Gasoline, International and Standards

Bosch, Shell, and Volkswagen develop renewable gasoline with 20% lower CO2; rollout of Blue Gasoline this year

Green Car Congress

MAY 4, 2021

Following on the introduction of R33 Blue Diesel ( earlier post ), Bosch, Shell, and Volkswagen have now developed a low-carbon gasoline. The new fuel, called Blue Gasoline, similarly contains up to 33% renewables, ensuring a well-to-wheel reduction in carbon emissions of at least 20% per kilometer driven. Every bit of CO?

Gasoline

Gasoline Renewable CO2 Gasoline-Electric

Study finds GHG emissions from corn ethanol now 46% lower than gasoline

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 27, 2021

A new study by a team from Environmental Health & Engineering (EH&E) has found that greenhouse gas emissions from corn ethanol are 46% lower than those from gasoline—a decrease in emissions from the estimated 39% done by previous modeling. gCO 2 e/MJ) which is 46% lower than the average carbon intensity for neat gasoline.

Gasoline

Gasoline Emissions Gasoline-Electric Gas-Electric

Blue Bird working with Lightning eMotors to offer electric repower option for gasoline- and propane-powered school buses

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 4, 2022

Blue Bird Corporation will offer a factory-certified electric repower program on select gasoline- and propane-powered Blue Bird school buses. Blue Bird customers can future-proof their school bus fleet by purchasing gasoline- or propane-powered vehicles and converting them easily and cost-effectively to zero-emission, electric buses later.

Gasoline-Electric

Gasoline-Electric Gasoline Powered Power

Calls for an international 48V electrical standard for vehicles; looming WLTP implementation

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 1, 2014

At the 2 nd International Conference Automotive 48 V Power Supply Systems , held last week in Düsseldorf, Germany, Controlled Power Technologies (CPT), a major sponsor of the event, together with leading car makers and Tier 1 suppliers, argued the need for an internationally agreed 48V electrical standard. 48V Hybrids Standards'

Standards

Standards International Vehicles Hybrid

Ongoing market rollout for SAE hydrogen fueling standards

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 10, 2014

The event is the most recent example of a concerted effort to educate stakeholders and encourage the implementation of the SAE hydrogen fueling standards. The event is the most recent example of a concerted effort to educate stakeholders and encourage the implementation of the SAE hydrogen fueling standards. Earlier post.)

Standards

Standards Hydrogen Fuel Market

Neste testing renewable gasoline in Sweden for possible commercialization internationally

Green Car Congress

MAY 22, 2021

Neste, the world’s leading producer of renewable diesel and sustainable aviation fuel (SAF), is beginning the final phase of testing of a renewable gasoline for drop-in commercial use in the existing fleet. The product fulfills EN228 standard and can be used in both existing and new gasoline and hybrid cars.

Sweden

Sweden Gasoline Renewable Commercial

BMW i Ventures invests in Prometheus Fuels; CO2 air-capture and conversion to carbon-neutral gasoline

Green Car Congress

JUNE 10, 2020

BMW i Ventures has invested in Prometheus Fuels ( earlier post ), a company removing CO 2 from the air and turning it into zero-net carbon gasoline that it will sell at gas stations, at a price that competes with fossil fuels, starting as early as this year. The effective upgrading of alcohols to gasoline, diesel, and jet fuels.

Gasoline

Gasoline Carbon Conversion BMW

Audi using supplementary port fuel injection to address particulates from gasoline direct injection

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 14, 2014

liter EA888 Gen3 engine featured in Audi’s all-road shooting brake plug-in hybrid concept unveiled at the North American International Auto Show this week ( earlier post ) features—as does its production ilk—a dual injection system that combines direct injection with indirect injection into the intake manifold. Earlier post.).

Gasoline

Gasoline Audi Fuel Engine

Achates showcases 2.7L, 3-cylinder opposed piston gasoline compression ignition engine in F-150; estimated 37 mpg combined

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 18, 2018

At the North American International Auto Show (NAIAS), Achates Power and new development parter Aramco Services ( earlier post ) showcased a Ford F-150 fitted with a 3-cylinder, 2.7-liter liter Opposed-Piston Gasoline Compression Ignition (OPGCI) engine. Earlier post.). —David Johnson, president and CEO, Achates Power.

