2012, Carbon, Coal and Production

Monolith to collaborate with Goodyear on carbon black for its tire production; methane pyrolysis

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 10, 2021

Monolith , a leader in clean carbon black production, signed a collaboration agreement and letter of intent (LOI) with The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company, one of the world's largest tire companies. Monolith’s carbon black enables manufacturers such as Goodyear to meet sustainability goals and demand for clean materials.

Carbon

Carbon Nebraska Production Clean

Ganfeng Lithium’s Ma Hong Factory adding 50,000 tons of battery-grade lithium hydroxide annual production capacity; 81,000t total capacity

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 16, 2021

Ganfeng Lithium’s Ma Hong factory, founded in 2012, is located in the High-tech Development Zone of Xinyu City, Jiangxi Province. In order to ensure product quality, our materials come from Australian mines where the group holds shares or signed underwriting agreements. produced during the production process.

Production

Production Sodium Batteries Battery

China team optimizes catalytic hydrogenation process to convert coal tar to gasoline and diesel

Green Car Congress

JUNE 9, 2012

Flow diagram of coal tar hydrogenation process. Researchers in China report the production of gasoline and diesel from coal tar via an optimized catalytic hydrogenation using two serial fixed beds, the first with a hydrofining catalyst of MoNi/?-Al million tons of coal tar was further processed. Credit: ACS, Kan et al.

Coal

Coal Gasoline Diesel Hydrogen

LanzaTech joins China’s Yankuang Group on coal to fuel project

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 29, 2011

LanzaTech and Yankuang Group, one of China’s largest coal producers, will produce fuels and chemicals using LanzaTech’s biological fermentation process and synthesis gas from Yankuang’s coal gasification unit.

Coal

Coal Fuel 2012 Convert

EIA: US energy-related CO2 emissions down 1.7% in 2016; carbon intensity of economy down 3.1%; transportation emissions up

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 6, 2017

Although real gross domestic product (GDP) increased 1.5% These contributing factors included a decline in the carbon intensity of the energy supply (CO 2 /British thermal units [Btu]) of 1.7% Combining these two factors, the overall carbon intensity of the economy (CO 2 /GDP) declined by 3.1%. along with a 1.4%

2016

2016 CO2 Emissions Transportation

Comparative genome study finds ancestral fungus may have influenced end of coal formation; potential resource for biofuel production

Green Car Congress

JUNE 30, 2012

Coal deposits—the fossilized remains of plants—were formed during a 60-million year period from around 360 to 300 million years ago. Instead of accumulating as peat, which eventually was transformed into coal, the great bulk of plant biomass decayed and was released into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide.

Coal

Coal Production IDEA Carbon

IEA: carbon intensity of global energy supply has barely changed in last 20 years; “window of opportunity in transport”

Green Car Congress

APRIL 18, 2013

In a fairly bleak assessment of global progress towards low-carbon energy, the International Energy Agency (IEA) concluded that, despite a few bright spots such as the rapid expansion of renewable technologies and the growth of hybrid and EV sales, the progress is far below that required to achieve a 2 °C pathway—i.e., Source: IEA.

Carbon

Carbon Supplies Global Transportation

Updated NETL study provides more detailed economic and environmental assessment of coal-to-liquids and CTL with modest biomass

Green Car Congress

MAY 15, 2012

The National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) has released a follow-on study to its 2009 evaluation of the economic and environmental performance of Coal-to-Liquids (CTL) and CTL with modest amounts of biomass mixed in (15% by weight) for the production of zero-sulfure diesel fuel. Earlier post.).

Coal

Coal Diesel Oil Prices Water

EPA: US greenhouse gases dropped 3.4% in 2012 from 2011; down 10% from 2005 levels

Green Car Congress

APRIL 16, 2014

decrease in 2012 from 2011. Total emissions of the six main greenhouse gases in 2012 were equivalent to 6,526 million metric tons of carbon dioxide. Total emissions of the six main greenhouse gases in 2012 were equivalent to 6,526 million metric tons of carbon dioxide. from 1990 to 2012. Source: EPA.

