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Scientists from Stanford University, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and the Technical University of Denmark have identified a new nickel-gallium catalyst that converts hydrogen and carbon dioxide into methanol at ambient pressure and with fewer side-products than the conventional catalyst. You want to make methanol, not carbon monoxide.
Calysta says that in contrast to current algae- and sugar-based methods, a methane-based biofuel platform is expected to produce fuel at less than half the cost of other biological methods, allowing direct competition with petroleum-based fuels. Comparison of biofuel platform efficiency (source: Calysta Energy). Carbon feedstock.
Scientists at the University of Delaware are developing a new low-cost material for hydrogen storage—carbonized chicken feathers (CCFF)—that they say could meet the DOE requirements for hydrogen storage and are competitive with carbon nanotubes and metal hydrates at a tiny fraction of their cost.
Direct Removal of Carbon Dioxide from Oceanwater (DOC); $2.0 Direct Removal of Carbon Dioxide from Ambient Air (DAC); $2.0 In comparison to removal of CO 2 from point sources, DAC has the advantage of being location-independent. Mining Incinerated Disposal Ash Streams (MIDAS); $4.04 million; 1-5 awards. Waste into X (WiX); $5.0
The UK’s Carbon Trust recently awarded £1.95 million) to two UK fuel cell companies—ACAL Energy and ITM Power—to help deliver a step change reduction in the cost of the technology to about $35/kW. Significant additional technological breakthroughs are needed to achieve this target of a 30% cost reduction.
A team at Imperial College London has examined the relative costs of carbon mitigation from a lifecycle perspective for 12 different hydrogen production techniques using fossil fuels, nuclear energy and renewable sources. Their results show a trade-off between the cost of mitigation and the proportion of decarbonization achieved.
Ranges of automotive fuel cell system costs at mass manufactured volume using technology from three UK companies supported by the Carbon Trust. Source: Carbon Trust. Cost savings can be achieved by reducing material costs (notably platinum use), increasing power density, reducing system complexity and improving durability.
Through the nearby 300 MW solar park of Kassø, developed by European Energy, the project will have access to the low-cost renewable electricity needed to produce cost-effective e-Fuel. For comparison: This is more than five times the total electricity consumption of Germany.
GMP40 (60:40 weight ratio of mixed mesophase pitch carbon and phenolic resin) produced the best results. However, carbon remains the predominant commercial anode material solution at this point. Some studies have demonstrated that carbon coating of graphite improves the anode performance in LIBs. Credit: ACS, Lin et al.
Electrochemical performance of the modified hollow carbon nanofiber cathode. (a) b) Comparison of cycling performance at C/2 with and without the PVP modification. Lithium sulfur batteries are of great interest due to their high specific energy and relatively lowcost (e.g., Credit: ACS, Zheng et al. Click to enlarge.
A carbon nanotube (CNT)-Si composite anode with extremely stable long-term cycling provides a discharge capacity of 2364 mAh g -1 at a tap density of 1.1 Comparison of the CNT-Si/TSFCG against the currently developed LIBs. A report on their work is published in the RSC journal Energy & Environmental Science. O 2 , Li[Ni 0.85
Researchers from UNSW Sydney (Australia) report in an open-access paper in the Journal of Power Sources on the use of hard carbons derived from automotive shredder residue (ASR) as a suitable anode electroactive material for sodium-ion batteries (NIBs). The situation is much worse for graphite. —Sarkar et al.
The magnesium alloy becomes stronger than aluminum alloy after a heat treatment, uses only common metals, and could be a low-cost, lightweight sheet metal for automotive applications. Comparison of newly developed and conventional magnesium alloy sheets after they were subjected to Erichsen tests. —Bian et al. Resources.
Cost reduction potential of a polymer fuel cell system using an ITM Power membrane. Source: Carbon Trust. Click to enlarge. US Department of Energy (DOE) is targeting $30/kW. Source: US DOE. Click to enlarge.
Peabody Energy and GreatPoint Energy signed an agreement to pursue development of coal-to-gas and coal-to-hydrogen projects in the United States and around the world with carbon capture and storage (CCS) that would achieve near-zero carbon emissions, while increasing the production of stranded oil via enhanced oil recovery.
