2018, Emissions and Ozone

Study: 2/3 of aviation climate impact due to emissions other than CO2

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 6, 2020

of the human-made climate impact; two-thirds of this impact are caused by emissions other than CO 2 , according to a new study by researchers in Europe and the US. This new study is based on a thorough review of a decade of research on aviation emissions. The formation and emission of sulfate aerosol yields a negative (cooling) term.

Climate

Climate Emissions CO2 Climate Change

Harvard/Nanjing study: China’s war on PM2.5 pollution is causing more severe ozone pollution

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 3, 2019

In early 2013, the Chinese government declared a war on air pollution and began instituting stringent policies to regulate the emissions of PM 2.5. Cities restricted the number of cars on the road, coal-fired power plants reduced emissions or were shuttered and replaced with natural gas. Over the course of five years, PM 2.5

Ozone

Ozone Pollution China Chinese

Study finds rising emissions of ozone-depleting CFC-11, banned by Montreal Protocol

Green Car Congress

MAY 17, 2018

Emissions of one of the chemicals most responsible for the Antarctic ozone hole are on the rise, despite an international treaty that required an end to its production in 2010, a new study by researchers at NOAA and their colleagues shows. However, that decrease is significantly slower than it would be without the new CFC emissions.

Ozone

Ozone Emissions 2002 2010

Study: ozone levels higher across China than in other countries tracking the air pollutant

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 4, 2018

In China, people breathe ozone-laden air two to six times more often than people in the United States, Europe, Japan, or South Korea, according to a new international study published in Environmental Science & Technology Letters. 2017 for one ozone metric. The inset shows ozone trends in Beijing (red) and Los Angeles (blue).

Ozone

Ozone Pollution China South Korea

TOAR shows present-day global ozone distribution and trends relevant to health; public database

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 6, 2018

Ozone levels across much of North America and Europe dropped significantly between 2000 and 2014. People living in parts of southern Europe, South Korea and southern Japan and China also experienced more than 15 days a year of ozone levels above 70 ppb. Trends in daily maximum ozone levels (known as 4MDA8) at urban and non-urban sites.

Ozone

Ozone Global North America Colorado

CSIRO study finds ozone uptake in oceans much lower than previously thought

Green Car Congress

JULY 31, 2019

CSIRO scientists have developed a new way to account for ozone in computer simulations of the climate. This latest modeling shows that the oceans take much less ozone out of the atmosphere than previously thought. Ozone (O 3 ) is formed by reactions of chemicals such as nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds—i.e.,

Ozone

Ozone Climate Global Water

Study explores mechanisms of effects of personal ozone exposure on blood pressure and vascular endothelial function

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 15, 2018

A research team in China conducted a longitudinal panel study among 43 non-smoking college students in Shanghai to explore the effects of personal ozone exposure on blood pressure (BP), vascular endothelial function, and the potential molecular mechanisms. —Xia et al. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.8b03044. 8b03044.

Ozone

Ozone Personal 2018 Convert

Study finds propane school buses significantly decrease NOx emissions compared to diesel

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 5, 2019

According to a study commissioned by the Washington, DC-based Propane Education & Research Council (PERC), NO x emissions measured from propane autogas school buses were substantially lower than those measured from diesel school buses. For the stop-and-go route, NO x emissions were 34 times higher for the diesel school bus.

West Virginia

West Virginia Diesel Emissions Virginia

MIT study: half of US deaths related to air pollution are linked to out-of-state emissions

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 15, 2020

More than half of all air-quality-related early deaths in the United States are a result of emissions originating outside of the state in which those deaths occur, MIT researchers report in a paper in the journal Nature. Now it’s looking like other emissions sectors are becoming important. That wasn’t really possible before.

MIT

MIT Pollution Emissions 2005

Latest GHG Inventory shows California remains below 2020 emissions target; much steeper rate of GHG reductions required

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 23, 2020

California’s latest greenhouse gas data shows that while the state continues to stay below its 2020 target for emissions, there is much more work to do to achieve carbon neutrality by 2045. California statewide GHG emissions dropped below the 2020 GHG Limit in 2016 and have remained below the 2020 GHG Limit since then.