2005

2005 2012 EPA 2011

GM reduced energy intensity and carbon intensity per vehicle in 2013

Green Car Congress

MAY 20, 2014

from 2012, down to an average 2.22 The carbon intensity (CI) per vehicle dropped to 0.87 tonnes in 2012. The carbon intensity (CI) per vehicle dropped to 0.87 tonnes in 2012. Carbon intensity per vehicle. MW in 2012, on a target of 125 MW by 2020. MW/vehicle from 2.30 GM has set a target of 1.97

2013

2013 GM Carbon Energy

DKRW Advanced Fuels signs major off-take contract for 100% of coal-derived gasoline from Medicine Bow project

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 1, 2011

The contract is one of the first major commercial agreements in the US for the sale of liquid transport fuels made from coal. The Medicine Bow project will use Carbon Basin coal optioned from DKRW partner (and coal mine operator) Arch Coal to produce refined hydrocarbon liquid products. project.

Coal

Coal Gasoline Wyoming Fuel

New inventory of black carbon emissions from China finds 2007 levels higher than previously reported

Green Car Congress

JULY 8, 2012

A new black carbon (BC) emissions inventory from China found BC emissions levels in 2007 of 1,957 Gg BC—higher than reported in earlier studies. Black carbon is released into the atmosphere via incomplete combustion of carbonaceous fuel and is of major concern because of the impact on climate systems. Credit: ACS, Wang et al.

2007

2007 Carbon China Emissions

China to be Site of First Commercial Implementation of TRIG Coal Gasifier

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 19, 2009

The contract award marks China as the site for the first worldwide commercial implementation of the TRIG technology with the goal of producing low-emission, coal-based electricity. TRIG coal gasification technology was co-developed developed by Southern Company, KBR Inc., That plant would include 65% carbon capture and sequestration.

Coal

Coal China Commercial Gas-Electric

BNEF: Oil price plunge to have only moderate impact on low-carbon electricity development, but likely to slow EV growth

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 22, 2014

The collapse in world oil prices in the second half of 2014 will have only a moderate impact on the fast-developing low-carbon transition in the world electricity system, according to research firm Bloomberg New Energy Finance. since 2007, while demand for finished petroleum products has dropped by 10.5%. on 30 June to $61.60

Oil Prices

Oil Prices Oil Price Carbon

New monitoring system identifies carbon dioxide resulting from fossil fuel burning; carbon-14 is the key

Green Car Congress

APRIL 20, 2012

The team examined six years-worth of atmospheric gas measurements of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and other gases, taken by aircraft every two weeks. One surprise in the study was that the researchers detected continued emissions from methyl chloroform and several other gases banned from production in the United States. Miller et al.

Carbon

Carbon Fuel Coal North America

BP Statistical Review finds global oil share down for 12th year in a row, coal share up to highest level since 1969; renewables at 2%

Green Car Congress

JUNE 13, 2012

seen in 2010, according to the newly released BP Statistical Review of World Energy, 2012. Oil demand grew by less than 1%—the slowest rate amongst fossil fuels—while gas grew by 2.2%, and coal was the only fossil fuel with above average annual consumption growth at 5.4% Global energy consumption grew by 2.5% Renewables.

Coal

Coal Oil Renewable Saudi Arabia

EIA: light duty vehicle energy consumption to drop 25% by 2040; increased oil production, vehicle efficiency reduce US oil and liquid imports

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 16, 2013

quadrillion Btu in 2012 to 12.1 from 2012 to 2040, compared to 1.2% The rising fuel economy of LDVs more than offsets the modest growth in VMT, resulting in a 25% decline in LDV energy consumption decline between 2012 and 2040 in the AEO2014 Reference case. l/100 km) in 2012 to 37.2 l/100 km) in 2012 to 37.2

Oil

Oil Light Energy Vehicles

Wanxiang and GreatPoint Energy close $1.25B deal for 1 Tcf/year coal-to-natural-gas plant in Xinjiang; Sinopec to purchase output, building pipeline to east

Green Car Congress

MAY 21, 2012

Overview of the Bluegas catalytic coal methanation process. GreatPoint Energy and China Wanxiang Holdings have officially closed their investment and partnership agreement which was highlighted during an official signing ceremony between senior US and Chinese government officials in 2012. Click to enlarge. pure methane).

