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A study by an international team led by scientists at the University of East Anglia have identified four new man-made gases in the atmosphere, all of which are contributing to the destruction of the ozone layer. They also looked at air collected between 1978 and 2012 in unpolluted Tasmania. Brenninkmeijer, Paul J. Oram, Claire E.
In China, people breathe ozone-laden air two to six times more often than people in the United States, Europe, Japan, or South Korea, according to a new international study published in Environmental Science & Technology Letters. 2017 for one ozone metric. The inset shows ozone trends in Beijing (red) and Los Angeles (blue).
Emissions of one of the chemicals most responsible for the Antarctic ozone hole are on the rise, despite an international treaty that required an end to its production in 2010, a new study by researchers at NOAA and their colleagues shows. Even more unexpected was that the rate of decline slowed by 50% after 2012.
The first peer-reviewed study to directly quantify how emissions from oil and natural gas (O&NG) activities influence summertime tropospheric ozone (O 3 ) pollution in the Colorado Front Range confirms that chemical vapors from oil and gas activities are a significant contributor to the region’s chronic ozone problem.
The California Air Resources Board (ARB) is soliciting research suggestions for the Fiscal Year 2012-2013 Annual Research Plan in the form of brief conceptual descriptions that address specified research gaps and support the Board’s ongoing regulatory and policy priorities. The deadline to submit research concepts is 31 January 2012.
The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has pushed back its projected release of the Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM) for Tier 3 light-duty vehicle emission and fuel standards to July 2012. Earlier, the projected date was March 2012. The Tier 3 standards will succeed the current Tier 2 requirements. Earlier post.)
VOCs, primarily emitted from the tailpipes of vehicles, are a key ingredient in the formation of ground-level ozone which, at high levels, can harm people’s lungs and damage crops and other plants. Parrish (2012), Multi-Year Trends in Volatile Organic Compounds in Los Angeles, California: Five Decades of Decreasing Emissions, J.
The regulation becomes effective 1 January 2012; first auctions (for 2013 allowances) will be held in August and November, 2012. The cap will be set in 2013 at about 2% below the emissions level forecast for 2012. the destruction of existing stores of ozone-depleting substances in the U.S.
Credit: Marston (2012), Photo credit: Daniel Stein/Istockphoto.com.Click to enlarge. Ozonolysis—the cleavage of carbon-carbon double bonds through reaction with ozone—is a reaction that plays a key role in a number of fields, including synthetic chemistry and tropospheric removal of unsaturated hydrocarbons. Welz et al.
NO x emissions are important because of their role in the formation of ozone and secondary PM. Ozone and PM contribute to significant respiratory and public health problems. solicitation is 30 April 2012. Locomotives as a source category are ranked 6 th for the levels of contribution to California NO x emissions.
The authors said their study is the first to include all five major air pollutants known to negatively impact human health: nitrogen dioxide, sulphur dioxide, ozone, carbon monoxide and particulate matter smaller than 2.5 Northern India and the Arabian Gulf region, on the other hand, will suffer a marked increase in ozone levels.
Construction of the new 40,000 square meter facility—BASF’s largest in Europe—will begin before the end of 2012. In addition, the plant will house a regional sample laboratory and a production line for BASF’s Premair-branded ozone destruction catalysts for automotive applications. ska, a Special Economic Zone near Wroc?aw,
Applicants will be expected to collect data under real world cargo transport conditions in the prime applicant’s 8-hour ozone non-attainment area. Eastern Daylight Time on 15 May 2012. DOE anticipates notifying applicants selected for award by the end of July 2012, and making at least one award by 30 September 2012.
ska facility are Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) systems; advanced SCR on Filter (SCRoF) solutions; and PremAir-branded ozone destruction catalysts for automotive applications. The plant began production trials in April 2014, and last month started up two emissions catalysts manufacturing lines, with an initial employee base of 100.
Bromine also can remove ozone from the lowest layer of the atmosphere, the troposphere. Despite ozone’s beneficial role blocking harmful radiation in the stratosphere, ground-level ozone is a harmful pollutant. Bromine then reacts with a gaseous form of mercury, turning it into a pollutant that falls to Earth’s surface.