F-150

F-150 Gasoline MPG Engine

VW’s 1.0 TSI in the new up! GTI wins International Engine of the Year 2018 award in its category; Euro 6d-TEMP

Green Car Congress

JUNE 6, 2018

GTI1 has been named International Engine of the Year 2018 in its category. The 85 kW / 115 PS gasoline-fired engine is the first of its kind to be combined with a four-way catalytic converter and installed in the up! It also comes with a gasoline particulate filter. Volkswagen’s 1.0 TSI in the new up! The 85 kW / 115 PS 1.0

2018

2018 Engine International Exhaust

New Volkswagen Golf GTI, GTD and GTE; gasoline, diesel and PHEV

Green Car Congress

MARCH 4, 2020

Volkswagen unveiled the new eight-generation Golf GTI, the Golf GTD and the Golf GTE plug-in hybrid via a live stream event, in place of the cancelled Geneva International Motor Show. The four-cylinder engine is coupled with a 6-speed manual gearbox as standard. The new Golf GTI is powered by a 180 kW (245 PS) 2.0-liter

Diesel

Diesel Gasoline PHEV Plug-in

NREL study finds high-pressure hydrogen pipeline system could potentially make hydrogen cost-competitive with gasoline

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 10, 2020

A new study by a team at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) concludes that a high-pressure, scalable, intra-city hydrogen pipeline system could improve the economics and logistics of hydrogen delivery, making it potentially cost-competitive with gasoline. kg—approximately equivalent to a gasoline cost of $2.7/gal

Hydrogen

Hydrogen Gasoline Los Angeles Chad

Promising Delphi 1st-gen Gasoline Direct Injection Compression Ignition engine meeting ultra fuel efficient program targets

Green Car Congress

APRIL 17, 2014

GDCI engine was significantly better than advanced production spark injection gasoline engines, and comparable to very efficient hybrid vehicle engines at their best efficiency conditions (214 g/kWh). Throughout the world, many efforts are being made to improve the thermal efficiency of internal combustion engines. 35% (PFI baseline).

Gasoline

Gasoline Engine Fuel Wisconsin

Three sustainable marine fuels showcased at Miami International Boat Show

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 18, 2023

The North American recreational boating industry showcased three sustainable marine fuels during an opening day event at the Discover Boating Miami International Boat Show. biobutanol and gasoline that reduces CO 2 emissions by up to 30% relative to conventional fossil‐based gasoline.

Miami

Miami Mariner International Fuel

New Delphi Technologies 500+ bar GDi system cuts gasoline particulate emissions by up to 50%, reduces fuel consumption

Green Car Congress

MAY 16, 2019

Reducing the number of exhaust gas particulates, including those smaller than 23 nm, will help manufacturers meet increasingly stringent future global emissions standards. —Walter Piock, chief engineer, Gasoline Systems, Delphi Technologies. Delphi 500+ bar GDi pump. Delphi 500+ bar GDi injector. —Walter Piock.

Emissions

Emissions Gasoline Fuel Exhaust

Opel begins production and deliveries of hydrogen Vivaro van

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 11, 2021

The Vivaro-e HYDROGEN is based on the existing battery electric Opel Vivaro-e, the “2021 International Van of the Year”. It takes only three minutes to refuel with hydrogen —about the same time needed to fill up a conventional diesel or gasoline vehicle. cubic meters of cargo volume. metres) with up to 1,000 kilograms of payload.

Hydrogen

Hydrogen Production Lithium Ion Recharge

Polestar releases LCA reports for long-range and standard-range single-motor versions of Polestar 2 EV

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 9, 2021

Polestar has released the LCA reports for the new Polestar 2 versions (Long-range Single-motor and Standard-range Single-motor), including all emissions from cradle to grave. e for “Standard-range Single-motor”. The company published an evaluation of the carbon footprint of the Long-range Dual-motor Polestar 2 in 2020.

Standards

Standards Range Motor Motoring

Methanol Institute releases two reports on methanol as safe, efficient and clean fuel

Green Car Congress

MARCH 17, 2020

SGS Inspire prepared a report for the Methanol Institute titled “Methanol: Properties and Uses,” providing an explanation of the main physical and chemical properties of methanol, as well as how these properties affect the different types of existing internal combustion engines in the market. and higher. and higher. and 25 % vol.

