Alternative Fuels, Gasoline, Standards and Vehicles

European project working to establish basis for standardization of methanol fuels in Europe

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 30, 2020

A current research project is working to establish the technical basis for standardization of methanol fuels in Europe. The partners in the “Methanol Standard” project aim to pave way for the certification and market launch of methanol fuels.

Standards

Standards Europe Fuel Gasoline-Electric

EIA: China promoting both fuel efficiency and alternative-fuel vehicles to curb growing oil use

Green Car Congress

MAY 13, 2014

Consumption of gasoline in China grew from 0.9 To counter this trend triggered by China’s rapid motorization, the Chinese government is adopting a broad range of policies, including improvements in the fuel economy of new vehicles and the promotion of alternative-fuel vehicles, EIA notes. Source: EIA.

Alternative Fuels

Alternative Fuels Oil China Fuel

MIT study finds fuel economy standards are 6-14 times less cost effective than fuel tax for reducing gasoline use

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 21, 2013

In a study published in the journal Energy Economics , MIT researchers have found that a fuel economy standard is at least six to fourteen times less cost effective than a fuel tax when targeting an identical reduction in cumulative gasoline use (20% by 2050). —Karplus et al.

Fuel Economy

Fuel Economy MIT Fuel Tax Economy

Westport Fuel Systems awarded €38M program to supply LPG fuel systems to a global OEM

Green Car Congress

JULY 12, 2022

Westport Fuel Systems Inc. has been awarded a program to develop and supply liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) systems for a number of vehicle applications for a global original equipment manufacturer (OEM). In parallel, Westport is also developing fuel systems to respond to future regulations including the proposed Euro 7 standards.

Supplies

Supplies Fuel Global Alternative Fuels

CMU study concludes alt fuel vehicle incentives for OEMs result in increased fleet gasoline consumption and emissions

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 15, 2016

A study by researchers at Carnegie Mellon University has concluded that regulatory incentives for OEMs for alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs) intended to encourage a technology transition in the transportation fleet result in increased fleet-wide gasoline consumption and emissions. Earlier post.). —Jenn et al.

Gasoline

Gasoline Fleet Emissions Fuel

President Obama issues Memorandum on Federal fleet performance to push for alternative fueled vehicles; GSA pilot project on EV purchases

Green Car Congress

MAY 24, 2011

In conjunction with the Memorandum, the General Services Administration (GSA) launched a pilot project to incorporate electric vehicles and technologies into the Federal fleet. GSA announced its initial purchase of more than 100 electric vehicles for a vehicle pilot. Optimum fleet size.

Alternative Fuels

Alternative Fuels Purchase Obama Fleet

Methanol Institute releases two reports on methanol as safe, efficient and clean fuel

Green Car Congress

MARCH 17, 2020

The Methanol Institute (MI) released two new reports on the use of methanol as a safe, efficient and clean alternative fuel for cars, trucks and buses. The results of these tests showed the following: There is no copper corrosion in methanol gasoline blends, just some light tarnish. and higher. and 25 % vol.

Clean

Clean Cleaning Fuel Gasoline-Electric

Studies highlight effects of different gasoline components on fuel economy, combustion and emissions

Green Car Congress

APRIL 12, 2018

Researchers at Jilin University (China) have investigated the effect of gasoline components on fuel economy, combustion and emissions in a GDI (gasoline-direct-injection) engine. The team subsequently followed up this first study with a second, exploring the effects in a PFI (port-fuel-injection) engine. —Han et al.

Fuel Economy

Fuel Economy Gasoline Economy Emissions

US Postal Service contractor chooses propane for parcel deliveries; F-750s with ROUSH tech

Green Car Congress

MARCH 5, 2020

McAbee Trucking, a freight shipping and trucking company based in Blacksburg, SC, purchased eight Ford F-750 delivery trucks fueled by propane autogas, a domestically produced, clean and economical alternative fuel. The vehicles are used for contracted parcel delivery routes between USPS locations in North and South Carolina.