Through the close of the SAFETEA-LU period in 2012, the CMAQ program has provided nearly $30 billion in just under 29,000 transportation-environmental projects to State DOTs, metropolitan planning organizations, and other sponsors across the country.
A view of the inside of the CitiSense sensor: the three cylindrical components detect ozone, nitrogen dioxide and carbon monoxide. The CitiSense sensors detect ozone, nitrogen dioxide and carbon monoxide, the most common pollutants emitted by cars and trucks. Wireless Health 2012. —Nikzad et al. Click to enlarge.
While last year it appeared that the auto industry as a whole would shift to R-1234yf, in September 2012, Daimler said that internal testing had identified safety (flammability) issues under certain conditions, and that it would not use R-1234yf in its products. The current work following Daimler’s balk in September 2012 is the fourth.
Achieving our long-term climate goal and 2032 ozone standards will require a much deeper penetration of ZEVs into the fleet. Deployment of fuel efficient vehicle tires for in-use vehicles could include limited incentives, followed by ratings and then standard setting to permanently shift the market.
NO 2 is just one component of air pollution, which is made up of many pollutants (including particulate matter, ozone, carbon monoxide), which are known to have numerous adverse effects on health. NO 2 is a pollutant formed mainly from fossil fuel combustion, and traffic emissions can contribute up to 80% of ambient NO 2 in cities.
Taylor 2012. Respectively, Title IV of the 1990 Clean Air Act and the Ozone Transport Commission/NO x Budget Program.). —Taylor 2012. Taylor (2012) Innovation under cap-and-trade programs, PNAS doi: 10.1073/pnas.1113462109. and NO 2 regulation in the US in 1970. Click to enlarge. Margaret R. 1113462109.
In addition to CO 2 , other compounds such as ozone (O 3 ) precursors (nitrogen oxides (NO x =NO+NO 2 ), carbon monoxide (CO), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs)) and aerosols such as black carbon (BC) and organic carbon (OC) are emitted by ships. 1 from shipping in 2007, corresponding to 3.3% 1 of the total ship emissions in 2007.
Sources already subject to the 2012 NSPS requirements for VOC reductions that also would be covered by the proposed 2015 methane requirements would not have to install additional controls, because the controls to reduce VOCs reduce both pollutants. EPA required green completions for hydraulically fractured natural gas wells in its 2012 rules.
eutrophication; ET = ecological toxicity; FEC = fossil energy consumption; WU = water use; LO = land occupation; “The rest” includes acidification; smog formation; ozone layer depletion; and human health effects. GW = global warming; Eut. Credit: ACS, Yang et al. Click to enlarge. —Yang et al.
The percent of biodiesel and renewable diesel in the total diesel blend have shown a significant growth in recent years, going from 1% in 2012 to 18% in 2017. Biofuels such as ethanol, biodiesel, and renewable diesel can displace fossil fuels and reduce the amount of fossil-based CO 2 emissions released into the atmosphere.
The regulation will cover 360 businesses representing 600 facilities and is divided into two broad phases: an initial phase beginning in 2012 that will include all major industrial sources along with utilities; and, a second phase that starts in 2015 and brings in distributors of transportation fuels, natural gas and other fuels.
The VOC reductions in the proposal are expected to help reduce ozone nonattainment problems in many areas where oil and gas production occurs. Natural gas production in the USis growing, with more than 25,000 new and existing wells fractured or re-fractured each year. Details on the hearings will be announced soon.
The study found that 60% of the winter primary hydrocarbon hydroxyl radical reactivity in London is from those diesel-related hydrocarbons; the authors predicted that the longer-chain HCs contribute up to 50 % of the ozone production potential in London. Dunmore et al.
The current annual standard has been in place since 2012. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is proposing to retain, without changes, the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for particulate matter (PM) including both fine particles (PM 2.5 ) and coarse particles (PM 10 ).