Cleaning

Cleaning Clean Fuel Gasoline-Electric

Study finds modern diesel cars emit fewer carbonaceous particulates than gasoline cars

Green Car Congress

JULY 14, 2017

A new study by an international team led by researchers from the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) in Switzerland has found that modern diesel passenger cars equipped with diesel particulate filters (DPFs) emit fewer carbonaceous particulates than gasoline-powered vehicles. times more SOA than POA after 5–10 hours of atmospheric aging.

Gasoline

Gasoline Diesel Cars Emissions

Mercedes-Benz launches new S-Class with hybrid, diesel, gasoline models; 59 mpg PHEV model to come

Green Car Congress

MAY 16, 2013

On a larger efficiency scale, the new S-Class in its first year will offer two hybrid versions, a gasoline model and a diesel variant: the S 400 HYBRID, S 300 BlueTEC HYBRID, S 500, and S 350 BlueTEC. All the engines already meet the requirements of the Euro-6 emissions standard. S 300 BlueTEC HYBRID. l/100 km (53.5 S 400 HYBRID.

MPG

MPG Mercedes Gasoline Diesel

Ricardo study finds electric and hybrid cars have a higher carbon footprint during production than conventional vehicles, but still offer a lower footprint over the full life cycle

Green Car Congress

JUNE 8, 2011

For a current standard mid-sized gasoline ICE (internal combustion engine) vehicle, the embedded carbon in production will be around 5.6tCO 2 e, around three quarters of which is the steel in the vehicle glider. Standard gasoline vehicle. —Greg Archer, LowCVP Managing Director. Estimated lifecycle.

Carbon

Carbon Hybrid Production Gasoline-Electric

Synhelion starts construction of DAWN demo plant to produce solar fuels

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 7, 2022

Synhelion has developed a solar thermal process for the production of syngas, which is then used in standard industrial processes to synthesize liquid fuels, such as kerosene, gasoline, or diesel, that are compatible with conventional jet engines and internal combustion engines.

Solar

Solar Fuel Germany Industry

Mazda announces SKYACTIV-X: gasoline Spark Controlled Compression Ignition

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 8, 2017

As part of the new technology to achieve this vision, the company disclosed plans to introduce a next-generation gasoline engine called SKYACTIV-X in 2019. This new proprietary combustion engine combines the advantages of gasoline and diesel engines to optimize environmental performance, power and acceleration performance. Yamasaki, Y.,

Mazda

Mazda Gasoline Fuel Economy Gasoline-Electric

PSA Peugeot Citroën and Bosch developing hydraulic hybrid powertrain for passenger cars; 30% reduction in fuel consumption in NEDC, up to 45% urban; B-segment application in 2016

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 22, 2013

The hydraulic components (motor and pump) recover and store the energy generated by the internal combustion engine and by braking and deceleration (kinetic energy); kinetic energy from braking that would otherwise be lost as heat is converted into hydraulic energy and stored in a pressure accumulator. l/100km (81.1

Hybrid

Hybrid 2016 Gasoline-Electric Fuel

Toyota introduces new 2020 Highlander and hybrid at New York International Auto Show; TNGA-K platform

Green Car Congress

APRIL 18, 2019

Toyota introduced the next-generation three-row 2020 Highlander SUV at the New York International Auto Show. Arriving in Toyota dealerships in winter, the Highlander gasoline model will arrive in December 2019 and the Highlander Hybrid will make its way to customers in February 2020. Toyota Safety Sense 2.0

Highlander

Highlander New York 2020 Toyota

ICCT: decline in diesel sales will have negligible impact on attainment of European CO2 emission standards

Green Car Congress

MARCH 19, 2018

The current decline is ales of diesel light duty vehicle in Europe does not put EU CO 2 targets out of reach of automakers, according to a new analysis by the International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT). —The ICCT. Hybrid electric vehicles can provide efficiency gains over diesel power trains at lower CO 2 abatement costs.