Coal

Coal Gas Purchase Energy

Geely invests in Carbon Recycling Intl.; vehicles fueled by methanol from CO2, water and renewable energy

Green Car Congress

JULY 8, 2015

million in Carbon Recycling International (CRI). Geely Group and CRI intend to collaborate on the deployment of renewable methanol fuel production technology in China and explore the development and deployment of 100% methanol-fueled vehicles in China, Iceland and other countries. —Li Shufu, Chairman of Geely Group. Earlier post.)

Renewable

Renewable Carbon Water Fuel

EPA: US greenhouse gases up 2% in 2013; increased coal consumption, cool winter

Green Car Congress

APRIL 16, 2015

Total US greenhouse emissions were 6,673 million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent in 2013, an increase of 2% (127.9 From 2012 to 2013, CO 2 emissions from the transportation end-use sector increased by 1.0 Commercial aircraft emissions increased slightly between 2012 and 2013, but have decreased 18% since 2007.

2013

2013 EPA Coal 2004

Researchers develop microwave-driven, energy-efficient process for magnesium production

Green Car Congress

MAY 18, 2017

However, its current production through ore reduction using the conventional Pidgeon process emits large amounts of CO 2 and particulate matter (PM 2.5 ). Mtons in 2012; the Chinese produce their magnesium in batch using the Pidgeon process. US magnesium production uses an electrolytic process that requires approximately 43.6

Energy

Energy Production Coal Suzuki

U Chicago, MIT study suggests ongoing use of fossil fuels absent new carbon taxes

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 24, 2016

A paper by a team from the University of Chicago and MIT suggests that technology-driven cost reductions in fossil fuels will lead to the continued use of fossil fuels—oil, gas, and coal—unless governments pass new taxes on carbon emissions. for oil, 24% for coal, and 20% for natural gas. —Christopher Knittel.

Chicago

Chicago MIT Tax Carbon

IEA WEO-2012 finds major shift in global energy balance but not onto a more sustainable path; identifies potential for transformative shift in global energy efficiency

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 12, 2012

The global energy map is changing significantly, according to the 2012 edition of the Internal Energy Agency’s (IEA) World Energy Outlook ( WEO-2012 ). barely rises in OECD countries, although there is a pronounced shift away from oil, coal (and, in some countries, nuclear) towards natural gas and renewables. — WEO-2012.

Global

Global 2012 Energy Oil

Underground Coal Gasification Company In Partnership to Test Alkaline Fuel Cells for Power Generation

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 9, 2009

Australia-based underground coal gasification (UCG) company Linc Energy ( earlier post ) has signed an exclusive agreement with the UK-based alkaline fuel cell technology company AFC Energy Plc and its related company, B9 Coal ( earlier post ). Tags: Coal Gasification Hydrogen Production Power Generation. Once the 3.5

Coal

Coal Companies Power Powered

Study finds that dry-feed gasification for coal-to-liquids is more efficient, lower-emitting and cheaper than slurry-feed; CCS cost-effective for reduction of CO2

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 24, 2010

Comparison of coal consumption and CO 2 emissions for co-production and separate production of liquids and power. The main reason for the better performance and economics of the dry-feed [Shell] system is the larger fraction of CO and H 2 , the main reactants in a FT reaction, in the gasifier products compared to the GE system.

Coal

Coal Oil Prices CO2 Gas-Electric

EPA data shows sharp decline in 2013 methane emissions from hydraulically fractured wells: down 73% from 2011

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 1, 2014

In 2013, reported emissions from large industrial facilities were 20 million metric tons higher than the prior year, or 0.6%, driven largely by an increase in coal use for power generation. EPA said it expects to see further methane emission reductions as the agency’s 2012 standards for the oil and gas industry become fully implemented.

