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The European Community’s air pollutantemission inventory report released by the European Environment Agency finds that in 2007, sulphur oxides (SO x ) emissions were down by 72 % from 1990 levels. EU-27 emissions of all four pollutants were lower in 2007 than in 2006.
Shipping emissions form a significant part of the commodity supply chain’s carbon footprint, particularly for those commodities reliant on the mass transport of low-grade ores and concentrates. Roskill has analyzed the trend in carbon intensity of shipping using spodumene concentrate as an example. Regulatory background.
Results from the California Household Travel Survey ( CHTS ) —the largest and most complex review of its kind— show that the%age of California residents walking, biking, or using public transportation on a typical day has more than doubled since 2000. In 2000, that share was only 11%.
pollution was significantly associated with an increased risk of hospital admissions for several neurological disorders, including Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and other dementias, in a long-term study of more than 63 million older US adults, led by researchers at Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health.
Global sulfur dioxide emissions by region. The analysis by researchers in the US and Europe estimates anthropogenic global and regional sulfur dioxide emissions spanning the period 1850–2005 using a bottom-up mass balance method, calibrated to country-level inventory data. Emissions were distributed on a 0.5° Click to enlarge.
The study looked at water quality regulations and found that local officials more heavily enforced regulations on polluting firms that were monitored and tracked by the central government, while not enforcing regulations on firms not tracked. A 10% reduction in pollution led to a 3% drop in productivity for China’s polluting industries.
Despite the economic effects of the global financial crisis (GFC), carbon dioxide emissions from human activities rose 2% in 2008 to an all-time high of 1.3 Other main findings of the study include: CO 2 emissions from the burning of fossil fuels have increased at an average annual rate of 3.4% over the previous seven years.
The dual-fuel diesel-biomethane powered bus is expected to reduce pollutantemissions and greenhouse gas emissions by around a half. The vehicle can still run on diesel, providing flexibility, but most of the time is running on biomethane gas which is a much cleaner and less polluting fuel. A hat-tip to John!).
Radiative forcing due to perpetual constant year 2000emissions grouped by sector for 2020 (left) and 2100 (right) showing the contribution from each species. Cars, buses, and trucks release pollutants and greenhouse gases that promote warming, while emitting few aerosols that counteract it. From Unger et al., Click to enlarge.
Optimized fuel properties with regard to different emissions Janssen et al. Thus, soot emissions can be reduced significantly while HC and CO emissions are not negatively affected. In order to reduce HC and CO emissions at low engine loads, fuels with a shorter ignition delay are appropriate. Click to enlarge.
Effects of changes in the average lifespan of ordinary passenger cars newly registered between 1990-2000 on total induced CO 2 emissions in 2000. Conversely, encouraging shortened vehicle lifetime via vehicle replacement schemes can result in higher total-induced greenhouse gas emissions, the authors found.
California’s latest greenhouse gas data shows that while the state continues to stay below its 2020 target for emissions, there is much more work to do to achieve carbon neutrality by 2045. California statewide GHG emissions dropped below the 2020 GHG Limit in 2016 and have remained below the 2020 GHG Limit since then.
Researchers from China and the US have found that long-term exposure to air pollution impedes cognitive performance in verbal and math tests. Air quality was measured using the air pollution index (API), which is calculated based on daily readings of sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), and particulate matter smaller than 10 ?m
positive or negative—and magnitude of net climate forcing from BC emissions), currently available scientific and technical information provides a strong foundation for making mitigation decisions to achieve lasting benefits for public health, the environment, and climate. emissions in 2005. Earlier post.). Earlier post.).
This continued shorter-term cooling response caused by certain emissions does not negate the necessity for reductions in CO 2 emissions, which are crucial to limiting the long-term warming impact of the sector, the researchers cautioned. of the total anthropogenic CO 2 emissions in that year. —Lud et al.
