Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 21, 2013

The Federal Highway Administration’s Congestion, Mitigation and Air Quality ( CMAQ ) program will provide $30 million to increase Colorado’s natural gas fueling infrastructure. The funds will provide for the statewide construction of compressed natural gas fueling stations and the purchase of natural gas vehicles (NGV).

Colorado 250

Colorado Fuel Oklahoma Ozone 250

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 13, 2012

Methane is both a potent greenhouse gas and an important precursor to ground-level ozone. Ozone, a key component of smog and also a greenhouse gas, damages crops and human health. Tropospheric ozone and black carbon (BC) contribute to degraded air quality and global warming. Ramanathan, Kevin Hicks, N. 1210026.

Carbon 257

Carbon Ozone Emissions International 257

Green Car Congress

MARCH 1, 2012

technologies on the cusp of commercialization with the potential for significant targeted reductions in criteria pollutants and overall greenhouse gas emission. NO x emissions are important because of their role in the formation of ozone and secondary PM. Ozone and PM contribute to significant respiratory and public health problems.

California 199

California Ozone EPA Pollution 199

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 27, 2015

The study found that 60% of the winter primary hydrocarbon hydroxyl radical reactivity in London is from those diesel-related hydrocarbons; the authors predicted that the longer-chain HCs contribute up to 50 % of the ozone production potential in London. —Dunmore et al. Dunmore, R. Hopkins, J. Lidster, R. Rickard, A. and Hamilton, J.

London 150

London Pollution Diesel Emissions 150

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 16, 2012

Credit: Marston (2012), Photo credit: Daniel Stein/Istockphoto.com.Click to enlarge. Ozonolysis—the cleavage of carbon-carbon double bonds through reaction with ozone—is a reaction that plays a key role in a number of fields, including synthetic chemistry and tropospheric removal of unsaturated hydrocarbons. Welz et al.

Ozone 268

Ozone Climate Change Climate 2012 268

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 9, 2012

VOCs, primarily emitted from the tailpipes of vehicles, are a key ingredient in the formation of ground-level ozone which, at high levels, can harm people’s lungs and damage crops and other plants. Parrish (2012), Multi-Year Trends in Volatile Organic Compounds in Los Angeles, California: Five Decades of Decreasing Emissions, J.

Los Angeles 285

Los Angeles Gasoline Ozone 2002 285

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 14, 2019

The California Air Resources Board’s latest state inventory of greenhouse gas emissions shows that California’s GHG emissions continue to decrease. The percent of biodiesel and renewable diesel in the total diesel blend have shown a significant growth in recent years, going from 1% in 2012 to 18% in 2017.

2017 230

2017 2016 Transportation Emissions 230

Green Car Congress

APRIL 11, 2014

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)—commonly used in refrigerators and air conditioners—play a role in creating a hole in the ozone layer over Antarctica. 2 in 2020, before declining by approximately 26% by 2050, despite continued growth of fully fluorinated greenhouse gas emissions. —Ronald Prinn. Rigby, M.,

Climate 199

Climate Ozone Climate Change MIT 199

Green Car Congress

APRIL 11, 2019

Improving access to cleaner forms of transportation, like electrified public transport and active commuting by cycling and walking, would not only bring down NO 2 levels, but would also reduce asthma, enhance physical fitness, and cut greenhouse gas emissions. —Susan Anenberg.

Pollution 360

Pollution United Arab Emirates South Korea Las Vegas 360

Green Car Congress

MAY 16, 2014

The AB 32 Scoping Plan, which guides development and implementation of California’s greenhouse gas emission reduction programs. Achieving our long-term climate goal and 2032 ozone standards will require a much deeper penetration of ZEVs into the fleet. The Air Resources Board is required to update the Scoping Plan every five years.

Climate Change 218

Climate Change Climate California Ozone 218

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 17, 2010

The regulation will cover 360 businesses representing 600 facilities and is divided into two broad phases: an initial phase beginning in 2012 that will include all major industrial sources along with utilities; and, a second phase that starts in 2015 and brings in distributors of transportation fuels, natural gas and other fuels.

California 218

California Climate Climate Change Gas-Electric 218

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 29, 2016

The major sources of methane in California are livestock (~30% of the state’s methane emissions), followed by landfills and oil and gas production. Methane is 72 times more efficient at trapping heat in the atmosphere than CO 2 , which is the most prevalent global warming gas. CO 2 remains in the atmosphere for up to a century.

Pollution 150

Pollution California Emissions Climate 150

Blink Charging

NOVEMBER 28, 2023

Many school districts use diesel buses for fuel efficiency, but even diesel exhaust was classified as a known carcinogen to humans in 2012. Electric school buses do not emit harmful greenhouse gas emissions, so their adoption supports healthier air. Eliminating ICE buses will go a long way toward making schools healthier for students.

Fleet 60

Fleet Electric Electrical United States 60

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 11, 2014

The California Air Resources Board released the draft proposed first update to the AB 32 Scoping Plan, which guides development and implementation of California’s greenhouse gas emission reduction programs. As a result of ARB’s 2012 ZEV program and Governor Brown’s Executive Order B-16-12, California expects to have more than 1.5

Transportation 273

Transportation Emissions California Ozone 273

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 2, 2015

The approach described is designed to meet simultaneously federal air quality standards; achieve greenhouse gas emission reduction targets; reduce petroleum consumption; and decrease health risk from transportation sources through 2030. Vision 2.0

Clean 150

Clean Cleaning Emissions Cleaner 150

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 1, 2012

Still, scientists agree that black carbon in the atmosphere has a significant effect on global and regional climate, with earlier studies ranking the warming effects of black carbon particles second only to carbon dioxide gas. Zaveri (2012) Radiative Absorption Enhancements Due to the Mixing State of Atmospheric Black Carbon.