2013

2013 EPA 2011 Emissions

EIA: US energy-related CO2 dropped 2.7% in 2015; of end-use sectors, only transportation increased

Green Car Congress

MARCH 27, 2017

This decline occurred despite growth in real gross domestic product (GDP) of 2.6% These factors included a decline in the carbon intensity of the energy supply (CO 2 /British thermal units [Btu]) of 1.8%; and a 3.4% —“US Energy-Related Carbon Dioxide Emissions, 2015”. from 5,405 MMmt in 2014. between 2014 and 2015.

2015

2015 Transportation CO2 Energy

Kawasaki Heavy to build first ocean-going liquid hydrogen tanker with demo in 2017; H2 for transport, industry, power in Japan

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 28, 2013

KHI’s view of the timeline of the CO 2 -free hydrogen chain (from a 2012 presentation ). KHI is envisioning gasifying Australian brown coal (with carbon capture and sequestration) to produce the hydrogen, followed by liquefaction and shipment via the LH 2 tankers. Click to enlarge.

Japan

Japan Hydrogen 2017 Transportation

Worldwatch: Fossil fuel subsidies continue to outweigh those for renewable energy; international pledges on reform unfulfilled

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 22, 2012

Total subsidies for renewable energy stood at $66 billion in 2010 (a 10% increase from the year before); the total value of global fossil fuel subsidies is estimated at between $775 billion and more than $1 trillion in 2012, Two thirds of the renewable energy subsidies went to renewable electricity resources and the remaining third to biofuels.

Renewable

Renewable International Fuel Energy

International study identifies 14 key measures to reduce methane and black carbon emissions; reduction in projected global mean warming of ~0.5 °C by 2050

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 13, 2012

A study by an international team of researchers, led by Drew Shindell of NASA’s Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) in New York City, has identified 14 measures targeting methane and black carbon (BC) emissions that could reduce projected global mean warming ~0.5°C All 14 would curb the release of either black carbon or methane.

Carbon

Carbon Ozone Emissions International

Australia PM Gillard announces carbon pricing plan; transport fuels exempt, but lowered fuel tax credits to bring carbon price to some businesses

Green Car Congress

JULY 10, 2011

Australia Prime Minister Julia Gillard unveiled Australia’s carbon pricing plan—a core element in a new clean energy plan—in a short address to the nation. The Government intends to introduce legislation to underpin the carbon pricing mechanism into Parliament in the second half of 2011. Click to enlarge.

Tax Credit

Tax Credit Fuel Tax Carbon Australia

EPA annual GHG report shows emissions from power plants declined 10% from 2010 due to growing use of natural gas

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 23, 2013

Data for 2012 show that in the two years since reporting began, emissions from power plants have decreased 10%. This is due to a switch from coal to natural gas for electricity generation and a slight decrease in electricity production. Fossil-fuel fired power plants remain the largest source of US greenhouse gas emissions.

Gas

Gas EPA Emissions 2010

New high-pressure dry-solids feed pump could make high-efficiency, lower-emission gasification economically competitive

Green Car Congress

APRIL 10, 2012

In a project ( DE-FC26-04NT42237 ) funded by the US Department of Energy’s Office of Fossil Energy, Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne has developed a high-pressure dry-solids feed pump that could make gasification economically competitive by improving efficiencies and introducing low-rank Western coal as a viable feedstock option. Source: NETL.

Coal

Coal Emissions North Dakota Turkey

Global CO2 emissions stalled for the third year in a row

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 21, 2017

The report provides updated results on the continuous monitoring of the three main greenhouse gases: carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), methane (CH 4 ) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O). However, the data until 2012 shows a steady increase in global GHG emissions, with an overall increase of 91% from 1970 to 2012.

Emissions

Emissions Global CO2 India

I’ve Done The Math – Now I’m Doing Something About It

Creative Greenius

OCTOBER 18, 2013

Bill McKibben’s “Do The Math” article in 2012′s Rolling Stone magazine taught us that we cannot burn any more than 565 gigatons of carbon if we want to stay at 2° or lower. But our friends in the oil, coal and gas industry have 5,795 gigatons of carbon on the books.