South Carolina

South Carolina Alternative Fuels Cleaner Fleet

Study finds behavior-influencing policies remain critical for mass market success of low-carbon vehicles

Green Car Congress

JULY 23, 2018

Policies to entice consumers away from fossil-fuel powered vehicles and normalize low carbon, alternative-fuel alternatives, such as electric vehicles, are vital if the world is to significantly reduce transport sector carbon pure-emissions, according to a new study. —McCollum et al.

Carbon

Carbon Market Alternative Fuels Vehicles

R?sselsheim Engineering Center developing next four-cylinder gasoline engine generation for Groupe PSA; optimized for hybrids

Green Car Congress

JUNE 14, 2018

The Rüsselsheim Engineering Center will take on the global responsibility for the development of the next-generation of high-efficiency gasoline engines for all Groupe PSA brands (Peugeot, Citroën, DS Automobiles, Opel and Vauxhall). Alternative fuels. Vehicle development: Seats. Vehicle fuel function.

Engine

Engine Gasoline Hybrid Gasoline-Electric

EPA trends report sees record levels of average new vehicle fuel economy and CO2 emissions for MY 2012; role of new gasoline vehicle technologies

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 13, 2013

EPA projects advanced transmissions (6+ speeds and CVTs), gasoline direct injection (GDI) systems, and turbocharged engines will be installed on at least 15% of all MY 2013 vehicles. The majority of the emissions and fuel savings from current vehicles, EPA noted, is due to new gasoline vehicle technologies.

Fuel Economy

Fuel Economy 2012 Economy EPA

California ARB staff considering including alternative jet fuel in Low Carbon Fuel Standard

Green Car Congress

MARCH 17, 2017

The staff of the California Air Resources Board (ARB) staff is considering including alternative jet fuel (AJF) in the Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS). In 2009, the ARB approved the LCFS regulation to reduce the carbon intensity (CI) of transportation fuel used in California by at least 10% by 2020 from a 2010 baseline.

Standards

Standards Fuel California Carbon

EPAs GHG Standards for Light-Duty Vehicles; Special Credits To Encourage PHEVs, BEVs and FCVs

Green Car Congress

APRIL 2, 2010

The footprint-based standard CO 2 curves for cars (left) and trucks (right). These are expected to result in a combined MY 2016 average vehicle emission level of 250 g CO 2 /mile (equivalent to 35.5 mpg if all improvements came from fuel economy) and 34.1 L/100km) fuel economy level, respectively. Source: EPA.

EPA

EPA Standards Light PHEV

Toyota unveiles flexible fuel hybrid prototype in Brazil

Green Car Congress

MARCH 20, 2018

Toyota unveiled a prototype hybrid flexible-fuel vehicle (Hybrid FFV) during an event Toyota held São Paulo, Brazil. The prototype is the combination of a flexible-fuel vehicle (FFV) that can be powered by both gasoline and alternative fuels such as ethanol, and Toyota’s hybrid system.

Brazil

Brazil Toyota Hybrid Fuel

EIA: US consumption of alt fuels up 13% in 2011; E85 second behind natural gas; medium-duty vans had greater impact than LDVs

Green Car Congress

APRIL 9, 2013

Consumption of alternative fuels by vehicle type, 2011. Replacement fuels—i.e., In alternative-fueled vehicles, consumption of ethanol (E85) increased 52% from the prior year’s consumption, an increase from 90,323 thousand gasoline-equivalent gallons in 2010 to 137,165 thousand gasoline-equivalent gallons in 2011.

2011

2011 Alternative Fuels Fuel Gas

France launches new climate plan; Euro 7 lead; targeting ending the sale of vehicles emitting GHGs by 2040

Green Car Congress

JULY 7, 2017

(The plan at this current level of detail does not specify whether or not that is tailpipe emissions or full lifecycle emissions, factoring in upstream for electric vehicles.) France also intends to initiate an ambitious (“ ambitieuse ”) Euro 7 standard at the European level. Supporting the development of charging infrastructure.

France

France Climate Sale 2001

UPS collaborating with Workhorse to deploy 50 electric trucks; rivaling acquisition cost of conventional; no subsidies

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 23, 2018

UPS plans to deploy 50 plug-in electric delivery trucks that will be comparable in acquisition cost to conventional-fueled trucks without any subsidies—an industry first that would breaki a key barrier to large scale adoption of electric fleets. to design the vehicles from the ground up.

