Ozone and Transportation

Study finds global emissions of several banned ozone-destroying CFCs are increasing

Green Car Congress

APRIL 10, 2023

New analysis has found increasing emissions of several ozone-depleting chemicals despite their production being banned for most uses under the Montreal Protocol—and a loophole in the rules is likely responsible. According to the researchers, emissions from these CFCs currently do not significantly threaten ozone recovery.

Ozone

Ozone Emissions Global Switzerland

Study finds COVID-19 lockdown in China brought only slight reduction in PM2.5 and ozone

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JULY 29, 2020

Large improvements of air quality in China during the lockdown have been widely reported, but new research shows that two pollutants harmful to human health—fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) and ozone—were only slightly reduced. and ozone were only slightly reduced or barely affected.

Ozone

Ozone China Pollution 2020

CARB, NOAA, NASA and San Jose State University scientists team up to study ozone transported across Pacific

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JUNE 17, 2016

As California continues to reduce local sources of ozone, ozone entering the state from the Pacific makes up a larger fraction of measured ozone levels. An ozonesonde is a balloon which measures ozone from the surface to more than 10 kilometers above the ground.

San Jose

San Jose Ozone Universal Transportation

Study finds pollution emitted near equator has biggest impact on global ozone

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NOVEMBER 9, 2016

They found that the increase in ozone burden due to the spatial distribution change slightly exceeds the combined influences of the increased emission magnitude and global methane. Based on their findings, they suggested that emission increases in Southeast, East and South Asia may be most important for the ozone change.

Ozone

Ozone Pollution Global North Carolina

Study links ambient PM2.5 and ozone specifically caused by vehicle exhaust emissions to ~361,000 premature deaths worldwide in 2010 and ~385,000 in 2015

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MARCH 1, 2019

A new study provides the most detailed picture available to date of the global, regional, and local health impacts attributable to emissions from four transportation subsectors: on-road diesel vehicles; other on-road vehicles; shipping; and non-road mobile engines such as agricultural and construction equipment. Source: The ICCT.

Ozone

Ozone 2015 2010 Exhaust

CSIRO study finds ozone uptake in oceans much lower than previously thought

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JULY 31, 2019

CSIRO scientists have developed a new way to account for ozone in computer simulations of the climate. This latest modeling shows that the oceans take much less ozone out of the atmosphere than previously thought. Ozone (O 3 ) is formed by reactions of chemicals such as nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds—i.e.,

Ozone

Ozone Climate Global Water

Satellite method provides insight into ozone-NOx-VOCs sensitivity for different locations

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NOVEMBER 7, 2017

Ozone pollution near Earth’s surface is one of the main ingredients of summertime smog. It is also not directly measurable from space due to the abundance of ozone higher in the atmosphere, which obscures measurements of surface ozone. —Jin et al.

Ozone

Ozone Insight Netherlands North America

Duke/York study finds long-term exposure to ozone has significant impacts on human health, but lower than prior modeling results

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OCTOBER 12, 2018

A team from Duke University in the US and University of York in the UK have utilized a novel method to estimate long-term ozone exposure and previously reported epidemiological results to quantify the health burden from long-term ozone exposure in three major regions of the world. —Karl Seltzer. Karl M Seltzer et al.

Ozone

Ozone 2015 United States Europe

EPA proposes tightening primary ozone standards to range of 65-70 ppb; final rule by October 2015

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 26, 2014

Counties where measured ozone is above proposed range of standards, based on 2011-2013 monitoring data. Earlier this year, EPA staff had recommended the further reduction of this primary ozone standard from the current 75 ppb (parts per billion) to a revised level within the range of 70 ppb to 60 ppb—and preferably below 70 ppb.

Ozone

Ozone EPA Standards 2015

Study quantifies impact of oil and gas emissions on Denver’s ozone problem

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AUGUST 12, 2016

The first peer-reviewed study to directly quantify how emissions from oil and natural gas (O&NG) activities influence summertime tropospheric ozone (O 3 ) pollution in the Colorado Front Range confirms that chemical vapors from oil and gas activities are a significant contributor to the region’s chronic ozone problem.

