster than the EU in reducing human exposure to particulate matter pollution. Ending the sale of new conventional diesel and gasoline cars and vans by 2040.

Clean

Clean Cleaning Diesel Gasoline

Mazda announces SKYACTIV-X: gasoline Spark Controlled Compression Ignition

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 8, 2017

As part of the new technology to achieve this vision, the company disclosed plans to introduce a next-generation gasoline engine called SKYACTIV-X in 2019. This new proprietary combustion engine combines the advantages of gasoline and diesel engines to optimize environmental performance, power and acceleration performance.

Mazda

Mazda Gasoline Fuel Economy Gasoline-Electric

Ricardo demos real-world driving emissions testing at Air Quality show

Green Car Congress

MAY 25, 2017

Ricardo demonstrated its new real-world driving emissions measurement service ( earlier post ), and discussed the first results from its road side vehicle monitoring research, at the Air Quality & Emissions Show (AQE) in the UK earlier this week. Ricardo launched its vehicle emission measurement service in April 2017.

Emissions

Emissions Pollution Insight Exhaust

Swiss team concludes that particulate filters should be mandatory for GDI engines

Green Car Congress

MAY 24, 2017

Based on a three-year study of toxic and environmentally relevant pollutants from gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines, Swiss researchers have concluded that some GDI engines emit just as many soot particles as unfiltered diesel cars did in the past. Further, the GDI particles carry numerous carcinogenic substances.

Engine

Engine Exhaust Gasoline Diesel

Corning expands light-duty vehicle exhaust filter capacity in Germany

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 1, 2014

Corning Incorporated has boosted its light-duty vehicle filter capacity at its manufacturing facility in Kaiserslautern, Germany for both gasoline and diesel engined vehicles. Diesel vehicle manufacturers are striving for greater engine performance and fuel economy while meeting Euro 6 emissions standards under a myriad of driving conditions.

Germany

Germany Exhaust Light Fuel Economy

Petrobras launches new 50 ppm ultra-low-sulfur gasoline throughout Brazil

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 11, 2014

Petrobras launched new regular and premium ultra-low-sulfur gasoline throughout Brazil on 1 January 2014, entirely replacing the previous regular and premium gasoline. California, Europe, Japan, South Korea, and several other countries have gasoline sulfur limits of 10 ppm. Earlier post.). Click to enlarge. billion (US$8.7

Brazil

Brazil Gasoline South Korea 2005

Tsinghua/Argonne Study Finds That Mass Use of EVs in China Could Result in Higher CO2 and Criteria Pollutant Emissions Than Conventional and Hybrid Gasoline Vehicles Due to Coal-Fired Generation of Electricity

Green Car Congress

MAY 25, 2010

Fuel-cycle SO 2 emissions of EVs compared to those of gasoline ICEVs and HEVs in China, current (left) and future (right). Another concern associated with EVs is that they could increase emissions of criteria pollutants like SO 2 and NO x because power plants are believed to be the largest contributor to China’s SO 2.

Coal

Coal Gasoline-Electric Gasoline Pollution

DOE awards $17M to FY 2014 SBIR Phase II projects; includes Si/graphene anodes, motor windings, exhaust treatments

Green Car Congress

MARCH 31, 2014

Hybrid Electric Turbocharger for Exhaust Energy Recovery and Transient Lag Reduction. NO x Sensor for Diesel Engine Emissions Systems. Additionally, NexTech has demonstrated the ability to tune their sensor technology to also detect and report on ammonia (NH 3 ) emissions. A Novel Exhaust after Treatment Catalyst.

Exhaust

Exhaust Wind 2014 Motor

Tula presenting diesel Dynamic Skip Fire technology at Future Diesel Powertrain Summit in Shanghai

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 23, 2020

As demonstrated through testing, Tula’s dDSF technology reduces tailpipe NO x emissions by up to 66% while also reducing CO 2 emissions by up to 4%. Like DSF for gasoline engines, dDSF uses individual cylinder deactivation control strategies to meet torque demand at optimal fuel and aftertreatment efficiency. Source: Tula.

