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The PODA model is a machine-learning-based model to project the US gasoline demand using COVID-19 pandemic data, government policies and demographic information. The Motor Gasoline Demand Estimation Module quantifies motor gasoline demands due to the changes in travel mobility. —Ou et al.
The federal subsidy significantly favors larger battery packs to a stronger degree than their potential for additional gasoline savings. Non-domestic charging infrastructure is generally not necessary for operation of PHEVs, and substantial gasoline displacement can be achieved solely with home charging. Peterson and Michalek 2012.
A team at the University of Madison-Wisconsin studied critical sooting equivalence ratios and subsequent particulate formation during spark-ignition combustion for blends of ethanol, isobutanol (2-methyl-1-propanol), and methylbutenol (2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol) with gasoline using premixed prevaporized (PMPV) fueling. 2022.124638.
A study led by environmental health scientists at Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health examined the release of vapors from gasoline station vent pipes, and found benzene emissions were 10 times higher than estimates used in setback regulations that determine how close schools, playgrounds, and parks can be to the facilities.
In the US Energy Information Administration’s Annual Energy Outlook 2014 (AEO2014) Reference case, more-stringent vehicle fuel economy standards contribute to a decline in motor gasoline consumption through 2040. The Reference case projects an increase in VMT that, all else equal, would increase motor gasoline fuel consumption.
The Government of Sweden has launched a study to offer proposals on how to implement a ban on sales of new gasoline and diesel cars, and the timeline for the phase-out of fossil fuels. The final report is to be presented by 1 February 2021. Sven Hunhammar will chair the inquiry.
The US Energy Information Administration’s (EIA’s) Annual Energy Outlook 2022 (AEO2022) Reference case forecasts that US energy consumption will grow through 2050, primarily driven by population and economic growth. Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Outlook 2022 (AEO2022).
However, an electric vehicle may ultimately prove to be less expensive, even given the higher initial purchase cost, as every kilometer driven electrically costs less than driving on gasoline or diesel fuel. We are looking for applications in which electric vehicles are cheaper than a reference car with a combustion engine.
At a high level, they found that: Gasoline Compression-Ignition (GCI) hybrids reduce WTW GHG emissions by 7–43% versus unhybridized GCI. Four reference vehicles were equipped with: gasoline spark-ignition (SI) engine. WTW GHG reduction ranges afforded by the different GCI hybrid architectures. Abdul-Manan et al. 2020.114936.
GDCI engine was significantly better than advanced production spark injection gasoline engines, and comparable to very efficient hybrid vehicle engines at their best efficiency conditions (214 g/kWh). This early work established that gasoline-like fuels with high resistance to autoignition are preferred for PPCI. Combustion stability.
A new study by a team at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) concludes that a high-pressure, scalable, intra-city hydrogen pipeline system could improve the economics and logistics of hydrogen delivery, making it potentially cost-competitive with gasoline. kg—approximately equivalent to a gasoline cost of $2.7/gal
Transportation sector gasoline demand declines. The US Energy Information Administration released its Annual Energy Outlook 2013 (AEO2013) Reference case (the Early Release ), which highlights a growth in total US energy production that exceeds growth in total US energy consumption through 2040. Click to enlarge.
Researchers at KAUST in Saudi Arabia, with colleagues from Saudi Aramco and the National University of Ireland Galway, have developed a new method for investigating the auto-ignition behavior of bioethanol-blended gasolines. Various gasoline surrogates, ranging from single to multi-components, have been proposed in the literature.
The new-generation compact car benefits from gasoline (TSI); diesel (TDI); compressed natural gas (TGI); mild-hybrid (eTSI) and plug-in hybrid (eHybrid) units. The new Leon’s offer of standard gasoline engines are all direct-injection, turbocharged units and provide power outputs between 66kW/90PS and 140kW/190PS. Plug-in hybrids.
A new study by Dr. Gautam Kalghatgi and his colleagues at Saudi Aramco provides further support a pathway for significant improvements in the efficiency of a gasoline engine (i.e., Broadly, this approach is termed Gasoline Compression Ignition (GCI). spark ignited, SI) by running it in compression ignition mode with naphtha fuels.
