The Truth About Cars

DECEMBER 22, 2023

The United States Department of Justice has accused Cummins of installing emissions defeating devices on diesel motors and decided to fine the company $1.67 The Justice Department has alleged that Cummins installed devices that allowed the engines to pass emissions during testing. billion for violating the Clean Air Act.

Emissions 111

Emissions Diesel Installation Pollution 111

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AUGUST 14, 2019

The California Air Resources Board’s latest state inventory of greenhouse gas emissions shows that California’s GHG emissions continue to decrease. Trends in California GHG Emissions. Changes in emissions by Scoping Plan sector between 2000 and 2017. Emissions are organized by the categories in the AB 32 Scoping Plan.

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2017 2016 Transportation Emissions 230

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JUNE 2, 2014

BC mass emissions for all four GDI and PFI vehicles over the three different driving patterns. This may result in the need for new emissions control strategies—such as a gasoline particulate filter (GPF)—to enable compliance with California LEV III and US EPA Tier 3 particulate emissions standards.

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Environment Exhaust Gasoline Canada 230

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NOVEMBER 16, 2021

billion plan to close the state’s funding gap to speed up the zero-emission vehicle (ZEV) infrastructure build-out in support of Governor Gavin Newsom’s executive order phasing out the sale of new gasoline-powered passenger vehicles by 2035. The California Energy Commission (CEC) approved a three-year, $1.4-billion

Transportation 186

Transportation California Emissions Manufacturer 186

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MARCH 9, 2018

Audi remains convinced of the potential of the fuels e-gas, “e-benzin” (e-gasoline) and e-diesel and is continuing to pursue its e-fuels strategy. galons US), the largest batch yet produced—of synthetic Audi e-gasoline for initial engine tests. Audi “e-benzin” (e-gasoline) is essentially a liquid isooctane. Earlier post.)

Audi 199

Audi Gasoline Global Engine 199

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JUNE 23, 2014

Cost of the new engine relative to gasoline baseline. In 2013, the Cummins-led team demonstrated a Tier 2 Bin 5 version of the engine on the dyno, and then on a vehicle, while development of the Tier 2 Bin 2 engine started. liter) and its emission control system (ECS) without a weight penalty. Earlier post.). Source: Cummins.

Fuel Economy 357

Fuel Economy Economy Gasoline Downsizing 357

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JUNE 26, 2013

In a new paper in the International Journal of Engine Research , Koichiro Aikawa of Honda R&D and Jeff Jetter of Honda R&D Americas report that their “PM Index”—reported in a paper in 2010—applies well to direct-injection (DI) gasoline engines as well as to the port-fuel-injection (PFI) engines of their original study.

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Gasoline Honda Engine 2010 199

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FEBRUARY 15, 2016

A study by researchers at Carnegie Mellon University has concluded that regulatory incentives for OEMs for alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs) intended to encourage a technology transition in the transportation fleet result in increased fleet-wide gasoline consumption and emissions. Earlier post.).

Gasoline 150

Gasoline Fleet Emissions Fuel 150

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SEPTEMBER 23, 2014

Increased greenhouse gas emissions equal to 4.4 The white paper updates earlier BIO’s March 2014 study, “Estimating Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Proposed Changes to the Renewable Fuel Standard Through 2022.”. The United States is now projected to use 2 billion gallons more gasoline and 0.5

EPA 236

EPA Emissions 2014 2013 236

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MAY 1, 2014

Cars sold in Europe in 2013 were collectively 4% more efficient than the year before, according to provisional data from the European Environment Agency (EEA). The average CO 2 emissions level of a new car sold in 2013 was 127 g CO 2 /km; the target for 2015 was 130 g/km. million new cars registered in the EU in 2013.

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2013 2015 Latvia Europe 231

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DECEMBER 27, 2013

Diesel is currently taxed at a lower level than gasoline in Europe; however, since 2011 the EC has been considering reversing that situation by making energy taxes systematically reflect the CO 2 performance of the energy product. As on a volumetric basis, diesel contains more carbon than gasoline, the tax on diesel fuel would increase.

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Tax Gasoline Diesel Europe 294

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JANUARY 14, 2014

In part-load operation, the indirect injection supplements direct gasoline injection to improve fuel economy and to reduce the output of particulates from the engine. Earlier post.). Audi says the approach is sufficient to meet Euro 6 particle limits without the use of a particulate filter. Earlier post.) smooth running. Resources.

Gasoline 304

Gasoline Audi Fuel Engine 304

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OCTOBER 11, 2014

With alternative fuel vehicles now approaching 1% of new vehicle production, however, they are in fact beginning to have a “ measurable and meaningful impact ” on overall new vehicle fuel economy and CO 2 emissions. In the analysis, EPA uses overall fuel economy in mpg equivalent (mpge) and tailpipe CO 2 emission values.

