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Researchers at the University of Southampton have transformed optical fibers into photocatalytic microreactors that convert water into hydrogen fuel using solar energy. Alongside hydrogen generation from water, the multi-disciplinary research team is investigating photochemical conversion of carbon dioxide into synthetic fuel.
Researchers in Israel have designed a separate-cell photoelectrochemical (PEC) water-splitting system with decoupled hydrogen and oxygen cells for centralized hydrogen production. A paper describing their system is publishedin the journal Joule. The hydrogen cell contains the cathode, and it is physically separated from the oxygen cell.
In the US, producing one gallon of ethanol from switchgrass consumes approximately the same net amount of water as does producing a gallon of gasoline from conventional crude or oil sands oil, according to a study by Argonne National Laboratory researchers presented at the 238 th national meeting of the American Chemical Society last week.
Albemarle Corporation, one of the largest lithium producers in the world and present in Chile for more than 40 years, inaugurated its third chemical conversion plant, La Negra III/IV, in Antofagasta, Chile, as one of the most modern chemical conversion plants in Latin America.
The catalyst shows a carbon dioxide conversion through hydrogenation to hydrocarbons in the aviation jet fuel range of 38.2%, with a yield of 17.2%, and a selectivity of 47.8%, and with an attendant low carbon monoxide (5.6%) and methane selectivity (10.4%). In brief, the Fe–Mn–K catalyst shows a CO 2 conversion of 38.2%
Researchers at the University of Oklahoma, in collaboration with the University of Tulsa, have a novel approach for the water-assisted upgrading of the renewable chemical furfural, doubling or tripling the rate of conversion. Energy and water are interconnected in the production of renewable fuels. —Zhao et al.
The Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research ( DIFFER ) is partnering with Toyota Motor Europe (TME) to develop a device that absorbs water vapor, and splits it into hydrogen and oxygen directly using solar energy. This first prototype achieved 70% of the performance that is obtained when an equivalent device is filled with water.
At the Hannover Messe, the company will be presenting its H 2 -ICE exhaust system for the first time. In addition, the metered addition of the urea-water solution can cause particles to form. Among other things, SCR technologies with urea-water solution are used as reducing agents for optimum nitrogen oxide conversion.
In the run-up to IAA 2019, Continental Powertrain is now presenting a 48-volt high-power drive system with 30 kW, enabling a full-hybrid vehicle. The key component here is a new, water-cooled electric motor, the peak output of which was doubled to 30 kW in comparison with that used previously.
The first forum, Launch: Water, will take place at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida from 16-18 March. NASA is perfectly positioned to host a conversation with experts about potential solutions to the world’s most perplexing sustainability problems.
The mesh with BiVO 4 nanowire photoanode for water oxidation and Rh-SrTiO 3 nanowire photocathode for water reduction produces hydrogen gas without an electron mediator. When immersed in water with visible light irradiation (? ? In the present study, we developed a new architecture for direct solar water-splitting.
Researchers led by MIT professor Daniel Nocera have produced an “artificial leaf”—a solar water-splitting cell producing hydrogen and oxygen that operates in near-neutral pH conditions, both with and without connecting wires. Earlier post.). simulated sunlight. constructing a simple, stand-alone device composed of.
Researchers at the US Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) led off a day-long symposium on advances in CO 2 conversion and utilization being held at the 238 th American Chemical Society (ACS) national meeting, which began today in Washington, DC. Earlier post.). Earlier post.). Robert Dorner. The electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide.
A team from the University of Illinois and startup Dioxide Materials has developed an electrocatalytic system for the reduction of CO 2 to CO—a key component of artificial photosynthesis and thus an enabler for the conversion of CO 2 to synthetic fuels—at overpotentials below 0.2 intermediate. In this context the term “CO 2 ? ”
CO can then be reacted with H 2 O via the water?gas As such, development of Bi-based cathodes for conversion of CO 2 to CO would represent an important development for the fields of CO 2 electrocatalysis and renewable energy conversion. At present, the importance of the Bi 3+ ions to the efficacy of Bi-CMEC is unclear.