Cost Of

Cost Of Gasoline-Electric Alternative Fuels Los Angeles

EPA to study cutting amount of ethanol in U.S. gasoline

Green Car Reports

OCTOBER 5, 2017

Since 2007, the Renewable Fuel Standard has required increasing levels of ethanol in gasoline blends sold in the U.S. Most fuel stations across the United States no longer offer pure gasoline, with E10—a blend of 10 percent ethanol and 90 percent gasoline—prevailing.

Gasoline

Gasoline EPA United States 2007

DOE to issue $22.3M funding opportunity for vehicle technologies; MD and HD PEVs, DI propane engine and partner projects

Green Car Congress

APRIL 26, 2016

million multi-topic funding opportunity for vehicle technologies (DE-FOA-0001535). The FOA will include the three areas of interest: medium- and heavy-duty plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs); direct injection propane engine; and alternative fuel vehicle community partner projects. Direct Injection Propane Engine.

Engine

Engine Alternative Fuels Vehicles Plug-in

Landi Renzo and Leggett Platt to partner on CNG vehicles for North American Market

Green Car Congress

MARCH 8, 2011

Landi Renzo USA (Landi Renzo) has partnered with Leggett & Platt Commercial Vehicle Products (L&P CVP) to implement alternative fuel systems using compressed natural gas (CNG). Landi Renzo is a global leader in alternative fuel systems design, manufacture, installation and service with more than 40% global market share.

Alternative Fuels

Alternative Fuels Indianapolis Market Vehicles

EPA awards SwRI $25M contract for emissions testing, analytical services for variety of propulsion systems

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 6, 2020

Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) has received a five-year, $25-million contract from the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to provide testing and analytical services related to vehicle emissions and fuel efficiency. The contract touches nearly all areas of engine and vehicle research at Southwest Research Institute.

EPA

EPA Emissions Engine Fuel

DOE proposes revising procedures for calculating petroleum-equivalent fuel economy of EVs for use in CAFE calculations

Green Car Congress

APRIL 12, 2023

The change, petitioned for by the Natural Resources Defense Council and Sierra Club in 2021, would decrease the EV fuel economy values used in calculating CAFE compliance, thereby forcing automakers to either sell more EVs or to improve their other models to remain in regulatory compliance. Background. The current PEF is 80,049 Wh/gal.

Fuel Economy

Fuel Economy Economy Fuel 2000

EPA annual trends report finds new vehicle fuel economy at record 24.1 mpg; new powertrain technologies rapidly gaining share

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 10, 2014

EPA released the latest edition of its annual report on trends in CO 2 emissions, fuel economy and powertrain technology for new personal vehicles in the US. Among the top-level findings was that Model year 2013 vehicles achieved an average of 24.1 Adjusted fuel economy distribution by model year. Fuel economy.

Fuel Economy

Fuel Economy MPG Economy EPA

Jacobs and Tula to cooperate on CDA valve actuation with Dynamic Skip Fire control

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 16, 2021

Jacobs Vehicle Systems and Tula Technology have signed a cooperation agreement to accelerate the development of Jacobs Cylinder Deactivation (CDA) valve actuation technology in conjunction with Tula’s Dynamic Skip Fire (DSF) control algorithms ( earlier post ).

Diesel

Diesel Emissions Fuel Economy Alternative Fuels

SEAT introducing first natural-gas-fueled SUV at Paris show: Arona TGI

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 29, 2018

The new Arona TGI marks the fourth vehicle in SEAT’s line-up to benefit from the cleaner, cheaper fuel, joining the Leon, Ibiza and Mii. This powertrain will now come as standard with a six-speed manual transmission, helping to increase efficiency and driveability. The new SEAT Arona is powered by a three-cylinder, 12 valve 1.0-liter

Gas

Gas SUV Fuel Gasoline

ICF report finds California Low Carbon Fuel Standard can be achieved with modest changes in diversity of fuels

Green Car Congress

JUNE 13, 2013

Each colored stacked bar represents credits generated via low carbon fuels; the red line represents the deficits from forecasted CARBOB and ultra low sulfur diesel (ULSD) consumption. The LCFS requires a 10% reduction in the carbon intensity (in gCO 2 e/MJ) of transportation fuels by 2020, as measured on a lifecycle basis.