2020

2020 California Emissions 2018

Study suggests air pollution may be linked to heightened mouth cancer risk; PM2.5 and ozone

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 10, 2018

High levels of air pollutants, especially fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) and to a lesser extent, ozone, may be linked to a heightened risk of developing mouth cancer, suggests a study by a team of Taiwanese researchers. A significant association was also observed for ozone levels below 28.69-30.97 µg/m 3 , those above 40.37

Ozone

Ozone Pollution Taiwan 2009

Texas study finds PHEV use could increase ozone at night, decrease ozone during the day

Green Car Congress

APRIL 22, 2011

A study by researchers at the University of Texas found that in general, use of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) can lead to an increase in ozone during nighttime hours (due to decreased scavenging from both vehicles and EGU stacks) and a decrease in ozone during daytime hours. The results are less clear in Dallas and Houston.

Ozone

Ozone PHEV Texas San Antonio

Duke/York study finds long-term exposure to ozone has significant impacts on human health, but lower than prior modeling results

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 12, 2018

A team from Duke University in the US and University of York in the UK have utilized a novel method to estimate long-term ozone exposure and previously reported epidemiological results to quantify the health burden from long-term ozone exposure in three major regions of the world. —Karl Seltzer. Karl M Seltzer et al.

Ozone

Ozone 2015 United States Europe

Study finds global emissions of ethane and propane underestimated by more than 50%

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 27, 2018

When ethane and propane—the most abundant non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC) in the atmosphere—mix with nitrogen oxides from vehicles and power plants they form tropospheric ozone—a key component of smog and directly linked to increases in mortality. —Dalsøren et al. Read, Lucy J. Carpenter, Alastair C.

Emissions

Emissions Global Ozone 2011

Emissions of potent GHG HFC-23 have grown, contradicting reports of huge reductions

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 23, 2020

Despite reports that global emissions of the potent greenhouse gas, HFC-23, were almost eliminated in 2017, an international team of scientists, led by the University of Bristol, has found atmospheric levels growing at record values. As a result, they reported that they had almost completely eliminated HFC-23 emissions by 2017.

Emissions

Emissions India Ozone 2017

HALO research aircraft measuring the emissions of megacities in EmeRGe project

Green Car Congress

MARCH 22, 2018

However, emissions do not just remain in conurbations; particles and gaseous pollutants can be transported thousands of kilometers by the wind. The transport and transformation of plumes from selected European and Asian major population centers (MPCs) will now be investigated with special focus on the rate of formation of ozone and aerosols.

Emissions

Emissions Taiwan Asia Ozone

Tohoku team finds swirling ammonia in combustion chambers can help reduce NO emissions

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 15, 2018

Researchers at Tohoku University in Japan have identified a way to reduce harmful NO emissions produced by ammonia fuel during combustion. Although the space and time-averaged emission (STAE) of NO was found to decrease with increase in the global equivalence ratio (global ?) Copyright : Taylor & Francis.

Emissions

Emissions Hydrogen Fuel Global

Study finds significant slowdown in decrease of NOx emissions in US; implications for air quality management

Green Car Congress

MAY 1, 2018

NO x emissions have not been decreasing as expected in recent years (2011–2015) when comparing top-down estimates from satellites and surface NO 2 measurements to the trends predicted from the US Environmental Protection Agency’s emission inventory data, according to a new study by an international team of researchers.

Emissions

Emissions Ozone Pollution EPA

International study finds air pollution leads to millions of hospital visits for asthma attacks worldwide

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 28, 2018

Air pollution—specifically PM 2.5 , ozone and NO 2 —could be to blame for up to 33 million emergency asthma attack visits to hospital a year, according to a new open-access study published in the journal Environmental Health Perspectives. Anthropogenic emissions were responsible for ?37% 37% and 73% of ozone and PM 2.5

Pollution

Pollution Ozone International Aura

California introduces first-in-nation rules to reduce climate “super pollutants” from commercial refrigeration, air conditioning equipment

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 14, 2020

HFCs are synthetic gases that are used in a variety of applications, but mainly to replace ozone-depleting substances in aerosols, foams, refrigeration and air-conditioning. California is required to reduce HFC emissions 40% below 2013 levels by 2030 under Senate Bill 1383. This equipment often leaks refrigerants over time.

Pollution

Pollution California Commercial Climate

EPA issues ANPR on Clean Trucks Initiative, seeking input from public and stakeholders

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 7, 2020

The eventual CTI rulemaking will establish new, more stringent emission standards for NO x and other pollutants for highway heavy-duty engines. From 2007 to 2017, US NO x emissions dropped by more than 40%. The US EPA issued an Advance Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (ANPR) for the Cleaner Trucks Initiative (CTI).