In a companion study to an SAE paper presented in April ( earlier post ), researchers at MIT have quantified the net economic and CO 2 emissions benefit that could be obtained by utilizing 98 RON gasoline in light-duty vehicles, based on reasonable assumptions for possible refinery changes and the evolution of the LDV fleet. Click to enlarge.
D-EGR is a SwRI-developed gasoline engine concept that uses in-cylinder fuel reforming to produce CO and H 2 (with Research Octane Numbers of 106 and 130, respectively) and high levels of recirculated gas (EGR) to achieve very high levels of thermal efficiency. liter gasoline direct injection engine.
Researchers at Jilin University (China) have investigated the effect of gasoline components on fuel economy, combustion and emissions in a GDI (gasoline-direct-injection) engine. So far, there are few complete comparative studies about the effect of different components of gasoline on fuel economy. The first paper (Han et al.
The project—the Controlled Hydrogen Fleet and Infrastructure Validation and Demonstration Project, also referred to as the National Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle (FCEV) Learning Demonstration—met its key technical targets, the NREL report said. 3/gallon gasoline equivalent (gge) hydrogen production cost (based on volume production).
Although it has a consistent quality and near-zero sulfur and heavy metals, GTL naphtha has a low octane rating, making it unsuitable for blending in gasoline. However, currently there is little knowledge available about the performance of gasolines containing GTL naphtha in spark ignition engines. —Wang et al. 2017.01.042.
As of July 2018, all BMW gasoline and plug-in hybrid models available in Germany will be fitted as standard with a gasoline particulate filter (GPF) and thus will comply with the exhaust standard Euro 6d-TEMP. In addition, another 39 diesel models will be going on the market with Euro 6d-TEMP rating.
EV refers to all-electric vehicles while PHEV refers to plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, which can be plugged in to draw electricity from an external source but also have a gasoline engine. Total plug-in vehicle sales in 2019 were nearly 326,000, or almost 2% of the nearly 17 million vehicles sold that year.
LDV energy consumption declines in AEO2014 Reference case from 16.0 quadrillion Btu in 2040 in the AEO2013 Reference case. The rising fuel economy of LDVs more than offsets the modest growth in VMT, resulting in a 25% decline in LDV energy consumption decline between 2012 and 2040 in the AEO2014 Reference case. Source: EIA.
Propane autogas, also referred to as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), is the most widely used alternative fuel in the world, with more than 17 million autogas vehicles on the road globally. Autogas is cleaner than gasoline and costs around $1.50 Autogas is cleaner than gasoline and costs around $1.50
The researchers suggest that these results indicate that multicylinder gasoline engine efficiency can be increased substantially with catalytic reforming combined with and higher EGR operation, resulting in a decrease of more than 8% in fuel consumption, compared to baseline operation.
Interestingly, they observed, this benefit is notwithstanding the high aromaticity of the gasoline compared to GTL. … one practical and relatively low cost fuel looks particularly promising, gasoline. Commonly referred to as Dieseline in literature, this mix of fossil fuels already has a proven track record as a PPC fuel.
Both the E-Class sedan and wagon offer a range of gasoline and diesel engines, all coming with the ECO start/stop system as standard equipment. The gasoline engines offered in the MY14 E-Class in the US are the V6 and V8 units in the E350 and E550, which will go on sale in Spring 2013. Earlier post.). city/highway). Intelligent drive.
Offering a higher-octane gasoline to the consumer market in the US as the standard grade could deliver an incremental 4.5% Offering a higher-octane gasoline to the consumer market in the US as the standard grade could deliver an incremental 4.5% Gasoline at US pumps is labeled with AKI (anti-knock index), the average of RON and MON.
Relative to the Reference case, the prices of HEVs and PHEV10s (plug-in hybrids with 10-mile electric range) in the High Technology Battery case are 5% below the price in 2035. Prices for battery electric vehicles, even by 2035 with the assumption of technology breakthroughs, are above those for conventional gasoline counterparts.
Both houses of the Iowa Legislature have passed a bill ( SF2344 ) providing for biobutanol-blended gasoline; modifying the rate of the E-15 plus gasoline promotion tax credit; and extending provisions for a biodiesel production refund.