In its sixth sales-weighted analysis of emissions from 8 major automakers’ 2013 model year vehicles, the Union of Concerned Scientists’ (UCS) latest Automaker Rankings report found that Hyundai-Kia unseated Honda as the “Greenest Automaker.” Click to enlarge. Source: UCS. Click to enlarge.
The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the US Department of Transportation (DOT) formally unveiled their joint proposal to set stronger fuel economy and greenhouse gas pollution standards for Model Year 2017-2025 passenger cars and light trucks. mpg US (5.87 L/100km) in model year 2021, and 49.6 L/100km) in model year 2025.
Long-term exposure to particulate air pollution has been linked to an increased risk of heart disease, but the biological process has not been understood. Participant-specific pollutant concentrations averaged over the years 2000–10 ranged from 9.2–22.6 The study is published in The Lancet. and NO x between 1999 and 2012.
The entire life cycle of the passenger cars is taken into account, including the manufacture of the vehicles and the environmentally relevant emissions from driving. Noise emissions [Person-Pascal/second]. When, Where and How can battery-electric vehicles help reduce greenhouse gas emissions? (in Sample results from Carculator.
The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) released the Second Integrated Urban Air Toxics Report to Congress—the final of two reports required under the Clean Air Act (CAA) to inform Congress of progress in reducing public health risks from urban air toxics (also referred to as hazardous air pollutants or HAPs).
New research by a team from the US, China and Japan focusing on the Houston, Texas area suggests that widespread urban development alters weather patterns in a way that can make it easier for pollutants to accumulate during warm summer weather instead of being blown out to sea. ““The very existence of the Houston area favors stagnation.”
Comparison of Hg emissions in 2005 and 2010, by selected sector and region. Unintentional emission sectors: Coal burning, ferrous- and non-ferrous (Au, Cu, Hg, Pb, Zn) metal production, cement production. Intentional-use sectors: Disposal and incineration of product waste, cremation emissions, chlor-alkali industry.
New methods of testing and simulating air quality should be considered in order to help policy makers have a more accurate understanding of how emissions affect air pollution levels, new research suggests. The researchers compared current techniques used to describe atmospheric chemical reactions against more historical techniques.
Issues covered in the briefing include emissions, air pollution, noise and renewable energy and the impact of transport on ecosystems and biodiversity. Evolution of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the EU-28 from 1990 to 2016. In 2016, average emissions decreased by 1.5 Source: EEA. Click to enlarge. g CO 2 /km, a 9.2%
Current emissions of anthropogenic greenhouse gases (GHGs) have already committed the planet to an increase in average surface temperature by the end of the century that may be above the critical threshold for tipping elements of the climate system into abrupt change with potentially irreversible and unmanageable consequences, the authors write.
Increasing engine speed from 2000 to 6000 rpm, indicated thermal efficiency decreases from 47% to 45% for the turbocharged case and from 46% to 44% for the naturally aspirated one due to higher pressure losses in the transfer phase. Pollutantemission behavior vs. engine speed.confirms the validity of the HCPC combustion concept.
Volkswagen’s view of powertrain technologies to minimize greenhouse gas emissions. On this basis the Volkswagen Group was working towards its declared objective of lowering the European new car fleet’s CO 2 emission level to 95 g of CO 2 /km by 2020. Source: Prof. Dr. Jürgen Leohold, Executive Director Volkswagen Group Research.
The California Air Resources Board (CARB) has posted a revised draft of California’s proposed Short-Lived Climate Pollutant (SLCP) Strategy. SLCPs are a category of pollutants which remain in the atmosphere for a relatively brief period, but have global warming potentials that are much higher than those of CO 2. Black carbon.