California

California Carbon Fuel Standards

California Air Resources Board readopts Low Carbon Fuel Standard, adopts regulation on alternative diesel fuels

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 25, 2015

The Air Resources Board re-adopted a Low Carbon Fuel Standard ( LCFS ), which requires a 10% reduction by 2020 in the carbon intensity of transportation fuels. The program requires that transportation fuels used in California meet a baseline target for carbon intensity which is reduced each year. Alternative Diesel Fuels.

Carbon

Carbon California Fuel Diesel

DOE researchers investigate economic and environmental impacts of converting wet waste to renewable diesel

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 3, 2022

Heavy-duty diesel vehicles using mixing controlled compression ignition (MCCI), the most common ignition and combustion strategies for heavy-duty diesel engines, contribute significantly to the emissions of GHG, oxides of nitrogen (NO x ), and particular matter (PM) and are subject to stringent emission standards. —Ou et al.

Waste

Waste Diesel Renewable Convert

Total BEV sales in California at 8.9% of 2030 goal

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 26, 2020

For a baseline, the report uses the goal of 5 million zero-emission vehicles (ZEVs) on California roads by 2030 set by Executive Order B-48-18, which expanded on the prior Executive Order B-16-2012, which set a goal of 1.5 Overall, total light vehicle sales in California in the first half of 2020 were 786,219 units, down 26.9%

California

California Sale PHEV 2019

Toyota Financial Services issues first Euro-denominated Green Bond allocated specifically to the sales of low-emission vehicles; €600M

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 21, 2017

Toyota Financial Services (TFS) issued its first euro-denominated unsecured Green Bond today, expanding its commitment to the sale of environmentally friendly vehicles. There are currently nine vehicles in the Toyota and Lexus lineup that qualify. Qualifying Lexus vehicles include the CT 200h and ES 300h.

Toyota

Toyota Green Lexus Prius

Hyundai NEXO FCEV and Kona electric CUV win spots in 2019 WardsAuto 10 Best Engines

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 14, 2018

Hyundai has taken two out of the ten spots in the 2019 WardsAuto 10 Best Engine competition with the all-new 2019 NEXO FCEV fuel cell vehicle and 2019 Kona Electric CUV. The endless hours of research, evaluation and real-world analysis by our engineering community has effectively raised the bar for alternative fuel applications.

2019

2019 Hyundai Engine Alternative Fuels

Testing shows isobutanol fuel blends show promise for use in small engines, off-road vehicles

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 28, 2011

The Outdoor Power Equipment Institute (OPEI) reported that a side-by-side evaluation of the performance, durability and emissions of ethanol and isobutanol fuel blends run by Briggs & Stratton (B&S) on its small engines found that isobutanol fuel blends (provided by Gevo) did not cause any irregular or unstable engine or performance issues.

Engine

Engine Fuel Vehicles Alternative Fuels

155 businesses and industry groups send letter of support for California LCFS in current and possibly more stringent future forms

Green Car Congress

MAY 12, 2017

Approved in 2009 and first implemented in 2011, the LCFS requires California fuel providers to reduce the carbon intensity of transportation fuels at least 10% by 2020, by phasing in less carbon-intensive fuel technologies. Similarly, fuels and fuel blendstocks with CIs below the standard generate credits.

California

California Future Industrial Industry

Audi survey finds more than half of US drivers would support government initiative to spur diesel vehicle sales

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 17, 2013

A poll conducted online by Harris Interactive on behalf of Audi of America found that a majority of American drivers would support government initiatives aimed at spurring clean diesel vehicle sales in the US. Audi believes there are a variety of viable alternative fuel solutions, including electric, but diesel is readily available today.

Audi

Audi Diesel Sale Available Today

Creative Bus Sales Opens Its Second Dedicated Alt Fuels Vehicle Conversion Facility

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 11, 2010

Creative Bus Sales has opened a 30,000 sq ft facility in Elkhart, Indiana that will initially be used to perform alternative fuel conversions on buses, trucks, and vans. The process will take gasoline powered vehicles and convert them to run on propane and compressed natural gas (CNG).

