Green Car Congress

JULY 11, 2011

The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is issuing a proposed rule under the Clean Air Act (CAA) that would waive requirements beginning in 2013 for systems used at gas station pumps to capture potentially harmful gasoline vapors while refueling cars. Source: EPA. Click to enlarge. Most VRS are vacuum assist, according to EPA.

EPA 186

EPA Gasoline 2013 Ozone 186

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 22, 2014

The purpose of the federal RFG program is to improve air quality in certain areas through the use of gasoline that is reformulated to reduce motor vehicle emissions that lead to the formation of ground-level ozone. States which are designated by EPA as part of the Ozone Transport Region, such as Maine, can “opt-in” to the program.

EPA 239

EPA Gasoline Ozone District of Columbia 239

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 23, 2012

The California Air Resources Board (ARB) has issued its official Auction Notice for the California Cap-and-Trade Program Greenhouse Gas Allowance Auction on 19 February 2013—the second official auction. The February 2013 allowance auction will. The February 2013 auction will be conducted using an electronic, internet-based.

California 236

California Ozone 2013 Carbon 236

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 30, 2013

One of the more lasting contributions we can make in our community is to protect the environment by reducing ozone-forming emissions wherever possible. Approximately 50% of all Republic vehicles purchased in 2013 are powered by gas. Continuing its string of local deployments ( earlier post ) Republic Services, Inc.

Philadelphia 199

Philadelphia Waste Ozone New Jersey 199

Green Car Congress

JUNE 27, 2014

After ten years in orbit, the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) on NASA’s Aura satellite has been in orbit sufficiently long to show that people in major US cities are breathing less nitrogen dioxide. New NASA satellite images released this week demonstrate the reduction of air pollution across the US.

Ozone 210

Ozone Maryland Pollution 2005 210

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 17, 2013

Between 2009 and 2011, up to 96% of city dwellers were exposed to fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) concentrations above WHO guidelines and up to 98% were exposed to ozone (O 3 ) levels above WHO guidelines. Source: Air Quality in Europe 2013 Report. —“Air Quality in Europe 2013 Report”. Click to enlarge.

Pollution 223

Pollution 2002 Ozone 2011 223

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 25, 2011

The California Air Resources Board (ARB) is soliciting research suggestions for the Fiscal Year 2012-2013 Annual Research Plan in the form of brief conceptual descriptions that address specified research gaps and support the Board’s ongoing regulatory and policy priorities. The deadline to submit research concepts is 31 January 2012.

Pollution 231

Pollution 2012 California 2013 231

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 14, 2020

HFCs are synthetic gases that are used in a variety of applications, but mainly to replace ozone-depleting substances in aerosols, foams, refrigeration and air-conditioning. California is required to reduce HFC emissions 40% below 2013 levels by 2030 under Senate Bill 1383.

Pollution 281

Pollution California Commercial Climate 281

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 10, 2014

million of Fiscal Year 2013 funds ( FTA-2014-001-TRI ) for the deployment of low- or no-emission (LoNo) transit buses. An Eligible Area for the awards is either: Designated as a non-attainment area for ozone or carbon monoxide under section 107(d) of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. Of that amount, $21.6 7407(d)); or.

Emissions 268

Emissions Ozone Maintenance Hydrogen 268

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 22, 2011

The latter form ozone in the lower atmosphere when they react with NO x in the presence of sunlight. Construction work on the VOC recovery system began in October and the facility is due to be commissioned in the latter half of 2013.

Oil 199

Oil Building Ozone Finland 199

Green Car Congress

MAY 10, 2013

US Congressman Scott Peters (CA-52) introduced the Super Pollutant Emissions Reduction Act (SUPER Act) of 2013, legislation aimed at combating short-lived climate pollutants, which are only somewhat addressed by disparate government programs.

Pollution 199

Pollution Emissions Ozone Climate Change 199

Green Car Congress

JUNE 6, 2013

The field phase for the SAS began 1 June 2013 and runs through 15 July 2013 and is generally focused in the southeastern United States. SOAS objectives include the direct quantification of VOC, ozone and NO x surface fluxes and the reconciliation of differences with “blank-down” emission estimates. All airborne platforms (i.e.,

EPRI 186

EPRI EPA Mercury Ozone 186

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 21, 2011

The regulation becomes effective 1 January 2012; first auctions (for 2013 allowances) will be held in August and November, 2012. Compliance obligations for greenhouse gas emissions begins 1 January 2013. The cap will be set in 2013 at about 2% below the emissions level forecast for 2012. business-as-usual. business-as-usual.