Replacing all of the oldest, highly polluting school buses in the US could lead to 1.3 Even relatively short commutes on school buses can dominate students’ daily air pollution exposures. Applying their results nationwide, the researchers extrapolated that replacing all pre-2000 model school buses would lead to more than 1.3
Since 1990, nationwide air quality has improved significantly for the six common air pollutants: ground-level ozone; particle pollution; lead; nitrogen dioxide; carbon monoxide; and sulfur dioxide, according to the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) report “Our Nation’s Air - Status and Trends through 2008”. annual PM 2.5
The California Air Resources Board directed its staff to take steps to provide further locomotive and rail yard emission reductions beyond those achieved by existing US Environmental Protection Agency and state regulations and agreements. While we are pleased to have already reduced diesel emissions at the rail yards, it’s not enough.
Leaded gasoline was a larger emission source of the toxic heavy metal lead than mining in South America, even though the extraction of metals from the region’s mines historically released huge quantities of lead into the environment, according to a study by researchers from the Paul Scherrer Institute PSI and the University of Bern.
and Par Hawaii Refining that resolves alleged Clean Air Act violations and protects public health by reducing air pollution at six refineries. Strict internal leak definitions: 500 ppm for valves and 2000 ppm for pumps. Tesoro will also pay a $10.45 million civil penalty. Internal first attempt at repair at 100 ppm for valves.
This potential leap in destructiveness and pollution—mainly from an increase in wildfire frequency—is forecast by computer models calculating impacts of moderate global warming on western US wildfire patterns and atmospheric chemistry. Jennifer Logan. Their new work could help policymakers gauge how severe that penalty might become.
million and spend more than $700 million in new pollution controls that will help protect public health and resolve Clean Air Act violations at its St. The Clean Air Act requires major sources of air pollution to obtain such permits before making changes that would result in a significant emissions increase of any pollutant.
The Government of Canada has published proposed Locomotive Emissions Regulations in the Canada Gazette, Part I. This marks Canada’s first regulation of air pollutantemissions from locomotives. The emission standards set out in these proposed regulations will also align with those of the United States. of PM emissions.
US EPA Region 9 8-hour ozone trends, 1979-2000. These new SIPs demonstrate that, by 2024, pollution will be reduced to the level needed to attain the 1997 8-hour ozone standard of 0.08 In both areas, statewide measures such as the in-use truck and off-road diesel rules, and smog-check improvements will further reduce air pollution.
Results from a new study by researchers at the University of California Irvine support a growing body of scientific literature indicating that sensitive populations, including children, certain ethnic groups and people of lower socioeconomic status, are more vulnerable to the effects of high exposures to traffic-related air pollution.
Schematic overview of the primary black-carbon emission sources and the processes that control. Black carbon (BC) is the second largest man-made contributor to global warming and its influence on climate has been greatly underestimated, according to the first quantitative and comprehensive analysis of this pollutant’s climate impact.
In particular, the study led by Drew Shindell found that methane emissions have a larger warming impact due to those interactions than accounted for in current carbon-trading schemes or in the Kyoto Protocol. Shindell et al. Similar reactions influence the creation of nitrate aerosols.
Ozone levels across much of North America and Europe dropped significantly between 2000 and 2014. In some parts of Asia, Africa and South America, the researchers identified data gaps which prevented them from characterizing ozone pollution exposure patterns. Source: University of Leicester. Click to enlarge. TOAR is not just a report.
A study by researchers from the University of Denver and the University of Puget Sound indicates that high-mileage light-duty fleets contribute higher emissions and emissions share than expected based on their actual numbers in the fleet. Most emission inventory calculations use a computer model to estimate the fleet’s emissions.
The European Parliament will vote at the next plenary session on a proposal to veto a draft decision to raise diesel car emission limits for NO x by up to 110% when the Real Driving Emissions (RDE) test procedure is introduced. January 2005: 250 mg/km (Euro 4). September 2009: 180 mg/km (Euro 5).
The Houston-Galveston Area Council (H-GAC) has partnered with the Center for Transportation and the Environment (CTE) and Smith Electric Vehicles Corporation (Smith Electric) to reduce vehicle emissions from delivery trucks in the Houston-Galveston region. Each Smith Newton will be delivered with an electric vehicle charging station (EVSE).
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