The study involved children (age range, 5-18 years) from 3 groups, and was conducted during the 1993-2001, 1996-2004, and 2003-2012 years in 8 Southern California communities. 2016) “Association of Changes in Air Quality With Bronchitic Symptoms in Children in California,” 1993-2012. Kiros Berhane, Ph.D., —Berhane et al.
They delimited five stages of the natural gas lifecycle using terminology defined in a 2012 World Resources Institute working paper: preproduction; natural gas production; natural gas transmission, storage, and distribution; natural gas end-use; and. well production end-of-life. Moore et al. Branosky, E.; Stevens, A.;
In a liquid phase, the organic materials would absorb other compounds such as ammonia or ozone very easily and then progress through a series of chemical changes (known as chemical aging) to form particles that reflect or absorb sunlight, or form clouds. The experiments at Harvard, using particles of ? Mikinori Kuwata and Scot T.
NSF anticipates funding of $35,000,000 to $39,000,000 in FY 2012 and FY 2013, pending availability of funds, to be awarded to an estimated 7 to 12 projects. The nonlinear nature of these interactions greatly increases the complexity of the problem. —NSF EaSM solicitation.
Black carbon is part of a group of pollution sources known as Short-Lived Climate Forcers (SLCFs), including methane gas and ozone, which are produced on earth. Zaveri (2012) Radiative Absorption Enhancements Due to the Mixing State of Atmospheric Black Carbon. Lack, Brian M. Olfert, Tuukka Petäjä, Patricia K. Quinn, Chen Song, R.
The children lived in communities that differed in sources and levels of the outdoor pollutants PM, NO 2 , and ozone. Eighteen major policy actions had been implemented in Southern California during the study period to reduce pollution from transportation sources.
For unsaturated hydrocarbons—molecules with at least one C=C double bond—a prominent removal mechanism is reaction with ozone, called ozonolysis. Earlier post.). Hydrocarbons that are emitted into Earth’s troposphere, either naturally or by humans, are removed by many reactive atmospheric species.
Two maps compare total annual sulfur dioxide amounts for India and China during 2005 (left) and 2016 based on Ozone Monitoring Instrument measurements. The country opened its largest coal-fired power plant in 2012 and has yet to implement emission controls like China.
This is accompanied by a modest regional decrease in surface ozone (of order 1%). Tessum (2012) Natural and Anthropogenic Ethanol Sources in North America and Potential Atmospheric Impacts of Ethanol Fuel Use. Over the Atlantic Ocean, instead of a NO x decrease, they found a minor increase of up to 2% outside of the summer season.
The majority of California residents live in areas that do not meet permissible air quality levels for regulated air pollutants—mostly due to exceedances in atmospheric concentrations of ozone and particulate matter.
Recently, researchers have produced a new zeolite that is surprisingly stable and makes very little nitrous oxide from nitric oxide, a chemical that depletes ozone. 2012) Cu-SSZ-13 Catalysts for the Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO x with NH 3 : Catalyst Characterization and Reaction Mechanisms (12 AIChE meeting). Feng Gao et al.
60% of ground-level ozone (O 3 ) precursors, 6% of fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ), and 22% of greenhouse gases (GHGs) emitted. Hill (2012) A Spatially and Temporally Explicit Life Cycle Inventory of Air Pollutants from Gasoline and Ethanol in the United States. Associated tailpipe emissions alone account for 40?60% Christopher W.
Unregulated pollutants also include ozone precursors and bioaccumulative and toxic compounds. Assanis (2012) Gaseous and Particulate Emissions from Diesel Engines at Idle and under Load: Comparison of Biodiesel Blend and Ultralow Sulfur Diesel Fuels. —Chin et al. Jo-Yu Chin, Stuart A. Batterman, William F. Northrop, Stanislav V.
The use of petroleum-derived fuels is an important source of reactive gas-phase organic carbon that provides key precursors to the formation of secondary OA (SOA) and tropospheric ozone. Worton, Arthur W. Chan, Timothy R. Dallmann, Laura Davis, Shang Liu, Douglas A. Day, Lynn M. Russell, Kevin R. Wilson, Robin Weber, Abhinav Guha, Robert A.
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