Climate Change

Climate Change Climate Chevron Oil

Study concludes abundant shale gas is neither climate hero nor villain; need for targeted GHG reduction policy

Green Car Congress

MAY 15, 2014

Advances in technologies for extracting oil and gas from shale formations have dramatically increased production in the United States. Shale gas in particular has grown rapidly, from less than one percent of US production in 2000 to 34% in 2012, and projections show strong production growth continuing for the foreseeable future.

Climate

Climate Gas Coal Gas-Electric

Understanding the variability of GHG life cycle studies of oil sands production

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 6, 2012

Credit: ACS, Brandt 2012. As conventional oil production becomes constrained, transportation fuels are being produced from low-quality hydrocarbon resources, such as bitumen deposits and other unconventional fossil resources. —Brandt 2012. Thermal in situ production (e.g., —Brandt 2012. 85%); water (5?10%);

Oil-Sands

Oil-Sands Oil Production Emissions

DOE advances HECA polygeneration plant with CCS through NEPA process

Green Car Congress

JULY 10, 2012

The US Department of Energy (DOE) and the California Energy Commission (CEC) are working together to advance a coal-based polygeneration plant with carbon capture and storage (CCS) simultaneously through the federal National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) review and a complementary California Energy Quality Act process.

Coal

Coal Oil California Hydrogen

EEA report: EVs are better for climate and air quality

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 26, 2018

Promoting renewable energy and circular economy—including the shared use of vehicles and product design that supports reuse and recycling—will help maximize the benefits of shifting to electric vehicles, according to the report. —“Electric vehicles from life cycle and circular economy perspectives”.

Climate

Climate Pollution Gasoline-Electric 2017

UK launches new $1.6B commercialization program for Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) and first UK CCS Roadmap; making a play for global leadership

Green Car Congress

APRIL 3, 2012

The UK Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC) has launched a new competition for Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technology to drive down costs by supporting practical experience in the design, construction and operation of commercial scale CCS ( CCS Commercialization Programme ) with £1 billion (US$1.6

Carbon

Carbon Commercial Global Climate Change

GWU team develops cost-effective solar process to produce lime for cement without CO2 emission

Green Car Congress

APRIL 11, 2012

Conventional thermal decomposition production of lime (left) versus STEP direct solar conversion of calcium carbonate to calcium oxide (right). The majority (about 60%) of those CO 2 emissions result from the production of lime. The majority (about 60%) of those CO 2 emissions result from the production of lime.

Solar

Solar Emissions CO2 Carbon

Spatially explicit life cycle assessment of 5 sun-to-wheels pathways finds photovoltaic electricity and BEVs offer land-efficient and low-carbon transportation

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 4, 2013

The assessments include the production and use of the transportation energy (the fuel cycle) and the life cycle of the vehicle. The system boundary includes vehicle production, use, and end-of-life management, as well as fuel production and use. Inventory models for both product systems are based on Ecoinvent data and reports.

Transportation

Transportation Carbon Conversion Li-ion

Study finds 1.4 Gt discrepancy between national and provincial data sets for greenhouse gas emissions in China

Green Car Congress

JUNE 11, 2012

Other fuels include, for example, coke oven gas, other gas, other coking products, LPG, refinery gas and other petroleum products. Differences in reported coal consumption in coal washing and manufacturing are the main contributors to the discrepancy in official energy statistics, they found. Source: Guan et al.

Emissions

Emissions Gas China Climate Change

15 Air Carriers Sign Non-Binding MOUs on Synthetic Jet Fuel Purchases with Two Providers: AltAir and RenTech

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 15, 2009

The MOU with AltAir contemplates the production and purchase of up to 750 million gallons of jet fuel and diesel fuel over 10 years (75 million gallons per year) derived from camelina oil. AltAir Fuels LLC was formed in 2008 to develop projects for the production of jet fuel from renewable and sustainable oils.