2012 218

2012 California Climate Change Climate 218

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 14, 2019

Emissions from transportation sources were relatively constant from 2002 through 2007, declined through 2013, then increased by 9.0 MMTCO 2 e (6%) from 2013 to 2017. It does not include emissions from petroleum refineries and oil production. Source: ARB.

2017 230

2017 2016 Transportation Emissions 230

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 19, 2019

For its part, EPA is withdrawing the Clean Air Act preemption waiver it granted to the State of California in January 2013 as it relates to California’s GHG and ZEV programs. The California waiver authority exists because California has uniquely difficult problems with ozone-forming pollutants.

Fuel Economy 220

Fuel Economy EPA Economy Fuel 220

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 21, 2013

As with its predecessor legislation, the MAP-21 provides funding to areas in non-attainment or maintenance for ozone, carbon monoxide, and/or particulate matter. billion in CMAQ funding for each year of the authorization-2013 and 2014. The MAP-21 provides just over $2.2

Colorado 250

Colorado Fuel Oklahoma Ozone 250

Green Car Congress

APRIL 3, 2013

psi RVP in southern ozone non-attainment areas—but allows a 1 psi RVP waiver for E10. Thus, the evaporative emission increase caused by E30 would then be less than for E10. Currently, the Clean Air Act limits the volatility of gasoline to 9.0 psi RVP and 7.8 This waiver applies only to E10 (E9-E10), not more, not less.).

EPA 255

EPA Fuel Parts Gasoline 255

Green Car Congress

MARCH 24, 2017

Approximately 70% of the reductions needed to meet the ozone standard in the South Coast in 2031 would come from existing or proposed regulatory actions. SB 1383 sets targets for reductions in methane emissions of 40 percent below 2013 levels by 2030, a 40% reduction in HFCs and a 50% reduction in black carbon.

Climate 199

Climate California Ozone Pollution 199

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 23, 2020

million metric tons between 2017 and 2018, the first such decline since 2013. in 2018 (2000-2018 average year-over-year increase is 6.8%), continuing the increasing trend as they replace Ozone Depleting Substances (ODS) being phased out under the 1987 Montreal Protocol. Transportation emissions declined 1.5 tons per person to 10.7

2020 221

2020 Emissions California 2018 221

Green Car Congress

APRIL 19, 2013

Volatile organic compounds (VOC), which include hydrocarbons, are major air pollutants as well as precursors of harmful compounds such as tropospheric ozone and secondary organic aerosols. de Gouw (2013) Emission ratios of anthropogenic VOC in northern mid-latitude megacities: observations vs. emission inventories in Los Angeles and Paris.

Los Angeles 225

Los Angeles Pollution Gasoline Engine 225

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 11, 2013

Recently, researchers have produced a new zeolite that is surprisingly stable and makes very little nitrous oxide from nitric oxide, a chemical that depletes ozone. Peden, and János Szanyi (2013). Pedena (2013) Characterization of Cu-SSZ-13 NH 3 SCR catalysts: an in situ FTIR study. Burton, Andrew S. Lipton, Charles H.

Li-ion 225

Li-ion Diesel 2013 Water 225

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 25, 2013

The researchers used tropospheric NO 2 columns retrieved from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) on NASA’s Aura satellite, which measures NO 2 throughout the atmosphere in the afternoon around the world. Krotkov (2013) Scaling Relationship for NO 2 Pollution and Urban Population Size: A Satellite Perspective. Resources. Lamsal, R.

Pollution 261

Pollution Power Powered India 261

Green Car Congress

JULY 17, 2017

In the first, they found that when fuel prices drove residents of São Paulo, Brazil, to mostly switch from ethanol to gasoline in their flexible-fuel vehicles, local ozone levels dropped 20%. Officials, Geiger said, will need to weigh the increase in ozone against the decrease in nanoparticles when ethanol is used.

Gasoline 150

Gasoline Singapore Brazil Ozone 150

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 8, 2012

NSF anticipates funding of $35,000,000 to $39,000,000 in FY 2012 and FY 2013, pending availability of funds, to be awarded to an estimated 7 to 12 projects. The nonlinear nature of these interactions greatly increases the complexity of the problem. —NSF EaSM solicitation.

Climate 210

Climate Climate Change Ozone Global 210

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 11, 2016

In “Estimated Excess Morbidity and Mortality Caused by Air Pollution above ATS Recommended Standards, 2011-2013,” published online in the August edition of Annals of the American Thoracic Society , researchers report on the annual health benefits of meeting more protective standards recommended by the ATS for O 3 and PM 2.5. 201602-103AR.

Pollution 150

Pollution Standards Ozone EPA 150

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 23, 2013

Ozone reduction in highly polluted urban areas generally requires reduction of the emissions of both NO x and organic compounds, the Ford team noted. Wallington (2013) “Ethanol and Air Quality: Influence of Fuel Ethanol Content on Emissions and Fuel Economy of Flexible Fuel Vehicles.” —Hubbard et al. —Hubbard et al.