One-pot electrolytic process produces H 2 and solid carbon from water and CO 2. In this study, they focused on the electrolysis component for STEP fuel, producing hydrogen and graphitic carbon from water and carbon dioxide. 2014), “A One-Pot Synthesis of Hydrogen and Carbon Fuels from Water and Carbon Dioxide,” Adv.
At this year’s Africa Aerospace & Defence (AAD) expo at AFB Waterkloof in Centurion, Rheinmetall AG is presenting turnkey, mobile modular solutions for producing, storing and transporting CO 2 -free hydrogen.
-Fe 2 O 3 (hematite) electrodes that achieve the highest photocurrent of any metal oxide photoanode for photoelectrochemical water-splitting under 100?mW?cm Batteries, fuel cells and solar-energy conversion devices have emerged as a class of important technologies that increasingly rely on electrodes derived from nanoparticles.
Politécnica de Valencia (Spain) have found that noble metal nanoparticles supported on titanium dioxide or cerium dioxide can catalyze the industrially important water gas shift (WGS) reaction for hydrogen production at ambient temperatures using visible light irradiation. Researchers at the Univ. —Sastre et al. Energy Environ.
A team led by the University of Alberta has confirmed that inorganic mercury (Hg) found worldwide in ocean water is transformed into monomethylmercury (MMHg)—a potent and bio-accumulative neurotoxin—in the seawater. Kirk (2011) Methylation of inorganic mercury in polar marine waters. Fitzgerald and Thomas W. 159-166.
Sum of individual contributions and accumulated photon losses for two fuel processes and a theoretical maximum for energy conversion. Harvard Medical School Professor of Genetics George Church, Joule co-founder and chairman of its technical advisory board, is a co-author. Source: Robertson et al. Click to enlarge.
The new PNNL carbon capture and conversion system brings the cost to capture CO 2 down to about $39 per metric ton. This is the first known demonstration of integrated low-temperature thermocatalytic capture and conversion of CO 2 to methanol in an economically viable CO 2 capture solvent. gal ($470/metric ton), is presented.
While Ni metal catalyzes the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) exclusively under CO 2 RR conditions, Ni single atomic sites present a high CO selectivity of 95% under an overpotential of 550 mV in water, and an excellent stability over 20 hours’ continuous electrolysis. The current density can be scaled up to more than 50 mA cm?2
Bitumen production from the Canadian oil sands provides a point of reference that could be used to observe and better manage the land and water impacts of a rapid transition to unconventional fuels, suggests Dr. Sarah Jordaan of the Energy Technology Innovation Policy Research Group, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University.
Researchers from SRI International (SRI) are developing a methane-and-coal-to-liquids process that consumes negligible amounts of water and does not generate carbon dioxide. Water consumption less than 235 kg/barrel. Top: Conventional F-T process. Bottom: SRI process. Click to enlarge. Production cost of JP8 less than $3.00/gallon.
They used natural sunlight to convert water into hydrogen and oxygen using a mixture of biological components and manmade technologies. A new paper, published in Nature Energy , outlines how the researchers at the Reisner Laboratory in Cambridge developed their platform to achieve unassisted solar-driven water-splitting. Katarzyna P.
Topic Areas include: Characterization of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) to Enable Production of Conversion-Ready Feedstocks (up to $15M). The heterogeneity of MSW characteristics including chemical composition, and physical and biological properties, presents a significant challenge for utilization.
In working to elucidate the chemistry of hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) for the catalytic upgrading of pyrolytic bio-oil to fuel-grade products, researchers at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) have discovered that water in the conversion process helps form an impurity which, in turn, slows down key chemical reactions.
Calculated potential needed to electrolyze carbon dioxide or water. Licht plans a follow-up study to present experimental measurements of the CO 2 splitting electrochemical potential (to CO or solid C), with increasing temperature. High temperature is accessible through excess solar heat. Licht, 2009.
Nel Hydrogen Electrolyser AS, a division of Nel ASA, has received a purchase order for a 20MW alkaline water electrolyzer from Ovako , a leading European manufacturer of engineering steel. The conversion to hydrogen will enable Ovako to reduce its CO 2 emissions for steel production in Hofors by 50%.