EPA

EPA Ozone Clean Cleaning

Study finds US air pollution deaths nearly halved between 1990 and 2010

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 20, 2018

and ozone from a 21-year computer simulation of air pollution across the US. and ozone to the geographical areas in which people live and the causes of death in those areas, using data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, to estimate deaths from air pollution during the period. Hogrefe, C., Roselle, S. and Wong, D.

Pollution

Pollution 2010 Ozone North Carolina

Study associates long-term exposure to air pollution with increasing emphysema

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 15, 2019

Long-term exposure to ambient air pollutants, especially O 3 (ozone), is significantly associated with increasing emphysema, according to a new study led by the University of Washington, Columbia University and the University at Buffalo. The annual averages of ozone levels in study areas were between about 10 and 25 ppb.

Pollution

Pollution Ozone Washington Universal

EPA, NHTSA issue One National Program Rule; EPA withdraws CA waiver for GHG and fuel economy

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 19, 2019

The action finalizes parts of the SAFE Vehicles Rule that was first proposed on 2 August 2018. This action is based on the premise that federal law preempts state and local tailpipe greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions standards as well as zero emission vehicle (ZEV) mandates. Earlier post.)

Fuel Economy

Fuel Economy EPA Economy Fuel

Study provides more insight into air pollution mechanisms that cause cardiovascular diseases

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 24, 2018

course, fine, ultrafine particles) and gaseous pollutants such as ozone, on vascular function. Key research questions focused on components of air pollution (particulate matter, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, and sulfur dioxide) that are particularly damaging to the cardiovascular system and mechanisms that damage the vessels.

Pollution

Pollution Insight Ozone Cleveland

Study: consumer products overtake transportation as largest source of VOCs air pollution in cities

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 16, 2018

Consumer products such as shampoo, cleaning products and paint now contribute as much to emitted volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in cities as tailpipe emissions from vehicles, according to a new study led by NOAA. Total VOC emission factors for end uses of petrochemical sources in the study. McDonald et al. Click to enlarge.

Pollution

Pollution Transportation Production Los Angeles

PSI team provides first direct proof of ongoing chemical reactions in particulates

Green Car Congress

MARCH 14, 2020

The models simulate what happens in the atmosphere to predict, for example, how a reduction in certain emissions will affect air quality. pinene into the chamber and caused the compound to react with ozone. During the winter of 2018/19 and the summer of 2019, PSI researchers used it to investigate aerosols in the air in Zurich.

Pollution

Pollution Ozone Switzerland Emissions

PM2.5, O3 pollution associated with development of Alzheimer’s disease; new study identifies evolving axonal damage

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 23, 2018

and ozone at or above the current standards have been linked to neuroinflammation and high risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). suggesting long-term exposure to PM 2.5 , as well as ozone above the current US EPA standards, are associated with increased risk of Alzheimer’s disease. Exposures to concentrations of PM 2.5 g/m 3 in PM 2.5

Pollution

Pollution Ozone Mexico Montana

Study finds damage due to premature mortality from PM2.5 decreased >20% from 2008 to 2014

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 7, 2019

related emissions. Fourth, uncertainty in GED estimates tends to be high for sectors with predominantly ground-level emissions because these emissions are usually estimated and not measured. GED (in $2018) attributable to economic sectors and their respective precursor pollutants (NH 3 , NO x , primary PM 2.5 , SO 2 , and VOCs).

2008

2008 2014 Pollution Economy

CU Boulder study: routine household activities generate air quality on par with major polluted city

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 18, 2019

Furthermore, airborne chemicals that originate inside a house don’t stay there: Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from products such as shampoo, perfume and cleaning solutions eventually escape outside and contribute to ozone and fine particle formation, making up an even greater source of global atmospheric air pollution than cars and trucks do.

Pollution

Pollution Ozone Clean Cleaning

California ARB moves forward with climate and air quality actions

Green Car Congress

MARCH 24, 2017

CARB approved the State Strategy for the State Implementation Plan ( State SIP Strategy ), which describes CARB’s commitment for further reducing vehicle emissions needed to meet federal air quality standards over the next 15 years. emissions by more than 20%. emissions by more than 20%.

Climate

Climate California Ozone Pollution

HEI: 95%+ of world’s population live in areas of unhealthy air

Green Car Congress

APRIL 18, 2018

Air pollution is the leading environmental cause of death worldwide according to the State of Global Air 2018 , the annual report and interactive website published by the Health Effects Institute (HEI). State of Global Air 2018. Population-weighted seasonal average ozone concentrations in 2016. State of Global Air 2018.