Emissions 294

Emissions Ford Exhaust Fuel 294

Green Car Congress

APRIL 12, 2013

For unsaturated hydrocarbons—molecules with at least one C=C double bond—a prominent removal mechanism is reaction with ozone, called ozonolysis. Percival (2013) Direct Measurements of Conformer-Dependent Reactivity of the Criegee Intermediate CH 3 CHOO. Taatjes, Oliver Welz, Arkke J. Eskola, John D. Savee, Adam M.

Water 218

Water Universal Ozone Insight 218

Green Car Congress

JULY 2, 2014

The Afternoon Constellation, so named because it crosses the equator at approximately 1:30 PM local time every day, consists of five existing satellites in tight formation, collecting simultaneous data on aerosols, clouds, cloud ice, carbon sinks, carbon sources, ozone, particulates, and atmospheric water vapor.

Carbon 240

Carbon Aura Solar Climate Change 240

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 10, 2016

Between 2009 and 2013, transthoracic echocardiography including an evaluation of pulmonary pressure was conducted in 16,295 individuals and correlated with average air pollution in Brussels on the same day and in the last five and ten days. and ozone on pulmonary circulation on the same day and over five and ten days.

Pollution 150

Pollution 2016 Exhaust Ozone 150

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 5, 2015

The study found the potential for 1,500–2,000 Bering Strait transits in 2025, a three- to four-fold increase from 440 transits in 2013 (based on the medium-growth scenario). MARPOL Annex VI sets limits on NO x and SO x emissions from ship exhaust, and prohibits deliberate emissions of ozone-depleting substances. Earlier post.).

Pollution 150

Pollution Emissions Fuel Mariner 150

Green Car Congress

JUNE 27, 2013

They accounted for both CO 2 emissions and emissions of ozone precursors (NO x , VOC, CO) and aerosols (BC or black carbon, OC, SO 2 ) as well as cloud effects (aviation-induced cirrus clouds and contrails)—i.e., In their study, Borken-Kleefeld et al. shorter-lived climate forcers (SLCFs). —Borken-Kleefeld et al.

Climate 186

Climate Diesel Emissions Climate Change 186

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 29, 2016

SB 1383 also sets targets for statewide reductions in SLCP emissions of 40% below 2013 levels by 2030 for methane and HFCs and 50% below 2013 levels by 2030 for human-caused black carbon, as well as provides specific direction for reductions from dairy and livestock operations and from landfills by diverting organic waste.

Pollution 150

Pollution California Emissions Waste 150

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 2, 2017

NO x emissions lead to the formation of ozone and small particulate matter (PM 2.5 ), each of which contributes to significant health impacts, including asthma and heart disease. With the 2010 NO x certification limit of 0.2g/bhp-hr, bhp-hr, NO x emissions dropped 90% compared to 2006 and older heavy-duty vehicles.

EPA 150

EPA Standards Gas Engine 150

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 26, 2009

The top set of recommendations call for: Replacing existing switch and medium horsepower locomotives with cleaner locomotives (2010-2013); Retrofitting switch and medium horsepower locomotive with particulate matter and oxides of nitrogen (NO x ) after-treatment devices (2012-2016); and. NO x helps create ground-level ozone, or smog.

Diesel 170

Diesel Emissions California 2007 170

Green Car Congress

MAY 2, 2016

Further, a 2013 review by Denier van der Gon et al. 2013 found that the ratio of non-exhaust to exhaust particles is strongly increasing in the last two decades, due to exhaust emission reductions. Non-exhaust PM factors include tire wear, brake wear, road surface wear and resuspension of road dust. Denier van der Gon, H.A.C.,

Exhaust 150

Exhaust Emissions Belgium Gasoline-Electric 150

Baua Electric

APRIL 5, 2024

Researchers were able to track that data via a network of sensors around the Bay Area that monitor both CO2 and five critical air pollutants: carbon monoxide, nitrous oxides (NO and NO 2 ), ozone, and particulates (PM 2.5). According to the research, by comparing the air pollution and CO2 data, the sensors help determine the emission source.

San Francisco 40

San Francisco Rhode Island CO2 San Jose 40

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 26, 2014

Counties where measured ozone is above proposed range of standards, based on 2011-2013 monitoring data. Earlier this year, EPA staff had recommended the further reduction of this primary ozone standard from the current 75 ppb (parts per billion) to a revised level within the range of 70 ppb to 60 ppb—and preferably below 70 ppb.

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Ozone EPA Standards 2015 273