Diesel

Diesel Future Fuel Economy China

EEA report: EVs are better for climate and air quality

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 26, 2018

Battery electric cars emit less greenhouse gases and air pollutants over their entire life cycle than petrol and diesel cars, according to a European Environment Agency (EEA) report. Emissions are usually higher in the production phase of electric cars, but these are more than offset by lower emissions in the use phase over time.

Climate

Climate Pollution Gasoline-Electric 2017

UAI and EFC call EPA MOVES2014 emissions model treatment of ethanol “seriously flawed”; call for peer review

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 23, 2014

EPA’s Office of Transportation and Air Quality (OTAQ) developed MOVES; the emission modeling system estimates emissions for mobile sources at the national, county, and project level for criteria pollutants, greenhouse gases, and air toxics. Nearly all US gasoline is produced by splash-blending 10% ethanol.

EPA

EPA Emissions Pollution Gasoline

International automotive researchers emphasize the importance of continued development of the internal combustion engine

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 9, 2019

It is very likely that highly efficient “fully flexible” engines with hybridized solutions will be a big part of sought-after efficiency improvements, as well as emission/GHG reductions. mg/km of particulates), reaching values around 10 times the emission from the engine (5?mg/km). —Reitz et al. g/bhp-h or 15–20?mg/km).

International

International Engine Exhaust Emissions

CMU study finds SOA levels in cities like LA will remain high despite cleaner cars; nonlinear relationship between SOA and NOx

Green Car Congress

JUNE 22, 2017

The findings of a study by researchers at Carnegie Mellon University, with colleagues at UC Berkeley, suggest that changing atmospheric NO x levels over the next two decades will likely significantly reduce the effectiveness of stricter new gasoline vehicle emissions standards in reducing concentrations of secondary organic aerosol (SOA).

Cleaner

Cleaner Los Angeles Exhaust Gasoline

London and Paris launch car scoring initiative based on real-world emissions; ICCT the technical lead

Green Car Congress

MARCH 29, 2017

Mayor of Paris and Chair of C40 Cities Anne Hidalgo and Mayor of London Sadiq Khan announced they are working together to create schemes to score new cars based on their real-world emissions and their impact on air quality and to provide that data in an accurate and accessible form to the public. Earlier post.). Source: The ICCT.

London

London Emissions The Fia Foundation Pollution

Study explores long-term trends in motor vehicle emissions in US urban areas; targeting high-emitters

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 19, 2013

The study found that the highest-emitting 10% of gasoline vehicles are now responsible for the overwhelming majority of running CO, NMHC, and NO x. However, they also found that decreases in emissions of these pollutants appear to be slowing down and may have leveled off. Credit: ACS, McDonald et al. Click to enlarge.

Emissions

Emissions Los Angeles Motor Motors

New mixed-oxide catalysts shown as viable substitute for platinum catalysts for diesel exhaust aftertreatment

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 17, 2012

Under laboratory-simulated diesel exhaust conditions, this mixed-phase oxide material was superior to Pt in terms of cost, thermal durability, and catalytic activity for NO oxidation. Mullite is not only easier to produce than platinum, but also better at reducing pollution in diesel engines. Kyeongjae Cho. Wang et al.,

Exhaust

Exhaust Diesel Dallas Conversion

Small-displacement two-stroke H2 engine could address performance and emissions cost-effectively for recreational market; potential for Asian motor vehicle fleet

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 26, 2012

Comparison of brake thermal efficiency and specific fuel consumption at rated power (ICOMIA Mode 5), hydrogen vs. gasoline engines. It, or a scaled-up version, could also provide a solution for the Asian motor vehicle fleet, in which two-stroke engine vehicles constitute a major share—and contribute significantly to air pollution.

Engine

Engine Emissions Fleet Market

Mercedes-Benz powering ahead with €3B strategic engine initiative; increasing electrification, 48V; diesel and gasoline; cylinder deactivation

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 30, 2016

The new six-cylinder in-line gasoline engine M 256 features a 48 V electrical system. The M 256 is the first member of a new family of premium gasoline engines that have for the first time been systematically designed for electrification from the outset. Mercedes-Benz is investing a total of around €3 billion (US$3.3 Click to enlarge.

