Green Car Congress

MARCH 18, 2012

Bitumen production from the Canadian oil sands provides a point of reference that could be used to observe and better manage the land and water impacts of a rapid transition to unconventional fuels, suggests Dr. Sarah Jordaan of the Energy Technology Innovation Policy Research Group, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University.

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Oil-Sands Water Oil Fuel 231

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 2, 2009

Water (liquid or vapor) is formed at the cathode catalyst. Liquid water hydrates the membrane and increases its protonic conductivity, but may also flood the catalyst layer pores, preventing oxygen from reaching the catalyst layers. Promislow and Wetton, 2009. Cross-section of a unit cell. Click to enlarge. Promislow and Wetton.

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Conversion Fuel Energy Polymer 150

Green Car Congress

APRIL 8, 2009

In 2009, the DOE was appropriated $40 million to investigate advanced water power energy generation technologies. Projects are expected to begin in Fiscal Year 2009. Advanced Water Power Market Acceleration Projects to conduct resource and cost assessments of US offshore, in-stream, ocean thermal and advanced hydropower.

Water 150

Water Mariner Power Powered 150

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 5, 2009

Licht, 2009. Calculated potential needed to electrolyze carbon dioxide or water. Licht, 2009. Licht, 2009. The STEP process occurs at solar energy conversion efficiency greater than attainable by photovoltaics alone. Licht, 2009. Licht, 2009. Click to enlarge. Click to enlarge. Click to enlarge.

Solar 258

Solar Conversion CO2 2009 258

Green Car Congress

JUNE 20, 2009

Researchers at Oregon State University have demonstrated the gasification of water-soluble biomass constituents in supercritical water in a microchannel reactor under isothermal, continuous flow condition at short residence times to produce a hydrogen-rich gas. Goodwin and Rorrer (2009). Credit: ACS. Click to enlarge.

Water 150

Water Hydrogen Production Conversion 150

Green Car Congress

JULY 28, 2009

Using electrolyzed water rather than harsh chemicals could be a more effective and environmentally friendly method in the pretreatment of ethanol waste products to produce an acetone-butanol-ethanol fuel mix, according to research conducted at the University of Illinois. coli on fresh fruits and vegetables. Resources. 52(3): 885-892.

Water 150

Water Waste Production Fuel 150

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 9, 2009

reported a major step forward in its development of renewable fuels, achieving direct microbial conversion of carbon dioxide into hydrocarbons via engineered organisms, powered by solar energy. In addition, Joule’s process requires just marginal, non-arable land, no crops and no fresh water. Joule Biotechnologies, Inc. Earlier post.)

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Conversion CO2 Diesel Renewable 170

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 6, 2011

Researchers from Japan and Mexico have developed a one-step hydrotreatment process over catalysts containing Ni-Mo and solid acids for the conversion of vegetable oils (Jatropha, palm and canola) to renewable diesel and LPG fuels. A paper on their work appears in the ACS journal Energy & Fuels. doi: 10.1246/cl.2009.552. 2009.552.

Oil 230

Oil Diesel Renewable Conversion 230

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 22, 2010

New Oil Resources licensed the technology (US Patent 6,180,845 ) in 2009 from Louisiana State University (LSU); the original developers of the process are Drs. New Oil Resources’ process uses near-critical water to treat the biomass in a process commonly referred to as hydrothermal liquefaction or thermal depolymerization.

Oil 199

Oil Gasoline Commercial Conversion 199

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 9, 2019

CE has been developing DAC technology since 2009 and capturing CO 2 from the atmosphere at a pilot plant in Squamish, B.C. since 2015. The DAC plants are location-independent and can be co-located with an oilfield operation for enhanced oil recovery (EOR).

Chevron 351

Chevron Carbon Fuel Companies 351

Green Car Congress

APRIL 16, 2009

Researchers at Singapore’s Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (IBN) have developed a catalytic process for the conversion of CO 2 to methanol under mild conditions (room temperature). Ying (2009) Conversion of Carbon Dioxide into Methanol with Silanes over N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalysts. Click to enlarge.

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Conversion CO2 2008 Climate Change 150

Green Car Congress

JULY 8, 2015

Geely’s CRI investment and work with renewable methanol is similar to the approach Audi is taking with its own e-fuels projects—producing very low carbon liquid or gaseous fuels using only renewable energy, water and CO 2. Earlier post.). Earlier post.)

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Renewable Carbon Water Fuel 150

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 17, 2009

Hydrogen production from cellodextrin and water by a synthetic enzymatic pathway. 2009) Click to enlarge. In 2007, the researchers had reported the development of a novel method using a combination of 13 enzymes to form an unnatural enzymatic pathway to completely convert starch and water in one reactor into hydrogen.

Water 150

Water Convert Hydrogen Virginia 150

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 26, 2009

The conversion of biomass into bio-oil using fast pyrolysis technology is a promising alternative to convert biomass into liquid products—either for direct use or for easier transport and upgrading into higher value products. Multi-stage condensation achieved a good separation of the oil fraction and water. Credit: ACS, Zhang et al.

Oil 210

Oil 2009 Water Convert 210

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 30, 2009

The resulting CO can be used to convert water to hydrogen via the water gas shift reaction. Liuqun Gu and Yugen Zhang (2009) Unexpected CO 2 Splitting Reactions To Form CO with N-Heterocyclic Carbenes as Organocatalysts and Aromatic Aldehydes as Oxygen Acceptors. Earlier post.). Article ASAP doi: 10.1021/ja909038t.