Climate 261

Climate Climate Change Carbon Boston 261

Green Car Congress

APRIL 12, 2013

For unsaturated hydrocarbons—molecules with at least one C=C double bond—a prominent removal mechanism is reaction with ozone, called ozonolysis. Earlier post.). Hydrocarbons that are emitted into Earth’s troposphere, either naturally or by humans, are removed by many reactive atmospheric species.

Water 218

Water Universal Ozone Insight 218

Green Car Congress

MARCH 16, 2012

eutrophication; ET = ecological toxicity; FEC = fossil energy consumption; WU = water use; LO = land occupation; “The rest” includes acidification; smog formation; ozone layer depletion; and human health effects. GW = global warming; Eut. Credit: ACS, Yang et al. Click to enlarge. —Yang et al.

Gasoline 357

Gasoline Water Emissions Minnesota 357

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 11, 2013

In addition, they produce as a byproduct the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (known to dental patients everywhere as laughing gas). Recently, researchers have produced a new zeolite that is surprisingly stable and makes very little nitrous oxide from nitric oxide, a chemical that depletes ozone. Feng Gao et al.

Li-ion 225

Li-ion Diesel 2013 Water 225

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 18, 2015

The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) released its latest set of proposed standards to reduce emissions of methane and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from the oil and natural gas industry. The proposed updates also add emissions reduction requirements for sources of methane and VOC pollution that were not covered in the 2012 rules.

EPA 150

EPA Oil Gas Industrial 150

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 29, 2010

The California Air Resources Board released its proposed greenhouse gas cap-and-trade regulation. A key part of ARB’s AB 32 Scoping Plan ( earlier post ), the cap-and-trade program provides an overall limit on the emissions from sources responsible for 85% of California’s greenhouse gas emissions. Offset Protocols.

2015 210

2015 Transportation Fuel Emissions 210

Green Car Congress

JUNE 8, 2015

In addition to the direct benefits of storing carbon, wood products have also been shown to have fewer associated greenhouse gas emissions compared with concrete or steel. —Jones and O’Hara (2012). ozone depletion potential (ODP). photochemical ozone creation potential. Click to enlarge. Carbon offsets.

Carbon 150

Carbon Personal Store Emissions 150

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 11, 2012

60% of ground-level ozone (O 3 ) precursors, 6% of fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ), and 22% of greenhouse gases (GHGs) emitted. Hill (2012) A Spatially and Temporally Explicit Life Cycle Inventory of Air Pollutants from Gasoline and Ethanol in the United States. Associated tailpipe emissions alone account for 40?60% Christopher W.

Gasoline 236

Gasoline Emissions Gasoline-Electric Pollution 236

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 11, 2010

Regarding future Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emission regulations (Pavley 2), staff is evaluating studies of the feasibility and cost of advanced technologies to reduce GHG emissions that could achieve widespread sales and acceptance in the 2017-2025 timeframe.

Emissions 186

Emissions California Fleet Vehicles 186

Green Car Congress

APRIL 1, 2009

The bill also modifies the Clean Air Act to require the development of greenhouse gas emissions standards for all other mobile sources—e.g., Within three years of enactment, the EPA would need to determine the lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions of all transportation fuels and determine the fuel emission baseline.

Climate 186

Climate Standards Carbon California 186

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 26, 2009

The top set of recommendations call for: Replacing existing switch and medium horsepower locomotives with cleaner locomotives (2010-2013); Retrofitting switch and medium horsepower locomotive with particulate matter and oxides of nitrogen (NO x ) after-treatment devices (2012-2016); and. NO x helps create ground-level ozone, or smog.

Diesel 170

Diesel Emissions California 2007 170

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 14, 2015

The National Academies have released a third review of the 21 st Century Truck Partnership (21CTP); the review follows the Phase 1 and Phase 2 reviews by the National Research Council in 2008 and 2012 ( earlier post ) and assesses the progress the partnership has made. These new targets need to be set for the research efforts.

MPG 150

MPG Miles 2009 Fuel 150

Green Car Congress

MARCH 8, 2013

While last year it appeared that the auto industry as a whole would shift to R-1234yf, in September 2012, Daimler said that internal testing had identified safety (flammability) issues under certain conditions, and that it would not use R-1234yf in its products. The current work following Daimler’s balk in September 2012 is the fourth.

Future 311

Future CO2 Climate 2009 311

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 23, 2012

The use of petroleum-derived fuels is an important source of reactive gas-phase organic carbon that provides key precursors to the formation of secondary OA (SOA) and tropospheric ozone. These compounds in un-burned gasoline and diesel fuel dominate vehicular emissions of reactive gas-phase carbon that have the potential to form SOA.

Diesel 281

Diesel Los Angeles Exhaust Gasoline 281

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 20, 2012

Unregulated pollutants also include ozone precursors and bioaccumulative and toxic compounds. These emissions strongly depend on fuel and exhaust gas treatments and perhaps more so than the regulated pollutants. Future studies might be designed to evaluate the origin of these emissions. —Chin et al. Jo-Yu Chin, Stuart A.

Pollution 231

Pollution Diesel Emissions Engine 231