Gasoline

Gasoline Mercedes Engine Diesel

Adamas: China rare earth consumption for catalytic converters down on weak passenger vehicle production

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 7, 2019

million liters of vehicle exhaust gas catalyst in the first half of 2019—a decrease of 13% year-over-year on weak passenger vehicle production. Fluid catalytic cracking catalysts are a form of molecular sieve used by the oil refining industry to break down crude oil into lighter hydrocarbons, such as gasoline, diesel and kerosene.

Convert

Convert China Exhaust Production

Ford researchers report detailed study of the effect of different ethanol blend levels on emissions from FFVs

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 23, 2013

FTP cycle-weighted tailpipe emissions of N 2 O, NO x , and the sum of NMOG and NO x. The minimum in NO x and NMOG emissions for midlevel ethanol blends points to future opportunities for emission reductions from FFVs. Credit: ACS, Hubbard et al. Click to enlarge. E40); and the new range for high-level ethanol blends (E55, E80).

Emissions

Emissions Ford Exhaust Engine

Tsinghua Study Finds That Conventional Three-Way Catalyst Can Handle the Unregulated Emissions from Low-Content Methanol-Gasoline Blends

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 5, 2009

At the tailpipe, the TWC ultimately reduced the regulated and unregulated emissions from the methanol-gasoline engine to the same levels as those generated by a conventional gasoline engine. Bush called for one million cars in the most polluted areas in the US to be running on methanol, ethanol or natural gas by 1997.

Gasoline

Gasoline Emissions Alternative Fuels Engine

EPA Issues Advance Notice of Proposed Rulemaking on Lead Emissions from Leaded Aviation Gasoline, Seeks Public Comment

Green Car Congress

APRIL 22, 2010

The increasing contribution of lead from avgas to the total inventory of lead emissions. EPA has issued an Advance Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (ANPR) on lead emissions from piston-engine aircraft using leaded aviation gasoline (avgas). Since 1980, US lead emissions have decreased by more than 90%. Source: EPA.

EPA

EPA Gasoline Emissions 2008

UK unveils new plan to cut NO2; sale of new conventional gasoline and diesel cars to end by 2040; focus on local action

Green Car Congress

JULY 26, 2017

Among the many policy and funding details in the UK Plan for Tackling Roadside Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations , produced by Defra and the Department for Transport is the cessation of the sale of all new conventional gasoline and diesel cars by 2040. 1B – Ultra low emissions vehicles. Source: UK plan for tackling roadside NO 2.

Gasoline

Gasoline Diesel Pollution Legal

California ARB fines two companies $507K for selling illegal aftermarket parts for cars & trucks

Green Car Congress

JUNE 19, 2017

Derive paid $281,840 to resolve the sale of diesel and gasoline aftermarket parts illegally sold by Bully Dog in California from 2010 through 2012. The affected parts replaced original emission components on cars and trucks such as the intake and exhaust systems, or employed different engine calibration software to increase vehicle power.

California

California Parts Companies Pollution

JRC provides initial results and qualitative trends of study of regulated gaseous emissions under NEDC and new WLTP; data from 21 vehicles

Green Car Congress

JULY 9, 2015

The result is a compendium of experimental data regarding the regulated gaseous pollutants and fuel consumption on 21 vehicles. The vehicles were chosen to be representative of the different segments of the European market; 12 were gasoline-fueled, and 9 were diesel-fueled. Key parameters. Duration (s). Distance (km).