Pollution

Pollution Coal 2016 India

UC Berkeley study confirms that yes, EVs do what they promise to do

Baua Electric

APRIL 5, 2024

Perhaps even more importantly, the study offers some quantifiable, granular data about how much electric vehicles are impacting emission rates in the here and now, not in the foreseeable future. For vehicle emission rates, those numbers dropped 2.6% Looking at the data, the researchers also saw a drop in emissions during the pandemic.

San Francisco

San Francisco Rhode Island CO2 San Jose

EPA proposes retaining current NAAQS for particulate matter

Green Car Congress

APRIL 15, 2020

concentrations in the US fell by 39% between 2000 and 2018 while average PM 10 concentrations fell by 31% during the same period. EPA is proposing that the current secondary standards are adequate to protect against PM-related visibility impairment, climate effects, and effects on materials. Average PM 2.5

EPA

EPA Standards Ozone Pollution

EPA and DOT issue final Phase 2 GHG and fuel efficiency rulemaking for medium- and heavy-duty trucks

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 16, 2016

These standards will result in significant GHG emissions reductions and fuel efficiency improvements across all of these vehicle types. For example, when the standards are fully phased in, tractors in a tractor-trailer will achieve up to 25% lower CO 2 emissions and fuel consumption than an equivalent tractor in 2018.

EPA

EPA Fuel Standards Emissions

Calif. ARB releases GHG scoping plan update; more ZEVs, “LEV IV”, MD and HD regulations; ZEV for trucks; more LCFS

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 11, 2014

The California Air Resources Board released the draft proposed first update to the AB 32 Scoping Plan, which guides development and implementation of California’s greenhouse gas emission reduction programs. California’s zero emission vehicle (ZEV) regulation is also driving a transformation of the fleet. Transportation.

Transportation

Transportation Emissions California Ozone

USC study finds particulate matter in air pollution affects thyroid development in fetuses

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 19, 2018

They did not see the same increases associated with other air pollutants, such as ozone or nitrogen dioxide. 2018) “Association of Prenatal Exposure to Ambient and Traffic-Related Air Pollution With Newborn Thyroid Function. Exposures during months three to seven of pregnancy were most significant for PM 2.5. Howe, Sandrah P.

Pollution

Pollution Los Angeles California Ozone

California Air Resources Board posts revised draft of strategy to reduce “Super Pollutants”

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 29, 2016

SLCPs include black carbon (soot), methane and hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)—the fastest-growing source of GHG emissions in California and globally—which are used as refrigerants, aerosol propellants and insulation. Therefore a target for forest-derived black carbon emission reductions is not included in the SLCP Strategy.

Pollution

Pollution California Emissions Climate

The New Supersonic Boom

Cars That Think

AUGUST 16, 2021

Meanwhile, environmentalists were voicing concern—about how noisy such aircraft are taking off, about the possibility that their high-altitude emissions would erode the ozone layer, and about how disruptive the sonic booms would be. The last of these issues was perhaps the most vexing, prompting the U.S.

Oklahoma City

Oklahoma City Ozone Oklahoma Fuel

Study associates ozone exposure at birth to increased risk of developing asthma

Green Car Congress

MAY 21, 2018

A long-term study of the health of Canadian children has found that exposure to ozone (O 3 ) at birth was associated with an 82% increased risk of developing asthma by age three. An 82% higher risk of developing asthma was associated with each 10 parts per billion, or ppb increase in exposure to ozone at birth. Resources.

Ozone

Ozone Pollution San Diego Canada

OptiFuel finalizing $2.6M DOE grant to demonstrate RNG hybrid line-haul locomotive

Green Car Congress

JULY 24, 2020

The program will demonstrate that a suite of commercially available, EPA-rail-certified engines present a near-term, low-risk solution to create an affordable RNG hybrid line-haul locomotive with near zero emissions while simultaneously improving fuel cost by 50%. In 2018, Class I, II, and III railroads purchased 4.7 g/bhp-hr of PM.

Grant

Grant Hybrid Ozone EPA

Large-scale study finds air pollution increases ER visits for breathing problems; rate depends on age, pollutant and lung disease

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 18, 2019

As levels of ozone and fine particulate pollution (PM 2.5 ) rise, more patients end up in the ER with breathing problems, according to the largest US study of air pollution and respiratory emergency room visits of patients of all ages. In “Age-specific Associations of Ozone and PM 2.5 among children, 5.1% among adults under 65 and 3.3%

Pollution

Pollution Ozone MPH 2018

ROUSH CleanTech develops near-zero NOx propane autogas engine; CARB-certified at 0.02 g/bhp-hr

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 28, 2018

Alternative-fuel technology company ROUSH CleanTech has developed the first available propane autogas engine certified to California Air Resources Board’s (CARB’s) optional low oxides of nitrogen emissions standard for heavy-duty engines with 0.02 grams per brake horsepower-hour (g/bhp-hr). Earlier post.). g/bhp-hr heavy-duty engine standard.