Zip code is required because emissions are dependent upon fuels used to generate the electricity, often referred to as the grid mix, which varies by location. The upstream and tailpipe GHG emissions for an average new gasoline vehicle. For PHEVs, results include both upstream and tailpipe emissions.
Researchers from the University of Illinois and colleagues in China investigating the performance, combustion and emission characteristics of a port fuel-injection SI engine fueled with isopropanol-n-butanol-ethanol (IBE)-gasoline blends have concluded that an IBE30 blend could be a good alternative to gasoline. —Li et al.
Gasoline compression ignition (GCI) is an experimental engine technology that could consume 25% less energy than a conventional automobile engine. GCI uses a gasoline-type fuel, but rather than ignited with a spark, it is compression-ignited like diesel. Earlier post.)
Researchers at KAUST have developed a computational model capable of simulating soot production inside gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines. Particulate matter emissions are presently a concern in gasoline fueled direct-injection spark-ignition (DISI) engines. —Park et al.
Renault recently made public the findings of an internal study, published first in October 2011, detailing and comparing the lifecycle assessments (LCAs) of the battery-electric and two internal combustion engined versions (gasoline and diesel) of the Renault Fluence. dCi); gasoline Fluence 16V (1.6L); and the battery-electric Fluence Z.E. (22
A negative value means the case has a lower TCE than the reference case. Total GHG emissions from electricity generation and vehicle gasoline consumption, in the United States Eastern Interconnection in 2030, for 0%, 20%, and 100% EV adoption scenarios. They assumed a gasoline price of $4/gallon (2009 $). Click to enlarge.
Neste, currently largest producer of renewable drop-in fuels (primarily diesel) with its NEXBTL platform ( earlier post ), has filed a patent ( US20150144087 ) on a gasoline composition (and the method for making it) comprising up to 20 vol% (preferably from about 10-15 vol.%), of paraffinic bio-hydrocarbons originating from the NEXBTL process.
Researchers at Tsinghua University in China are studying the effects of Dual-Fuel Spark Ignition (DFSI) combustion fueled with different alcohols and gasoline. Alternatively, in the second study, gasoline–alcohol DFSI is based on PFI of gasoline and DI of alcohols.). Schematic of alcohols-gasoline DFSI combustion system.
The California State Board of Equalization (BOE) will consider lowering the excise tax rate for gasoline by 2.2 Before AB 6 and SB 70—collectively referred to as the “fuel tax swap”—took effect in 2010, drivers paid the full sales tax rate (then 8.25%), and an excise tax rate of 18 cents per gallon.
Environmental burden of a gasoline-fueled ICEV relative to that of a BEV (100%) assessed by four different methods: abiotic depletion potential (ADP), nonrenewable cumulated energy demand (CED), global warming potential (GWP), and Ecoindicator 99 H/A (EI99 H/A). Credit; ACS, Notter et al. Click to enlarge. kg CO 2 per km.
A new study concludes that using ethanol can be a cost-effective approach to increasing the octane rating of the US gasoline pool. A number of studies recently have pointed out that increasing the octane rating of the US gasoline pool (currently ?93 Ethanol has a high volumetric blending octane value in gasoline: ?115?135
For the Transportation sector, EIA projects that energy consumption will decline between 2019 and 2037 (in the Reference case) because increases in fuel economy more than offset growth in vehicle miles traveled (VMT). Light-duty vehicle miles traveled increases by 20% in the Reference case, growing from 2.9 trillion miles in 2018 to 3.5
Altex Technologies has selected Unitel to provide engineering services to design and build a pilot system that will produce 1 BPD of synthetic gasoline from biomass (Biomass Conversion to Synthetic Gasoline System, BCSGS). This award scales up the CBTL capacity, from the existing.3-BPD Mehdi Namazian, Vice President of Altex.
Hyundai Motor North America (HMNA) has joined Equilon Enterprises LLC (d/b/a Shell Oil Products US), also referred to as Shell Hydrogen, in Project Neptune to grow the hydrogen refueling infrastructure in California. The storage tanks will hold 600 and 1,200 kg of hydrogen at 55 bar.
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