Ozone

Ozone Oil Gas Emissions

Study finds São Paulo switch from ethanol to gasoline dropped local ozone levels by 20%, increased CO and nitric oxide concentrations

Green Car Congress

APRIL 29, 2014

A study by a pair of researchers at Northwestern University found that when fuel prices drove residents of São Paulo, Brazil, to switch from ethanol to gasoline in their flexible-fuel vehicles, local ozone levels dropped 20%. Ozone levels are relatively high in São Paulo, with hourly concentrations above 75 and 125 µg m ?3

Ozone

Ozone Gasoline Pollution Gasoline-Electric

Study: surface ozone in India in 2005 damaged 6M tonnes of crops, enough to feed 94M people in poverty

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SEPTEMBER 4, 2014

Ozone, the main component of smog, is a plant-damaging pollutant formed by emissions from vehicles, cooking stoves and other sources. New research shows that ozone pollution damaged millions of tons of wheat, rice, soybean and cotton crops in India in 2005. Surface ozone pollution in India damaged 6 million metric tons (6.7

Ozone

Ozone 2005 India Pollution

Hyundai Motor puts XCIENT Fuel Cell electric trucks into commercial fleet operation in California with $3.5M from EPA

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SEPTEMBER 15, 2022

EPA’s TAG program aims to reduce air pollution in areas of the nation with the highest levels of ambient ozone and fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) pollution. Last year, Hyundai Motor also announced its NorCal Zero project, also known as Zero-Emission Regional Truck Operations with Fuel Cell Electric Trucks. Earlier post.)

Hyundai

Hyundai EPA California Commercial

Study finds rising temperatures increase risk of unhealthy ozone levels absent sharp cuts in precursors

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MAY 5, 2014

Ozone pollution across the continental United States will become far more difficult to keep in check as temperatures rise, according to new work led by the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). Ozone formation. Even short periods of unhealthy ozone levels can cause local death rates to rise. Scenario A2 and RCP 8.5.

Ozone

Ozone Climate Change Pollution Climate

Rice/EPA study finds ground-level ozone falling faster than CMAQ model predicted

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MARCH 11, 2013

Researchers from Rice University and the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) report in a paper in the journal Atmospheric Chemistry that particularly in Northeastern cities, ozone levels dropped even beyond what was anticipated by cutting emissions of NO x from 2002 to 2006. —Daniel Cohan, co-author. Earlier post.).

Ozone

Ozone EPA 2002 2006

Study: consumer products overtake transportation as largest source of VOCs air pollution in cities

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FEBRUARY 16, 2018

The results, published in an open-access paper in the journal Science , suggest that the focus of efforts to mitigate ozone formation and toxic chemical burdens need to be adjusted, the authors suggested. Even so, lotions, paints and other products contribute about as much to air pollution as does the transportation sector.

Pollution

Pollution Transportation Production Los Angeles

California 2017 GHG inventory shows 1.2% total drop from 2016; transportation sector emissions up 1%

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 14, 2019

The transportation sector remains the largest source of GHG emissions in the state, and saw a 1% increase in emissions in 2017. Transportation sector emission sources include combustion of fuels utilized in-state that are used by on-road and off-road vehicles, aviation, rail, and water-borne vehicles, as well as a few other smaller sources.

2017

2017 2016 Transportation Emissions

Oregon EQC approves Clean Trucks Rule

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 18, 2021

Together, the rules will not only ensure new diesel trucks are as clean as possible, they also put Oregon on a path towards a zero-carbon transportation future. In Oregon, heavy-duty trucks and buses are responsible for nearly 23% of total transportation sector greenhouse gas emissions.

Oregon

Oregon Clean Cleaning Ozone

EPA Climate Change Adaptation Plan sees likely increase in tropospheric ozone, with more difficulty in attaining NAAQS in many areas

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 10, 2013

Among the many climate-related vulnerabilities that can impact its mission, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) cites a likely increase in tropospheric ozone pollution as potentially making it more difficult to attain National Ambient Air Quality Standards ( NAAQS ) in many areas with existing ozone problems.

Climate Change

Climate Change Ozone Climate EPA

Study Links Springtime Ozone Increases Above Western North America to Emissions in Asia

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JANUARY 21, 2010

Springtime ozone distributions for 1984, 1995–2008 in the mid-troposphere (3.0–8.0 Springtime ozone levels above western North America are rising primarily due to air flowing eastward from the Pacific Ocean, a trend that is largest when the air originates in Asia. The US EPA recently proposed new tougher ground-level ozone standards.

North America

North America Ozone Asia America

Fraunhofer IFF team designing hydrogen factory of the future

Green Car Congress

APRIL 11, 2020

Researchers at the Fraunhofer IFF in Germany are designing the distributed and modular production and distribution of green hydrogen for industry, business and transportation throughout the value chain—a hydrogen factory of the future. Another use scenario envisions using the oxygen in agriculture to desulfurize biogas plants.

Hydrogen

Hydrogen Future Design Ozone

UCI-led study finds California’s strict air quality regulations have helped farmers

Green Car Congress

MARCH 17, 2020

They found that reductions in ground ozone during this 35-year period resulted in $600 million in increased production annually by the early 2010s. Another difference is that some grains can be annually modified to withstand greater heat and even higher ozone levels in the air. An open-access paper on the work appears in Nature Food.