HES present an opportunity to optimize power plant designs to maximize the services that are useful to and valued by the electric and broader energy systems. using electrical or thermal energy to produce hydrogen from water or a methane source). They can vary in terms of their subcomponents, linkages (e.g.,
Bi 0.73 ) achieved 95% methane conversion at 1065°C in a 1.1-meter Under these conditions, the equilibrium conversion is 98%. When the temperature was reduced to 1040 °C, the CH 4 conversion decreased to 86%. Higher conversions, at higher temperatures, were not possible because of Mg evaporation. —Upham et al.
Schematic representation and operating principles of the lithium–water electrochemical cell used for hydrogen generation: (1) external circuit and (2) inside of lithium–water electrochemical cell. the high-school chemistry demonstration of the violent reaction between sodium and water.). sea water) by using sunlight.
Model scope includes all upstream processing of biomass material; conversion to liquid or solid fuel is intentionally excluded. Biofuel conversion processes were excluded from the scope of the analysis. land (ha) energy (MJ) x 10 4 GHG (kg CO 2 e) x 10 4 water (m 3 ) x 10 4 eutrophication (kg PO 4 - equiv). Click to enlarge.
This reduces the water content of the reaction to maximize the amount of actual solids that can be loaded and also conserve heat and energy. Compared to other available biomass solvents, THF is well-suited for this application because it mixes homogeneously with water, has a low boiling point (66 ?C) Cai, a Ph.D.
In a 2012 presentation, the inventors said that the direct conversion process delivers a liquid hydrocarbon fuel yield of ~54-55% at 310°C, with ~6-7% ethylene and ~39% water byproducts, making the technology more cost-effective than previous approaches. Catalytic conversion of to hydrocarbons (2012).
Researchers in Canada have demonstrated a new photochemical diode artificial photosynthesis system that can enable efficient, unassisted overall pure water splitting without using any sacrificial reagent. overall water splitting reaction. These free charges split water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen. … in neutral (pH?~?7.0)
A team at the University of Wisconsin-Madison led by Dr. James Dumesic has developed an improved, streamlined process for the conversion of biomass to butyl esters and γ-valerolactone (GVL). Dumesic and his colleagues had earlier reported on the conversion of GVL to gasoline, jet and diesel fuel components. Resources. Alonso, J.
The researchers combined a copper electrocatalyst with an ionomer [polymers that conduct ions and water] assembly that intersperses sulfonate-lined paths for the H 2 O with fluorocarbon channels for the CO 2. Here, we present a catalyst:ionomer bulk heterojunction (CIBH) architecture that decouples gas, ion, and electron transport.
A team from the University of Houston and Hunan Normal University in China has developed an active and durable oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalyst for water splitting that meets commercial crtieria for current densities at low overpotentials. to deliver 200 mA cm -2 , unsatisfactory for the commercial requirements of 1.8-2.4
volts versus the reversible hydrogen electrode) in CO-saturated alkaline water. For the Nature study, Kanan and Li built an electrochemical cell: two electrodes placed in water saturated with carbon monoxide gas. The challenge was to find a cathode that would reduce carbon monoxide to ethanol instead of reducing water to hydrogen.
Instead of using H 2 , direct conversion of CO 2 with CH 4 (dry reforming of methane, DRM) to liquid fuels and chemicals (e.g. Moreover, it is a cheap carbon source which can increase the atom utilization of CO 2 hydrogenation due to the stoichiometric ratio of C and O atoms, as well as reducing the formation of water. …
The new catalyst is applied in a hybrid photocatalytic-electrolysis system that uses the photocatalytic reaction converting solar energy to lower the electrolysis voltage required for the hydrogen production by water electrolysis. Potential diagram of various reaction mechanisms for hydrogen production via water decomposition. (a)
The work, presented in a paper in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), offers a unique, highly efficient, and inexpensive route for solar fuels synthesis. It can use the sun’s energy or an electrical current to break down the carbon dioxide and water. Image credit: Baowen Zhou.
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