A gas diffusion layer without any catalysts was used as the baseline air electrode for comparison. Inspired by the tetrapod structures of a breakwater, the novel material for electrodes is created from affordable melamine foam and carbon black. They carbonized this product and extracted it with sulfuric acid. Source: Lee et al.
The total-cost-of-ownership comparison is based on life cycle cost of a 50-kilowatt fuel cell stack operating for 50,000 hours with a single refurbishment.). Ballard will continue to support the Company’s existing customers where current generation FCvelocity-9SSL fuel cell stack technology is used.
published in the ACS journal Chemical Reviews , reviews in detail four stationary storage systems considered the most promising candidates for electrochemical energy storage: vanadium redox flow; sodium-beta alumina membrane; lithium-ion; and lead-carbon batteries. Lead-carbon battery. In their study, Yang et al. —Yang et al.
Stanford University scientists have created a new ultrahigh surface area three-dimensional porous graphitic carbon material that significantly boosts the performance of energy-storage technologies. The maximum surface area achieved with conventional activated carbon is about 3,000 m 2 g –1. cm –3 ), and hierarchical pore architecture.
b) Variation in discharge capacity vs cycle number for MnO 2 /CNT nanotubes, MnO 2 nanotubes, and carbon nanotubes. Researchers at Rice University have fabricated hybrid coaxial metal-oxide/carbon nanotube arrays as cathode material for high performance lithium-ion batteries. V vs Li/Li +. (b) Credit: ACS. Click to enlarge.
Researchers at Wakayama University in Japan have produced a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide gas by irradiating a mixture of carbon powder and distilled water with intense nanosecond laser pulses at room temperature. The carbon or charcoal powders were dispersed in distilled water at a ratio of 25.8 —Akimoto et al.
Lithium-sulfur batteries are of great interest for electromobility applications, among others, due to their high specific energy and relatively lowcost, but are challenged by significant capacity decay over cycling. The anode of the team’s prototype is made from a silicon-carbon compound rather than the more common metallic lithium.
Their approach, described in a paper published in the Journal of the American Chemical Society , creates composites based on lithium sulfide uniformly dispersed in a carbon host, which serve to sequester polysulfides. Earlier post.) —Guo et al. polyacrylonitrile), to control the distribution of lithium sulfide in the host material.
This project explores the use of specially designed nanostructured polymers to make high-energy, low-cost, flexible and stretchable batteries. Hybrid Materials for Reversible Capture of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide. Principal Investigator (PI): Zhenan Bao, chemical engineering. PI: Hemamala Karunadasa, chemistry.
Low-cost electricity is the single most important factor for the production of all zero carbon energies and globally, there are significant unused and non-commercial renewable resources which can be developed by the P2XFloater. The renewable source can be either hydro power, sun or wind- or a combination of these.
In particular, the study led by Drew Shindell found that methane emissions have a larger warming impact due to those interactions than accounted for in current carbon-trading schemes or in the Kyoto Protocol. Because the latter was a $126 billion/year market in 2008, even small differences in GWPs can have large economic consequences.
Comparison of the discharge capacity and coulombic efficiency of MPSPs/PPAN anodes at various ratios versus cycle number. This performance combined with lowcost processing yields a competitive anode material that will have an immediate and direct application in lithium ion batteries, according to the research team.
For comparison, activated carbon control has also been plotted. Although activated carbon lies well within the Li-ion battery region for lower C rates (1 C), its performance drastically reduces at higher power rates. Ragone plot showing the energy density and power density of photothermally reduced graphene. Click to enlarge.
To prepare their batteries, the researchers used carbon nanotube (CNT) coated papers as the current collectors and deposited conventional active material layers (Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 and LiCoO 2 ) on top of them. Comparison of areal discharge capacities for planar, 1-fold, 2-fold, and 3-fold batteries. —Cheng et al. Click to enlarge.