Emissions

Emissions Vehicles Diesel Pollution

New Emissions Analytics study suggests pollution from tire wear now 1,850 times worse than exhaust emissions

HEI launches two new non-tailpipe particulate emission studies

UK researchers report that alcohols in windshield washer fluid are major unreported source of VOCs emissions from cars, including EVs

Mayor of London expanding Ultra Low Emission Zone London-wide; new £110M scrappage scheme

UC Berkeley study quantifies LD gasoline on-road emissions

Study finds catalyzed gasoline particulate filters effective at reducing particulate and PAH emissions from GDI engines

The importance of considering non-exhaust traffic emissions; the role of EVs

Study finds gasoline exhaust contributes more to formation of secondary organic aerosols than diesel

A Bamboo Carbon Filter for Diesels Could Reduce Emissions

Study shows two-stroke scooters dominant source of air pollution in many cities; asymmetric polluters

Cummins Agrees to Pay $1.6 Billion in U.S. Emissions Fines

Recent on-road real-world emission testing in India highlights disparity between cycles, gasoline and diesel

UK ONS report finds significant challenge remains to reduce road transport emissions; sector GHG emissions up 6% from 1990-2017

UC Riverside team examines influence of mid-and high-level ethanol blends on pollution from GDI flex fuel vehicle

UC Riverside team wins EPA design contest with lawnmower exhaust aftertreatment device

Swiss team finds particle emissions from aircraft turbine engines at ground-idle induce oxidative stress in bronchial cells

CARB releases results of multi-year E15 study; multiple air quality benefits with slight reduction in fuel economy

OECD: rising air pollution-related deaths taking heavy toll on society; more should be done to reduce transport emissions

IHS: continued legislative focus on pollutants to drive sensor market for internal combustion engines

UK government launches new clean air strategy; ending sales of conventional diesel and gasoline LDVs by 2040

Mazda announces SKYACTIV-X: gasoline Spark Controlled Compression Ignition

Ricardo demos real-world driving emissions testing at Air Quality show

Swiss team concludes that particulate filters should be mandatory for GDI engines

Corning expands light-duty vehicle exhaust filter capacity in Germany

Petrobras launches new 50 ppm ultra-low-sulfur gasoline throughout Brazil

Tsinghua/Argonne Study Finds That Mass Use of EVs in China Could Result in Higher CO2 and Criteria Pollutant Emissions Than Conventional and Hybrid Gasoline Vehicles Due to Coal-Fired Generation of Electricity

DOE awards $17M to FY 2014 SBIR Phase II projects; includes Si/graphene anodes, motor windings, exhaust treatments

Tula presenting diesel Dynamic Skip Fire technology at Future Diesel Powertrain Summit in Shanghai

EEA report: EVs are better for climate and air quality

UAI and EFC call EPA MOVES2014 emissions model treatment of ethanol “seriously flawed”; call for peer review

International automotive researchers emphasize the importance of continued development of the internal combustion engine

CMU study finds SOA levels in cities like LA will remain high despite cleaner cars; nonlinear relationship between SOA and NOx

London and Paris launch car scoring initiative based on real-world emissions; ICCT the technical lead

Study explores long-term trends in motor vehicle emissions in US urban areas; targeting high-emitters

New mixed-oxide catalysts shown as viable substitute for platinum catalysts for diesel exhaust aftertreatment

Small-displacement two-stroke H2 engine could address performance and emissions cost-effectively for recreational market; potential for Asian motor vehicle fleet

Mercedes-Benz powering ahead with €3B strategic engine initiative; increasing electrification, 48V; diesel and gasoline; cylinder deactivation

Adamas: China rare earth consumption for catalytic converters down on weak passenger vehicle production

Ford researchers report detailed study of the effect of different ethanol blend levels on emissions from FFVs

Tsinghua Study Finds That Conventional Three-Way Catalyst Can Handle the Unregulated Emissions from Low-Content Methanol-Gasoline Blends

EPA Issues Advance Notice of Proposed Rulemaking on Lead Emissions from Leaded Aviation Gasoline, Seeks Public Comment

UK unveils new plan to cut NO2; sale of new conventional gasoline and diesel cars to end by 2040; focus on local action

California ARB fines two companies $507K for selling illegal aftermarket parts for cars & trucks

JRC provides initial results and qualitative trends of study of regulated gaseous emissions under NEDC and new WLTP; data from 21 vehicles

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