Diesel

Diesel CO2 Standards Emissions

Renault makes public its lifecycle study of Fluence ICE vs Fluence EV

Green Car Congress

JULY 11, 2013

Renault recently made public the findings of an internal study, published first in October 2011, detailing and comparing the lifecycle assessments (LCAs) of the battery-electric and two internal combustion engined versions (gasoline and diesel) of the Renault Fluence. Gasoline Fluence 16V. Emission standard.

Li-ion

Li-ion Gasoline-Electric Ozone Diesel

Mercedes launches new plug-in hybrid S 580 e; Gen4 hybrid system, 100 km electric range

Green Car Congress

JULY 22, 2021

This V8 gasoline engine with integrated second-generation starter-generator and 48-volt on-board electrical system is also available with both wheelbases, with prices starting at €126,366 (US$149,000). The high power density of the hybrid traction head is achieved using a permanently excited synchronous motor with internal rotor.

Plug-in

Plug-in Mercedes Hybrid Plug

Gevo enters into purchase and sale agreement for ATJ fuel with Air TOTAL International

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 14, 2019

Air TOTAL International SA and Gevo have entered into a purchase and sale agreement for sustainable aviation fuel (SAF)—specifically, Alcohol-to-Jet, ATJ—for use and distribution in France and other parts of Europe. Air TOTAL specializes in the manufacturing and marketing of jet fuel and aviation gasoline for over 60 years.

Purchase

Purchase International Fuel Minnesota

Direct injection of both fuels in RCCI may offer a way to decrease HC and CO emissions without sacrificing efficiency and NOx/PM benefits

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 25, 2012

Martin Wissink from the team presented a paper on the work at the ASME 2012 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference in Vancouver, BC, this week. CR Gasoline, in which gasoline was injected through the higher-pressure common rail injector, allowing for much later injections of large quantities of gasoline.

Emissions

Emissions Fuel Gasoline Diesel

Nissan 1.5L, 3-cylinder 400 hp engine to complement electric Le Mans ZEOD RC powerplant

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 27, 2014

liter, three-cylinder turbo gasoline engine weighing only 40 kg (88 lbs) as the companion internal combustion engine for its electric ZEOD RC which will debut at Le Mans this year. Our engine team has done a truly remarkable job with the internal combustion engine. The 400 hp DIG-T R race engine. Click to enlarge.

Nissan

Nissan Engine Downsizing Gasoline-Electric

Cool Planet projects production of carbon-negative high-octane biogasoline for $1.50 per gallon

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 28, 2012

Cool Planet Energy Systems projects that using its patented mechanical process and novel scaling approach ( earlier post ), it will be able to produce high-octane carbon-negative (with the use of its bio-char byproduct) renewable gasoline at a cost of $1.50 The control car used 100% regular gasoline. earlier post ).

Carbon

Carbon Production Gasoline-Electric Google

BMW begins road testing of i Hydrogen NEXT; small-series production model in late 2022

Green Car Congress

JUNE 19, 2021

The BMW Group is beginning to test near-standard vehicles with a hydrogen fuel cell drive train in everyday conditions on European roads. That is why road testing of near-standard vehicles with a hydrogen fuel cell drive train is an important milestone in our research and development efforts.

BMW

BMW Hydrogen Production Carbon Fiber

Studies highlight effects of different gasoline components on fuel economy, combustion and emissions

Green Car Congress

APRIL 12, 2018

Researchers at Jilin University (China) have investigated the effect of gasoline components on fuel economy, combustion and emissions in a GDI (gasoline-direct-injection) engine. So far, there are few complete comparative studies about the effect of different components of gasoline on fuel economy. The first paper (Han et al.

Fuel Economy

Fuel Economy Gasoline Economy Emissions

Toyota develops vehicle-to-home (V2H) power system; testing begins at the end of year

Green Car Congress

JUNE 4, 2012

With a fully charged battery and full tank of gasoline, a Prius PHV can supply power for average Japanese household electricity use (approximately 10 kWh) for four days—i.e., when running the engine in the Prius PHV as a generator. The devices will be installed on the PHVs used in this round of the Toyota City Project tests.