Engine

Engine Cleaner Ozone Emissions

Study links air pollution to increased emergency department visits for heart and lung disease

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 11, 2018

They found that exposure to pollutants such as ground-level ozone and nitrogen oxides, which are created from burning fossil fuels, led to increased ED visits. ozone and sulfate) origin and cardiorespiratory emergency department (ED) visits for 8 specific outcomes in five U.S. nitrogen oxides) and secondary (e.g. Krall, Howard H.

Pollution

Pollution St. Louis Dallas Atlanta

Study: 2/3 of aviation climate impact due to emissions other than CO2

Harvard/Nanjing study: China’s war on PM2.5 pollution is causing more severe ozone pollution

Study finds rising emissions of ozone-depleting CFC-11, banned by Montreal Protocol

Study: ozone levels higher across China than in other countries tracking the air pollutant

TOAR shows present-day global ozone distribution and trends relevant to health; public database

CSIRO study finds ozone uptake in oceans much lower than previously thought

Study explores mechanisms of effects of personal ozone exposure on blood pressure and vascular endothelial function

Study finds propane school buses significantly decrease NOx emissions compared to diesel

MIT study: half of US deaths related to air pollution are linked to out-of-state emissions

Latest GHG Inventory shows California remains below 2020 emissions target; much steeper rate of GHG reductions required

Study suggests air pollution may be linked to heightened mouth cancer risk; PM2.5 and ozone

Texas study finds PHEV use could increase ozone at night, decrease ozone during the day

Duke/York study finds long-term exposure to ozone has significant impacts on human health, but lower than prior modeling results

Study finds global emissions of ethane and propane underestimated by more than 50%

Emissions of potent GHG HFC-23 have grown, contradicting reports of huge reductions

HALO research aircraft measuring the emissions of megacities in EmeRGe project

Tohoku team finds swirling ammonia in combustion chambers can help reduce NO emissions

Study finds significant slowdown in decrease of NOx emissions in US; implications for air quality management

International study finds air pollution leads to millions of hospital visits for asthma attacks worldwide

California introduces first-in-nation rules to reduce climate “super pollutants” from commercial refrigeration, air conditioning equipment

EPA issues ANPR on Clean Trucks Initiative, seeking input from public and stakeholders

Study finds US air pollution deaths nearly halved between 1990 and 2010

Study associates long-term exposure to air pollution with increasing emphysema

EPA, NHTSA issue One National Program Rule; EPA withdraws CA waiver for GHG and fuel economy

Study provides more insight into air pollution mechanisms that cause cardiovascular diseases

Study: consumer products overtake transportation as largest source of VOCs air pollution in cities

PSI team provides first direct proof of ongoing chemical reactions in particulates

PM2.5, O3 pollution associated with development of Alzheimer’s disease; new study identifies evolving axonal damage

Study finds damage due to premature mortality from PM2.5 decreased >20% from 2008 to 2014

CU Boulder study: routine household activities generate air quality on par with major polluted city

California ARB moves forward with climate and air quality actions

HEI: 95%+ of world’s population live in areas of unhealthy air

UC Berkeley study confirms that yes, EVs do what they promise to do

EPA proposes retaining current NAAQS for particulate matter

EPA and DOT issue final Phase 2 GHG and fuel efficiency rulemaking for medium- and heavy-duty trucks

Calif. ARB releases GHG scoping plan update; more ZEVs, “LEV IV”, MD and HD regulations; ZEV for trucks; more LCFS

USC study finds particulate matter in air pollution affects thyroid development in fetuses

California Air Resources Board posts revised draft of strategy to reduce “Super Pollutants”

The New Supersonic Boom

Study associates ozone exposure at birth to increased risk of developing asthma

OptiFuel finalizing $2.6M DOE grant to demonstrate RNG hybrid line-haul locomotive

Large-scale study finds air pollution increases ER visits for breathing problems; rate depends on age, pollutant and lung disease

ROUSH CleanTech develops near-zero NOx propane autogas engine; CARB-certified at 0.02 g/bhp-hr

Study links air pollution to increased emergency department visits for heart and lung disease

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