Fuel Economy 312

Fuel Economy EPA PHEV Economy 312

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JUNE 26, 2015

In a new, comprehensive study, a team from Argonne National Laboratory, Stanford University and UC Davis ITS has estimated the well-to-wheels (WTW) GHG emissions of US production of gasoline and diesel sourced from Canadian oil sands. of the total crudes processed in US refineries in 2013 and forecast to reach 13.6%

Oil-Sands 150

Oil-Sands Oil Gasoline Emissions 150

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SEPTEMBER 29, 2014

The September 2014 Monthly Energy Review (MER) published on Friday by the US Energy Information Administration (EIA) has provided more data to support a trend in rising CO 2 in the US that began in 2013. However, in 2013, CO 2 emissions from energy consumption climbed to 5,396 MMT. Top: US Energy Flow, 2013 (quadrillion Btu).

Emissions 239

Emissions Energy Climate Change 2013 239

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JANUARY 11, 2014

Petrobras launched new regular and premium ultra-low-sulfur gasoline throughout Brazil on 1 January 2014, entirely replacing the previous regular and premium gasoline. California, Europe, Japan, South Korea, and several other countries have gasoline sulfur limits of 10 ppm. Between 2005 and 2013, Petrobras invested R$20.6

Brazil 247

Brazil Gasoline South Korea 2005 247

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DECEMBER 16, 2013

A team at the University of Idaho has demonstrated that glycerol, a byproduct from biodiesel production, could be used as a substrate for producing drop-in gasoline-range biofuel. The technology of converting methanol into gasoline was discovered and commercialized more than 3 decades ago. Tropsch synthesis (FTS). 5 Catalysis.”

Gasoline 294

Gasoline Convert Production Conversion 294

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DECEMBER 4, 2013

Shell has developed a lead-free replacement for aviation gasoline (Avgas 100 and 100LL); the replacement fuel will now begin a strict regulatory approvals process. Leaded gasoline for automobiles was phased out of use in the US by 1995 due to its environmental and health impact.) Shell is the first major oil company to do so.

Gasoline 246

Gasoline EPA Emissions Fuel 246

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DECEMBER 7, 2012

The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Department of Energy (DOE) released the 2013 Fuel Economy Guide. The 2013 models include efficient and low-emission vehicles in a variety of classes and sizes, but notable this year is the growing availability of hybrids and the increasing number of electric vehicles.

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Fuel Economy 2013 EPA Economy 218

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JULY 11, 2011

The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is issuing a proposed rule under the Clean Air Act (CAA) that would waive requirements beginning in 2013 for systems used at gas station pumps to capture potentially harmful gasoline vapors while refueling cars. The CAA requires states to implement Stage II gasoline vapor recovery.

EPA 186

EPA Gasoline 2013 Ozone 186

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AUGUST 15, 2012

The new 2013 Range Rover luxury SUV, to go on sale in September and with deliveries to begin in 2013, is the first SUV with a lightweight all-aluminium monocoque body structure. It offers a 420kg (926 lb) weight saving over the outgoing model, delivering improved fuel economy and CO 2 emissions.

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2013 Range Fuel Economy SUV 231

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APRIL 9, 2019

All but three European car manufacturers met their specific emission targets in 2017, based on current European vehicle test rules. Nevertheless, average carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions from new cars sold in the European Union in 2017 rose by 0.4g The final data show that average CO 2 emissions of a new car sold in the EU rose by 0.4

2017 170

2017 Emissions CO2 2016 170

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MARCH 26, 2015

For the second consecutive model year, the automotive industry outperformed the national greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions standards by a wide margin, according to the US Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) second annual Greenhouse Gas Emissions Standards for Light Duty Vehicles: Manufacturer’s Performance Report.

Standards 150

Standards Emissions EPA 2013 150

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OCTOBER 17, 2013

Between 1 October 2012 and 30 September 2013, electric vehicle manufacturer Tesla Motors transferred out 1,311.520 ZEV (zero emission vehicle) credits, according to the latest report by the California Air Resources Board (ARB)—by far, the largest of any automaker in the state. Click to enlarge. Click to enlarge. Click to enlarge.

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2013 Land Rover Chrysler Tesla 240

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FEBRUARY 21, 2013

In a study published in the journal Energy Economics , MIT researchers have found that a fuel economy standard is at least six to fourteen times less cost effective than a fuel tax when targeting an identical reduction in cumulative gasoline use (20% by 2050).