Toyota

Toyota Powered Power Prius

California ARB staff considering including alternative jet fuel in Low Carbon Fuel Standard

Green Car Congress

MARCH 17, 2017

The staff of the California Air Resources Board (ARB) staff is considering including alternative jet fuel (AJF) in the Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS). The LCFS sets annual carbon intensity standards—which reduce over time—for gasoline, diesel, and the fuels that replace them.

Standards

Standards Fuel Carbon California

New Emissions Analytics study suggests pollution from tire wear now 1,850 times worse than exhaust emissions

Green Car Congress

MAY 13, 2022

Tailpipe particles are measured, in similar real-world conditions, using a diffusion charger analyser for dynamic mass concentration and a condensing particle counter for number concentration, both coupled with a standard Portable Emissions Measurement System (PEMS) to measure total exhaust flow. x 10 11 #/km for gasoline vehicles and 0.1

Exhaust

Exhaust Emissions Pollution Legal

Winterkorn says Volkswagen developing 10-speed DCT and high-performance diesel; plug-in hybrids offer great potential

Green Car Congress

APRIL 26, 2013

At the International Vienna Motor Symposium Prof. These would range from highly efficient internal combustion engines and natural gas systems all the way to hybrids and electric vehicles. to 1.6l); the EA 888 Gen3 gasoline engines (1.8l to 1.6l); the EA 888 Gen3 gasoline engines (1.8l Source: Prof. Click to enlarge.

Plug-in

Plug-in Diesel Plug Hybrid

California senators push Biden to start phasing out gasoline vehicle sales

Green Car Reports

MARCH 22, 2021

Could the Biden Administration set a date for the retirement of internal combustion passenger vehicles? Although that’s an unlikely move, as the new administration grapples with how to restore tighter standards for gas mileage and emissions, two senators are reportedly rooting for that deadline.

Gasoline

Gasoline California Vehicles Sale

Clean-air plan for San Joaquin Valley first to meet all federal standards for fine particle pollution; $5B in incentive funding required

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 25, 2019

The California Air Resources Board (CARB) has adopted a plan that demonstrates to the US Environmental Protection Agency how the San Joaquin Valley air basin will attain each of four federal standards for fine particulate matter by regulatory deadlines. Deadlines for attaining these standards are 2020, 2024 and 2025, respectively.

Pollution

Pollution Standards Cleaning Clean

2019 Honda Insight production model to make global debut at New York International Auto Show; series hybrid with 55 mpg city

Green Car Congress

MARCH 26, 2018

The all-new, production version of the 2019 Insight ( earlier post ) will make its global production debut at the 2018 New York International Auto Show (NYIAS). Total system output is 151 horsepower and 197 lb-ft (267 N·m) of electric motor torque. Honda estimates the Insight will deliver up to 55 mpg (4.27 l/100 km) in the city.

Honda Insight

Honda Insight Insight New York Honda

2019 Prius offered with new electric all-wheel drive system

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 28, 2018

liter 4-cylinder gasoline engine and two motor/generators through an electronically controlled planetary-type continuously variable transmission (CVT). Due to ultra-low internal friction and efficient combustion, the 2ZR-FXE 1.8-liter Due to ultra-low internal friction and efficient combustion, the 2ZR-FXE 1.8-liter

Prius

Prius 2019 All-Electric Nickel Metal Hydride

ICCT study compares leading global driving cycles and provides usable conversion factors for CO2 emissions

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 8, 2014

The direct comparison of CO 2 or FC standards’ stringencies from different regions not only depends on the different driving cycles applied but also on the technical characteristics of the regional vehicle fleets. The error bars here represent the standard deviations caused by individual vehicle technology packages. Source: ICCT.

Conversion

Conversion Emissions CO2 Global

Gen 5 2019 Toyota RAV4 debuts at New York International Auto Show; 2.5L inline-4 and Toyota Hybrid System

Green Car Congress

MARCH 28, 2018

Toyota introduced the fifth-generation RAV4 at the New York International Auto Show. This all-new AWD system is one of three available on the all-new RAV4; it joins the AWD-i system available on hybrid grades and the (non-Dynamic Torque Vectoring) AWD system available on core gasoline grades. RAV4 comes standard with TSS 2.0,

New York

New York Toyota 2019 International

Bosch, Shell, and Volkswagen develop renewable gasoline with 20% lower CO2; rollout of Blue Gasoline this year