Ozone

Ozone Davis San Diego Pollution

UK researchers report that alcohols in windshield washer fluid are major unreported source of VOCs emissions from cars, including EVs

Green Car Congress

JUNE 8, 2023

There are widespread policy assumptions that the phase-out of gasoline and diesel internal combustion engines will over time lead to much reduced emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) from road transport and related fuels. While some VOCs are released in exhaust, others may arise from an unexpected source—e.g., Lewis, Marvin D.

Emissions

Emissions Exhaust Cars Ozone

Fast action on black carbon, ozone and methane could help limit global temperature rise to 2 degrees C

Green Car Congress

JUNE 15, 2011

Fast action on pollutants such as black carbon, ground-level ozone and methane may help limit near term global temperature rise and significantly increase the chances of keeping temperature rise below 2 °C (3.6 °F)—and Extraction and transport of fossil fuel. for 2030 and beyond. Source: UNEP. Click to enlarge.

Ozone

Ozone Carbon Climate Change Global

UNEP study: small number of measures targeting black carbon and tropospheric ozone could yield immediate climate benefits

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FEBRUARY 22, 2011

Black carbon and tropospheric ozone are harmful air pollutants that also contribute to climate change. Reducing black carbon and tropospheric ozone now will slow the rate of climate change within the first half of this century, the study said.

Ozone

Ozone Climate Carbon Climate Change

Reducing Black Carbon Emissions and Ground-Level Ozone Would Provide Immediate Benefit Against Climate Change

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AUGUST 21, 2009

Reducing emissions of black carbon soot and ground-level ozone would quickly make a considerable dent in the climate change problem and would also contribute to public health and protect crop yields, according to an essay in the September/October issue of Foreign Affairs. Besides a danger to breathe, ozone lowers crop yields.

Climate Change

Climate Change Ozone Climate Carbon

Researchers fully characterize reaction that affects ground-level ozone formation; a small but significant impact on predictive models

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 28, 2010

The two combine in the atmosphere to make either nitric acid or peroxynitrous acid; the so-called branching ratio of these two chemicals is important in models of ozone production. This means less of the hydroxyl radical and nitrogen dioxide go away, leading to proportionately more ozone, mostly in polluted areas, Okumura said.

Ozone

Ozone Los Angeles Pollution California

World Bank to focus on reducing short-lived climate pollutants; transport projects

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 4, 2013

A new report prepared by the World Bank at the request of the G8 identifies ways that the World Bank can do more through its projects to reduce the emission of short-lived climate pollutants (SLCPs): black carbon, methane, tropospheric ozone, and fluorinated gases known as HFCs. Transportation projects. degrees Celsius.

Pollution

Pollution Climate Transportation Climate Change

Study Concludes Warming Climate Will Increase Ozone Levels in Major California Air Basins; Climate Change and Regional Air Quality Are Intertwined Problems

Green Car Congress

JULY 22, 2010

Illustration of projected ozone changes in the South Coast region due to climate change in 2050. Areas in orange and red could see ozone concentrations elevated by 9 to 18 parts per billion. Click to enlarge. These narrow-focused models utilize high-resolution information about the geography, meteorology and emissions of these areas.

Climate Change

Climate Change Ozone Climate California

UN report projects that increasing use of HFCs likely to have a significant climate impact by 2050; equivalent to current total annual emissions from transport

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 21, 2011

The decrease in CO 2 equivalent emissions of ODSs (ozone-depleting substances: CFCs, halons, HCFCs, and others) may be offset by the projected increase in their non-ozone depleting substitutes (HFCs) (lines designated as HFC scenarios). Climate and the Ozone Layer. Source: UNEP. Click to enlarge.

Climate

Climate Ozone Emissions Transportation

EPA finalizes Cross-State Air Pollution Rule (Transport Rule)

Green Car Congress

JULY 7, 2011

Transport Rule states. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has finalized the new Cross-State Air Pollution Rule (CSAPR) (also called the Transport Rule). reductions; annual NO x reductions; and ozone-season NO x. Ozone Season NO x Power Plant Emissions. Source: EPA. Click to enlarge. Upwind and downwind linkages.

Pollution

Pollution EPA Transportation Ozone

Study: 2/3 of aviation climate impact due to emissions other than CO2

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 6, 2020

Net warming from NO x emissions is a sum over warming (short-term ozone increase) and cooling (decreases in methane and stratospheric water vapor, and a long-term decrease in ozone) terms. These contributions involve a large number of chemical, microphysical, transport and, radiative processes in the global atmosphere.