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Fuel Economy MIT Fuel Tax Economy 288

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JUNE 29, 2012

For the 2013 XF and XJ lineup, Jaguar is adding two new downsized forced induction gasoline powerplants: 3.0-liter liter V8 gasoline units. Eight-speed ZF automatic transmissions are now fitted to all gasoline and diesel XJ and XF variants as standard for greater efficiency and performance. liter V6 Supercharged and 2.0-liter

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Gasoline Engine 2013 MPH 225

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AUGUST 22, 2014

EPA is proposing , at the request of the State of Maine, to require the sale of reformulated gasoline ( RFG ) in York, Cumberland, Sagadahoc, Androscoggin, Kennebec, Knox and Lincoln counties in southern Maine starting in June 2015. About 30% of gasoline sold in the US is reformulated.

EPA 239

EPA Gasoline Ozone District of Columbia 239

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JUNE 19, 2014

Lightning Hybrids , a maker of hydraulic hybrid systems for medium- and heavy-duty trucks and buses ( earlier post ), released initial results from emissions testing conducted by an independent testing facility in Colorado of two medium-duty trucks upfitted with the Lighting Hybrids system. liter V10 and a 2010 GMC 3500 Savana Cutaway 6.0-liter

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Hybrid Emissions West Virginia Colorado 275

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APRIL 9, 2016

A US-wide county-level study comparing lifecycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from several light-duty passenger gasoline and plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) has found that PEVs can have larger or smaller carbon footprints than gasoline vehicles depending on regional factors and the specific vehicle models being compared.

Gasoline 150

Gasoline Plug-in Prius Plug 150

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FEBRUARY 22, 2013

The new Citroën C3, set for launch in April 2013, will make its debut at the Geneva motor show. Among a range of more efficient engines with CO 2 emissions as low as 87 g/km, the new C3 will also offer the new PureTech gasoline engines ( earlier post ) bringing 15% more power and a 25% cut in fuel consumption. l/100 km (54.7

Gasoline 225

Gasoline Engine 2002 MPG 225

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JUNE 6, 2012

The 2013 Honda Fit EV ( earlier post ) received a combined adjusted Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) mile-per-gallon-equivalency (MPGe) rating of 118 MPGe—the highest yet awarded by the EPA. City and highway cycle fuel-economy ratings are 132 and 105 MPGe, respectively. Acceleration improves significantly when in Sport mode.

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Fuel Economy EPA 2013 Honda 339

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SEPTEMBER 15, 2014

Peugeot is introducing new Euro 6-compliant versions of its three-cylinder PureTech gasoline and four-cylinder BlueHDI diesel engines. The introduction of the new engines has reduced the average weighted CO 2 emissions of Peugeot’s European range to 111.2 mpg US) respectively, delivering CO 2 emissions of just 82 and 85 g/km.

Gasoline 225

Gasoline Diesel Engine MPG 225

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DECEMBER 11, 2014

Volvo Car’s 3-cylinder gasoline engine. Volvo Cars confirmed its production program to develop a lightweight 3-cylinder Drive-E gasoline engine. The 4-cylinder Drive-E Powertrains launched in 2013; the 4-cylinder Drive-E engines are used as the base of the new Volvo Twin Engine plug-in hybrid electric powertrain.

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Volvo Gasoline Engine Cars 230

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NOVEMBER 8, 2015

Gasoline direct injection (GDI) is a strategy to improve fuel efficiency that is rapidly gaining market acceptance. Accordingly, there are significant research efforts—including Ford’s own—aimed at understanding how PM emissions can be reduced by engine design (e.g., and fuel properties. Earlier post.) and fuel properties.

Gasoline 150

Gasoline 2020 North America Exhaust 150

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AUGUST 19, 2013

The study found that the highest-emitting 10% of gasoline vehicles are now responsible for the overwhelming majority of running CO, NMHC, and NO x. However, they also found that decreases in emissions of these pollutants appear to be slowing down and may have leveled off. Credit: ACS, McDonald et al. Click to enlarge.

Emissions 247

Emissions Los Angeles Motor Motors 247

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DECEMBER 10, 2021

The twice-a-year inspections will ensure that the emissions control systems maintain the same efficiency as the vehicle ages. OBD systems have been required by CARB on heavy-duty vehicles since 2013. The action taken by CARB will cover roughly 1 million heavy-duty trucks and buses operating in California.

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California Maintenance Pollution Diesel 321

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JULY 17, 2017

In the first, they found that when fuel prices drove residents of São Paulo, Brazil, to mostly switch from ethanol to gasoline in their flexible-fuel vehicles, local ozone levels dropped 20%. São Paulo has the world’s largest flexible-fuel vehicle fleet, with cars that can run on all gasoline, all ethanol or some mix of the two.

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Gasoline Singapore Brazil Ozone 150