Purchase

Purchase Fuel Coal Alternative Fuels

Monolith to collaborate with Goodyear on carbon black for its tire production; methane pyrolysis

Ganfeng Lithium’s Ma Hong Factory adding 50,000 tons of battery-grade lithium hydroxide annual production capacity; 81,000t total capacity

China team optimizes catalytic hydrogenation process to convert coal tar to gasoline and diesel

LanzaTech joins China’s Yankuang Group on coal to fuel project

EIA: US energy-related CO2 emissions down 1.7% in 2016; carbon intensity of economy down 3.1%; transportation emissions up

Comparative genome study finds ancestral fungus may have influenced end of coal formation; potential resource for biofuel production

IEA: carbon intensity of global energy supply has barely changed in last 20 years; “window of opportunity in transport”

Updated NETL study provides more detailed economic and environmental assessment of coal-to-liquids and CTL with modest biomass

EPA: US greenhouse gases dropped 3.4% in 2012 from 2011; down 10% from 2005 levels

GM reduced energy intensity and carbon intensity per vehicle in 2013

DKRW Advanced Fuels signs major off-take contract for 100% of coal-derived gasoline from Medicine Bow project

New inventory of black carbon emissions from China finds 2007 levels higher than previously reported

China to be Site of First Commercial Implementation of TRIG Coal Gasifier

BNEF: Oil price plunge to have only moderate impact on low-carbon electricity development, but likely to slow EV growth

New monitoring system identifies carbon dioxide resulting from fossil fuel burning; carbon-14 is the key

BP Statistical Review finds global oil share down for 12th year in a row, coal share up to highest level since 1969; renewables at 2%

EIA: light duty vehicle energy consumption to drop 25% by 2040; increased oil production, vehicle efficiency reduce US oil and liquid imports

Wanxiang and GreatPoint Energy close $1.25B deal for 1 Tcf/year coal-to-natural-gas plant in Xinjiang; Sinopec to purchase output, building pipeline to east

Geely invests in Carbon Recycling Intl.; vehicles fueled by methanol from CO2, water and renewable energy

EPA: US greenhouse gases up 2% in 2013; increased coal consumption, cool winter

Researchers develop microwave-driven, energy-efficient process for magnesium production

U Chicago, MIT study suggests ongoing use of fossil fuels absent new carbon taxes

IEA WEO-2012 finds major shift in global energy balance but not onto a more sustainable path; identifies potential for transformative shift in global energy efficiency

Underground Coal Gasification Company In Partnership to Test Alkaline Fuel Cells for Power Generation

Study finds that dry-feed gasification for coal-to-liquids is more efficient, lower-emitting and cheaper than slurry-feed; CCS cost-effective for reduction of CO2

EPA data shows sharp decline in 2013 methane emissions from hydraulically fractured wells: down 73% from 2011

EIA: US energy-related CO2 dropped 2.7% in 2015; of end-use sectors, only transportation increased

Kawasaki Heavy to build first ocean-going liquid hydrogen tanker with demo in 2017; H2 for transport, industry, power in Japan

Worldwatch: Fossil fuel subsidies continue to outweigh those for renewable energy; international pledges on reform unfulfilled

International study identifies 14 key measures to reduce methane and black carbon emissions; reduction in projected global mean warming of ~0.5 °C by 2050

Australia PM Gillard announces carbon pricing plan; transport fuels exempt, but lowered fuel tax credits to bring carbon price to some businesses

EPA annual GHG report shows emissions from power plants declined 10% from 2010 due to growing use of natural gas

New high-pressure dry-solids feed pump could make high-efficiency, lower-emission gasification economically competitive

Global CO2 emissions stalled for the third year in a row

I’ve Done The Math – Now I’m Doing Something About It

Study concludes abundant shale gas is neither climate hero nor villain; need for targeted GHG reduction policy

Understanding the variability of GHG life cycle studies of oil sands production

DOE advances HECA polygeneration plant with CCS through NEPA process

EEA report: EVs are better for climate and air quality

UK launches new $1.6B commercialization program for Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) and first UK CCS Roadmap; making a play for global leadership

GWU team develops cost-effective solar process to produce lime for cement without CO2 emission

Spatially explicit life cycle assessment of 5 sun-to-wheels pathways finds photovoltaic electricity and BEVs offer land-efficient and low-carbon transportation

Study finds 1.4 Gt discrepancy between national and provincial data sets for greenhouse gas emissions in China

15 Air Carriers Sign Non-Binding MOUs on Synthetic Jet Fuel Purchases with Two Providers: AltAir and RenTech

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