Each point of efficiency increase translates to major savings in fuel costs for each megawatt of power produced. (As As a point of comparison, the Siemens SGT6-5000F gas turbine for 60 Hz power plants offers a power output of 208 MW and efficiency of 38.590% in single cycle operation.). in simple cycle operation, and to 57.5%
In a paper in the Journal ChemSusChem they report that using a novel gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) enables stable performance close to the theoretical capacity (1675 mAh g -1 ) of a lowcost sulfur-carbon composite with high active material loading, i.e. 70% S. Agostini et al. Click to enlarge.
All will have zero NO x /PM emissions with carbon-neutral emissions by consuming an RNG/CNG mixture. OptiFuel has already developed and tested a high volume CNG/RNG refueling system at the Indiana Harbor Belt CNG locomotive program, utilizing low-cost CNG. g/bhp-hr of NOx, a reduction of 400 times. g/bhp-hr of PM.
Researchers from Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), and Brookhaven National Laboratory have discovered a new family of non-precious metal catalysts based on ordered mesoporous porphyrinic carbons (M-OMPC) with high surface areas and tunable pore structures. Cheon et al.
They suggest that a lowcost, non-flammable and heavy-metal-free aqueous cathode can contribute to the feasibility of scale-up of lithium-iodine batteries for practical energy storage. Li metal with 1 M of LiPF 6 in ethylene carbonate (EC)/dimethyl carbonate (DMC) electrolyte was used for the anode. kWh kg -1 cell (1.0
The data for 10 nm Sn (tin) NCs are shown for comparison. One molar LiPF6 in ethylene carbonate/dimethyl carbonate mixture containing 3 wt % of FEC was used as electrolyte for Li-ion cells, whereas 1 M NaClO 4 in propylene carbonate containing 10 wt % of FEC was used for Na-ion batteries. 20C (1C = 0.66 V potential range.
In comparison, traditional yeast fermentation creates one molecule of CO 2 for every molecule of ethanol. Thus the carbon efficiency of the ZeaChem fermentation process is nearly 100% vs. 67% for yeast. At the N th plant, says CEO Jim Imbler, the process cost will be less than $1.00 ZeaChem Carbon Chain Product Groups.
In particular, silicon nanowires (SiNW) are widely studied as a promising anode material for high-capacity LIBs due to its lowcost of fabrication and volume production potential. A conventional battery pack using graphite anode with the same capacity was the a basis for comparison of the life cycle impact results.
Both reports also emphasized that although natural gas is the lowest carbon fossil fuel, it is still a fossil fuel. ” The MIT report said that natural gas should be seen as a “ bridge ” to a low-carbon regime, rather than as the ultimate long-term solution itself.
This subtopic seeks research and development projects on novel lubricant formulations expected to improve the efficiency of advanced combustion regime engines by at least 10% (improvement based on comparison to similarly configured 2002 or later commercially available combustion engine). Subtopics include: Low-Cost Development of Magnesium.
Furthermore, QinetiQ estimates that significant cost savings are possible in comparison with current commercial production Li-Ion chemistries through cheaper raw materials and a more energy-efficient patented manufacturing process.
By comparison, syngas resulting from conventional gasification cannot be converted to pipeline quality natural gas without further processing. GreatPoint says that its system produces natural gas at the lowest cost in the industry and that its water consumption is half of that of competing gasification systems. pure methane).
The MOF-based device shows an areal capacitance that exceeds those of most carbon-based materials and capacity retention greater than 90% over 10,000 cycles, in line with commercial devices. One class of materials that far surpasses even the porosity of activated carbons is metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). —Sheberla et al.
DOE’s Office of Fossil Energy is seeking these projects as part of the Department’s Carbon Storage program, which has the goal of developing and advancing technologies to improve the effectiveness of carbon storage, reduce the cost of implementation, and be ready for widespread commercial deployment in the 2025–2035 timeframe.
Stuart Licht ( earlier post ) have developed a new process that transforms CO 2 into a controlled selection of nanotubes (CNTs) via molten electrolysis; they call the process C2CNT (CO2 into carbon nanotubes). This synthesis consumes only CO 2 and electricity, and is constrained only by the cost of electricity. —Ren et al.
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