Climate

Climate Emissions CO2 Climate Change

WHO issues new, lower Global Air Quality Guidelines for classical pollutants

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 25, 2021

When action is taken on these classical pollutants—particulate matter (PM), ozone (O?), PM is primarily generated by fuel combustion in different sectors, including transport, energy, households, industry, and from agriculture. and PM 10 ), ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide. nitrogen dioxide (NO?)

Pollution

Pollution Global 2005 Ozone

DOE to award up to $10M to promote zero emission cargo transport (ZECT) vehicles

Green Car Congress

MARCH 21, 2012

Energy Secretary Steven Chu announced up to $10 million is available ( DE-FOA-0000669 ) this year to demonstrate and deploy electric transportation technologies for cargo vehicles, such as trucks, locomotives and forklifts. systems in roadbeds or rail lines that propel trucks or trains.

Transportation

Transportation Emissions Vehicles Ozone

MIT study: half of US deaths related to air pollution are linked to out-of-state emissions

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 15, 2020

To make further progress, we should start focusing on road transportation and commercial and residential emissions. They then used the GEOS-Chem atmospheric chemistry transport model to track where these emissions ended up, from season to season and year to year, based on wind patterns and a pollutant’s chemical reactions to the atmosphere.

MIT

MIT Pollution Emissions 2005

EPA Proposes Transport Rule to Cut Pollution from Power Plants in 31 States and DC; New Approach for Pollution Reduction

Green Car Congress

JULY 6, 2010

States covered by the proposed Transport Rule. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is proposing regulations employing the “good neighbor” provision of the Clean Air Act to reduce interstate transport of upwind state emissions from power generation that contribute to air quality problems in downwind states. Click to enlarge.

Pollution

Pollution EPA Transportation DC

Northwestern/Princeton study explores air quality impacts of aggressive conversion to EVs

Green Car Congress

APRIL 15, 2019

This despite evidence that suggests air pollution impacts from the transportation sector exceed those from greenhouse gases. … Thus to fully account for the complexity of changes to air pollution chemistry, emission changes should be used to drive a chemical transport model (CTM). —Schnell et al. Seasons and times of day.

Conversion

Conversion Jordan Ozone Coal

MIT study says combustion emissions cause ~200,000 premature deaths/year in US; vehicles and power generation top sources

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 29, 2013

Annual average concentrations of fine particulates from US sources of combustion emissions from (a) electric power generation; (b) industry; (c) commercial and residential sources; (d) road transportation; (e) marine transportation; (f) rail transportation; (g) sum of all combustion sources; (h) all sources. Source: MIT.

MIT

MIT Emissions Ozone Power

San José International deploys 10 Proterra electric buses in airport fleet

Green Car Congress

MAY 7, 2019

Mineta San José International Airport’s (SJC) has deployed a fleet of 10 Proterra battery-electric buses that will transport passengers and their luggage between SJC’s parking lots, rental car center, and terminals. The electric bus fleet is anticipated to reduce ozone emissions by 1.1

Fleet

Fleet International Indianapolis Sacramento

EPA proposes to include Southern Maine in the Federal Reformulated Gasoline Program

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 22, 2014

The purpose of the federal RFG program is to improve air quality in certain areas through the use of gasoline that is reformulated to reduce motor vehicle emissions that lead to the formation of ground-level ozone. States which are designated by EPA as part of the Ozone Transport Region, such as Maine, can “opt-in” to the program.

EPA

EPA Gasoline Ozone District of Columbia

EPA issues ANPR on Clean Trucks Initiative, seeking input from public and stakeholders

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 7, 2020

However, 100 million people live in areas of nonattainment for ozone and particulate matter (PM), and according to EPA estimates, heavy-duty vehicles will continue to be one of the largest contributors to NO x emissions—a precursor of ozone and PM formation—from the transportation sector in 2025.

EPA

EPA Ozone Clean Cleaning

USDOT FTA announces $182M in Low-No grants for transit vehicles & facilities nationwide

Green Car Congress

JUNE 29, 2021

The Regional Transportation Commission (RTC) of Washoe County in Washoe County, NV, will receive nearly $6.5 The project also supports RTC’s efforts to transition its aging diesel bus fleet to zero emission vehicles to reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions in an area where ozone levels currently exceed air quality targets.

Grant

Grant Kansas City Vehicles Chicago

Study: curbing diesel emissions could reduce mortality rates in big cities

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 1, 2019

Freight transportation is a pillar of the US national economy, but while long-haul trucks account for less than 6% of the vehicle miles traveled over US highways, they account for about 40% of the emissions of air polluting particulate matter and about 55% of nitrogen oxides, the precursor to ozone in the atmosphere, the study said.