Conversion

Conversion Sale Fuel Alternative Fuels

EIA projects decline in transportation sector energy consumption through 2037 despite increase in VMT, followed by increase

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 28, 2019

For the Transportation sector, EIA projects that energy consumption will decline between 2019 and 2037 (in the Reference case) because increases in fuel economy more than offset growth in vehicle miles traveled (VMT). This growth arises from increases in air transportation outpacing increases in aircraft fuel efficiency.

Transportation

Transportation Energy Fuel Economy 2018

Harmonizing Low Carbon Fuel Standards

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 21, 2011

—Low Carbon Fuel Standard 2011 Program Review Report. The California LCFS regulation, which went in to effect on 15 April 2010, targets a reduction of the carbon intensity (CI), on a full-fuel lifecycle basis, of transportation fuels (measured in gCO 2 e/MJ) used in California by an average of 10% by the year 2020.

Carbon

Carbon Standards Fuel Oregon

Crazy Diamond Performance develops mono-fuel CNG Chevrolet Cruze

Green Car Congress

JULY 14, 2014

Crazy Diamond Performance (CDP) has developed a mono-fuel CNG Chevrolet Cruze, with intended market introduction no later than October 2014. The CDP CNG Cruze will certified to the cleanest emissions standard available for an internal combustion engine, according to CDP President Kevin Fern. Fern said that the 1.8L-equipped

Chevrolet

Chevrolet Fuel Fuel Economy Alternative Fuels

SEAT pushes forward with CNG line-up

Green Car Congress

APRIL 9, 2019

SEAT, a member of the Volkswagen Group, continues to spearhead the introduction of compressed natural gas (CNG) technology, giving customers the widest choice of vehicles that are cleaner, more sustainable and offer even greater efficiency. A CNG vehicle reduces CO 2 emissions by about 25% compared to a gasoline-driven equivalent.

Gasoline-Electric

Gasoline-Electric Gasoline Gas Gas-Electric

Lightning Hybrids releases initial emissions testing results for medium-duty hydraulic hybrids

Green Car Congress

JUNE 19, 2014

The results show decreases in NO x of up to 90% and decreases in CO 2 emissions of up to 16% over the same baseline vehicle, depending upon the drive cycle tested. Lightning Hybrids tested two vehicles: a 2013 Ford E450 6.8-liter The vehicles were tested on the SGS dynamometer using SGS drivers and equipment. mph), low 2.1

Hybrid

Hybrid Emissions West Virginia Colorado

Citi report finds meeting higher CAFE/GHG standards likely to bring higher profits for all automakers, nearly $2.5 billion in extra profits for Detroit Three

Green Car Congress

APRIL 5, 2012

Source: “Fuel Economy Focus: Perspectives on 2020 Industry Implications”. The report, “Fuel Economy Focus: Perspectives on 2020 Industry Implications,” evaluates the impact that meeting the proposed fuel economy/GHG standards would have on the car industry in the year 2020. Role of alternative fuel vehicles.

Detroit

Detroit Standards Fuel Economy Economy

Deutsche Post DHL Group sees mass market potential for synthetic fuels in 5-10 years

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 18, 2019

Deutsche Post DHL Group has now published a new study— Sustainable Fuels for Logistics —presenting the current status of trends and developments in the sector, comparing and evaluating the advantages and disadvantages of the respective drives, and sharing its experiences from practical application.

Fuel

Fuel Market Alternative Fuels Clean Alternative

Clean Energy’s BAF Subsidiary Receives Second 463-CNG-Vehicle Conversion Order from ATT for 2010

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 21, 2009

a wholly owned subsidiary of Clean Energy Fuels Corp., The new order is in addition to a 463-unit order from AT&T for vehicles to be delivered during the first quarter of 2010. The conversions are part of AT&T’s plan to invest up to $565 million to deploy more than 15,000 alternative-fuel vehicles over the next 10 years.