Study finds GHG emissions from corn ethanol now 46% lower than gasoline

Blue Bird working with Lightning eMotors to offer electric repower option for gasoline- and propane-powered school buses

Calls for an international 48V electrical standard for vehicles; looming WLTP implementation

Ongoing market rollout for SAE hydrogen fueling standards

Neste testing renewable gasoline in Sweden for possible commercialization internationally

BMW i Ventures invests in Prometheus Fuels; CO2 air-capture and conversion to carbon-neutral gasoline

Audi using supplementary port fuel injection to address particulates from gasoline direct injection

Achates showcases 2.7L, 3-cylinder opposed piston gasoline compression ignition engine in F-150; estimated 37 mpg combined

VW’s 1.0 TSI in the new up! GTI wins International Engine of the Year 2018 award in its category; Euro 6d-TEMP

New Volkswagen Golf GTI, GTD and GTE; gasoline, diesel and PHEV

NREL study finds high-pressure hydrogen pipeline system could potentially make hydrogen cost-competitive with gasoline

Promising Delphi 1st-gen Gasoline Direct Injection Compression Ignition engine meeting ultra fuel efficient program targets

Three sustainable marine fuels showcased at Miami International Boat Show

New Delphi Technologies 500+ bar GDi system cuts gasoline particulate emissions by up to 50%, reduces fuel consumption

Opel begins production and deliveries of hydrogen Vivaro van

Polestar releases LCA reports for long-range and standard-range single-motor versions of Polestar 2 EV

Methanol Institute releases two reports on methanol as safe, efficient and clean fuel

Study finds modern diesel cars emit fewer carbonaceous particulates than gasoline cars

Mercedes-Benz launches new S-Class with hybrid, diesel, gasoline models; 59 mpg PHEV model to come

Ricardo study finds electric and hybrid cars have a higher carbon footprint during production than conventional vehicles, but still offer a lower footprint over the full life cycle

Synhelion starts construction of DAWN demo plant to produce solar fuels

Mazda announces SKYACTIV-X: gasoline Spark Controlled Compression Ignition

PSA Peugeot Citroën and Bosch developing hydraulic hybrid powertrain for passenger cars; 30% reduction in fuel consumption in NEDC, up to 45% urban; B-segment application in 2016

Toyota introduces new 2020 Highlander and hybrid at New York International Auto Show; TNGA-K platform

ICCT: decline in diesel sales will have negligible impact on attainment of European CO2 emission standards

Renault makes public its lifecycle study of Fluence ICE vs Fluence EV

Mercedes launches new plug-in hybrid S 580 e; Gen4 hybrid system, 100 km electric range

Gevo enters into purchase and sale agreement for ATJ fuel with Air TOTAL International

Direct injection of both fuels in RCCI may offer a way to decrease HC and CO emissions without sacrificing efficiency and NOx/PM benefits

Nissan 1.5L, 3-cylinder 400 hp engine to complement electric Le Mans ZEOD RC powerplant

Cool Planet projects production of carbon-negative high-octane biogasoline for $1.50 per gallon

BMW begins road testing of i Hydrogen NEXT; small-series production model in late 2022

Studies highlight effects of different gasoline components on fuel economy, combustion and emissions

Toyota develops vehicle-to-home (V2H) power system; testing begins at the end of year

California ARB staff considering including alternative jet fuel in Low Carbon Fuel Standard

New Emissions Analytics study suggests pollution from tire wear now 1,850 times worse than exhaust emissions

Winterkorn says Volkswagen developing 10-speed DCT and high-performance diesel; plug-in hybrids offer great potential

California senators push Biden to start phasing out gasoline vehicle sales

Clean-air plan for San Joaquin Valley first to meet all federal standards for fine particle pollution; $5B in incentive funding required

2019 Honda Insight production model to make global debut at New York International Auto Show; series hybrid with 55 mpg city

2019 Prius offered with new electric all-wheel drive system

ICCT study compares leading global driving cycles and provides usable conversion factors for CO2 emissions

Gen 5 2019 Toyota RAV4 debuts at New York International Auto Show; 2.5L inline-4 and Toyota Hybrid System

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