Emissions

Emissions Diesel Ozone United States

Latest GHG Inventory shows California remains below 2020 emissions target; much steeper rate of GHG reductions required

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 23, 2020

The data shows a slight increase in overall emissions from the previous year, and a slight decline in emissions from transportation, which is the state’s main source of both GHGs and air pollutants. Transportation emissions declined 1.5 Source: California Air Resources Board (ARB). Total statewide 2018 GHG emissions were 425.3

2020

2020 California Emissions 2018

Study finds global emissions of several banned ozone-destroying CFCs are increasing

Study finds COVID-19 lockdown in China brought only slight reduction in PM2.5 and ozone

CARB, NOAA, NASA and San Jose State University scientists team up to study ozone transported across Pacific

Study finds pollution emitted near equator has biggest impact on global ozone

Study links ambient PM2.5 and ozone specifically caused by vehicle exhaust emissions to ~361,000 premature deaths worldwide in 2010 and ~385,000 in 2015

CSIRO study finds ozone uptake in oceans much lower than previously thought

Satellite method provides insight into ozone-NOx-VOCs sensitivity for different locations

Duke/York study finds long-term exposure to ozone has significant impacts on human health, but lower than prior modeling results

EPA proposes tightening primary ozone standards to range of 65-70 ppb; final rule by October 2015

Study quantifies impact of oil and gas emissions on Denver’s ozone problem

Study finds São Paulo switch from ethanol to gasoline dropped local ozone levels by 20%, increased CO and nitric oxide concentrations

Study: surface ozone in India in 2005 damaged 6M tonnes of crops, enough to feed 94M people in poverty

Hyundai Motor puts XCIENT Fuel Cell electric trucks into commercial fleet operation in California with $3.5M from EPA

Study finds rising temperatures increase risk of unhealthy ozone levels absent sharp cuts in precursors

Rice/EPA study finds ground-level ozone falling faster than CMAQ model predicted

Study: consumer products overtake transportation as largest source of VOCs air pollution in cities

California 2017 GHG inventory shows 1.2% total drop from 2016; transportation sector emissions up 1%

Oregon EQC approves Clean Trucks Rule

EPA Climate Change Adaptation Plan sees likely increase in tropospheric ozone, with more difficulty in attaining NAAQS in many areas

Study Links Springtime Ozone Increases Above Western North America to Emissions in Asia

Fraunhofer IFF team designing hydrogen factory of the future

UCI-led study finds California’s strict air quality regulations have helped farmers

UK researchers report that alcohols in windshield washer fluid are major unreported source of VOCs emissions from cars, including EVs

Fast action on black carbon, ozone and methane could help limit global temperature rise to 2 degrees C

UNEP study: small number of measures targeting black carbon and tropospheric ozone could yield immediate climate benefits

Reducing Black Carbon Emissions and Ground-Level Ozone Would Provide Immediate Benefit Against Climate Change

Researchers fully characterize reaction that affects ground-level ozone formation; a small but significant impact on predictive models

World Bank to focus on reducing short-lived climate pollutants; transport projects

Study Concludes Warming Climate Will Increase Ozone Levels in Major California Air Basins; Climate Change and Regional Air Quality Are Intertwined Problems

UN report projects that increasing use of HFCs likely to have a significant climate impact by 2050; equivalent to current total annual emissions from transport

EPA finalizes Cross-State Air Pollution Rule (Transport Rule)

Study: 2/3 of aviation climate impact due to emissions other than CO2

WHO issues new, lower Global Air Quality Guidelines for classical pollutants

DOE to award up to $10M to promote zero emission cargo transport (ZECT) vehicles

MIT study: half of US deaths related to air pollution are linked to out-of-state emissions

EPA Proposes Transport Rule to Cut Pollution from Power Plants in 31 States and DC; New Approach for Pollution Reduction

Northwestern/Princeton study explores air quality impacts of aggressive conversion to EVs

MIT study says combustion emissions cause ~200,000 premature deaths/year in US; vehicles and power generation top sources

San José International deploys 10 Proterra electric buses in airport fleet

EPA proposes to include Southern Maine in the Federal Reformulated Gasoline Program

EPA issues ANPR on Clean Trucks Initiative, seeking input from public and stakeholders

USDOT FTA announces $182M in Low-No grants for transit vehicles & facilities nationwide

Study: curbing diesel emissions could reduce mortality rates in big cities

Latest GHG Inventory shows California remains below 2020 emissions target; much steeper rate of GHG reductions required

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