Conversion

Conversion 2010 Clean Cleaning

European project working to establish basis for standardization of methanol fuels in Europe

EIA: China promoting both fuel efficiency and alternative-fuel vehicles to curb growing oil use

MIT study finds fuel economy standards are 6-14 times less cost effective than fuel tax for reducing gasoline use

Westport Fuel Systems awarded €38M program to supply LPG fuel systems to a global OEM

CMU study concludes alt fuel vehicle incentives for OEMs result in increased fleet gasoline consumption and emissions

President Obama issues Memorandum on Federal fleet performance to push for alternative fueled vehicles; GSA pilot project on EV purchases

Methanol Institute releases two reports on methanol as safe, efficient and clean fuel

Studies highlight effects of different gasoline components on fuel economy, combustion and emissions

US Postal Service contractor chooses propane for parcel deliveries; F-750s with ROUSH tech

Study finds behavior-influencing policies remain critical for mass market success of low-carbon vehicles

R?sselsheim Engineering Center developing next four-cylinder gasoline engine generation for Groupe PSA; optimized for hybrids

EPA trends report sees record levels of average new vehicle fuel economy and CO2 emissions for MY 2012; role of new gasoline vehicle technologies

California ARB staff considering including alternative jet fuel in Low Carbon Fuel Standard

EPAs GHG Standards for Light-Duty Vehicles; Special Credits To Encourage PHEVs, BEVs and FCVs

Toyota unveiles flexible fuel hybrid prototype in Brazil

EIA: US consumption of alt fuels up 13% in 2011; E85 second behind natural gas; medium-duty vans had greater impact than LDVs

France launches new climate plan; Euro 7 lead; targeting ending the sale of vehicles emitting GHGs by 2040

UPS collaborating with Workhorse to deploy 50 electric trucks; rivaling acquisition cost of conventional; no subsidies

EPA to study cutting amount of ethanol in U.S. gasoline

DOE to issue $22.3M funding opportunity for vehicle technologies; MD and HD PEVs, DI propane engine and partner projects

Landi Renzo and Leggett Platt to partner on CNG vehicles for North American Market

EPA awards SwRI $25M contract for emissions testing, analytical services for variety of propulsion systems

DOE proposes revising procedures for calculating petroleum-equivalent fuel economy of EVs for use in CAFE calculations

EPA annual trends report finds new vehicle fuel economy at record 24.1 mpg; new powertrain technologies rapidly gaining share

Jacobs and Tula to cooperate on CDA valve actuation with Dynamic Skip Fire control

SEAT introducing first natural-gas-fueled SUV at Paris show: Arona TGI

ICF report finds California Low Carbon Fuel Standard can be achieved with modest changes in diversity of fuels

California Air Resources Board readopts Low Carbon Fuel Standard, adopts regulation on alternative diesel fuels

DOE researchers investigate economic and environmental impacts of converting wet waste to renewable diesel

Total BEV sales in California at 8.9% of 2030 goal

Toyota Financial Services issues first Euro-denominated Green Bond allocated specifically to the sales of low-emission vehicles; €600M

Hyundai NEXO FCEV and Kona electric CUV win spots in 2019 WardsAuto 10 Best Engines

Testing shows isobutanol fuel blends show promise for use in small engines, off-road vehicles

155 businesses and industry groups send letter of support for California LCFS in current and possibly more stringent future forms

Audi survey finds more than half of US drivers would support government initiative to spur diesel vehicle sales

Creative Bus Sales Opens Its Second Dedicated Alt Fuels Vehicle Conversion Facility

EIA projects decline in transportation sector energy consumption through 2037 despite increase in VMT, followed by increase

Harmonizing Low Carbon Fuel Standards

Crazy Diamond Performance develops mono-fuel CNG Chevrolet Cruze

SEAT pushes forward with CNG line-up

Lightning Hybrids releases initial emissions testing results for medium-duty hydraulic hybrids

Citi report finds meeting higher CAFE/GHG standards likely to bring higher profits for all automakers, nearly $2.5 billion in extra profits for Detroit Three

Deutsche Post DHL Group sees mass market potential for synthetic fuels in 5-10 years

Clean Energy’s BAF Subsidiary Receives Second 463-CNG-Vehicle Conversion Order from ATT for 2010

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