CO2 281

CO2 Climate Change Carbon Singapore 281

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 14, 2009

CTV is developing proprietary technology and catalysts for the conversion of lignin into hydrocarbon components for transportation fuels. Chevron has filed applications for two patents on processes to convert lignin to a hydrocarbon feedstock via hydroprocessing; both applications were published on 3 September 2009.

Chevron 249

Chevron Convert Fuel Supplies 249

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 13, 2010

Jackson said that EPA must follow up the progress it made in 2009 with a range of greenhouse gas reduction initiatives with ensuring compliance with the law. Protecting America’s Waters. Expanding the Conversation on Environmentalism and Working for Environmental Justice. The seven themes are: Taking Action on Climate Change.

EPA 170

EPA 2010 Climate Change Mercury 170

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 4, 2013

Butamax and Highwater have entered into definitive agreements for license of Butamax’s patented corn oil separation technology, which is an integral part of a full retrofit to biobutanol production and can also be installed independently as a first phase of the conversion. This is an important milestone for Butamax and its partners.

Gasoline 230

Gasoline Water Convert Minnesota 230

Green Car Congress

MAY 12, 2009

Plot of phenol conversion, cyclohexanol selectivity, and cyclohexanone selectivity for the aqueous-phase hydrogenation of phenol as a function of reaction time. 2009) Click to enlarge. Lercher (2009) Highly Selective Catalytic Conversion of Phenolic Bio-Oil to Alkanes. Zhao et al. Zhao et al. Zhao et al.

Oil 170

Oil Hydrogen 2009 Conversion 170

Green Car Congress

APRIL 29, 2009

More H 2 can form via the water–gas shift reaction if CO is present. Methane conversion and hydrogen yield at 550 °C. The data show several highly active catalysts (with up to 97% methane conversion), that also display high hydrogen yields (~30%). Cartoon of the proposed combined hydrogen and conventional power plant (top).

Hydrogen 150

Hydrogen Gas Power Powered 150

Green Car Congress

MAY 25, 2014

2009, earlier post. Further, open standards could increase the “food or fuel” dilemma associated to the use of first generation biofuels, i.e. biocrops, and the competition for land and water resources. Carbon Capture and Conversion (CCC) Europe Methanol Policy Wireless' Click to enlarge. Goeppert, A. and Prakash, G.

Transportation 244

Transportation CO2 Carbon Hydrogen 244

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 1, 2013

In 2009, the number of private cars owned in China exceeded the United States, resulting in it being the world’s largest auto market. The complex physical and chemical interactions between these components prevent enzymes from readily accessing the microfibrillar cellulose during the saccharification stage of its conversion into biofuel.

Gasoline 351

Gasoline China Tax London 351

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 13, 2011

Features of the process include: Feedstock flexible; Fast biomass heat up maximizes liquid yield; Hydroconversion with catalysts produces low-oxygen, low-acidity liquids; Polynuclear aromatic components are not formed; Self-sufficient process requires no supplemental water or hydrogen; and. Property comparison. Heating value. 6,560 Btu/lb.

Diesel 199

Diesel Production Gasoline Renewable 199

Green Car Congress

MAY 15, 2012

The National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) has released a follow-on study to its 2009 evaluation of the economic and environmental performance of Coal-to-Liquids (CTL) and CTL with modest amounts of biomass mixed in (15% by weight) for the production of zero-sulfure diesel fuel. Earlier post.). Will require between 1.6

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Coal Diesel Oil Prices Water 225

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 21, 2014

Distributed production options under development include reforming of bio-derived renewable liquids and electrolysis of water. Centralized renewable production options include water electrolysis integrated with renewable power generation (e.g., L/L-reactor/day hydrogen production rate, a 12.5%

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Hydrogen Renewable Carbon Production 225

Green Car Congress

MARCH 3, 2016

Researchers from George Washington University and Vanderbilt University have demonstrated the conversion of atmospheric CO 2 into carbon nanofibers (CNFs) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for use as high-performance anodes in both lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries. Earlier post.)

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Li-ion Carbon Convert Sodium 150

Green Car Congress

MAY 8, 2009

2009) Click to enlarge. The authors point out their study looked at only two criteria, kilometers travelled and greenhouse gas offsets, but did not examine the performance of electricity and ethanol for other policy-relevant criteria such as water consumption, air pollution or economic costs. “We Campbell et al. Campbell et al.

Transportation 199

Transportation Emissions Coal Climate 199

Green Car Congress

JULY 15, 2011

fertilizers, pesticides, farm machinery), energy conversion coefficients among different energy forms and sources, system boundaries, and so on. Because of the same input and output in all cases, an increase in energy conversion efficiency nearly equals impact reductions in carbon and water footprints on the environment.

Virginia 246

Virginia Fuel Hydrogen Gas-Electric 246

Green Car Congress

MAY 1, 2009

2009) Click to enlarge. Hydrogen for reverse water gas shift reaction to avoid producing CO 2 during the process is produced by electrolyzing water, driven by solar power. Hertwich and Zhang (2009). Energy conversion efficiency (%). Hertwich and Zhang (2009). Hertwich and Zhang (2009).

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Solar Molten Salt Fuel Production 186

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 11, 2010

The planar heat source is more effective than radial conduction from wellbores for the conversion of kerogen. barrels of water for each barrel of oil produced, he said. 2008) ExxonMobil’s Electrofrac Process for In Situ Oil Shale Conversion (AAPG Annual Convention & Exhibition). Click to enlarge. Symington et al.

Oil 199

Oil Gas-Electric Conversion 2005 199

Green Car Congress

JUNE 26, 2009

The Wits COMPS F-T technology, which relies on a combination of a fixed bed catalytic system and an interconnection of units implementing a one-pass process, is modular and scaleable, and offers a 20-30% lower capital cost per barrel than first-generation F-T plants, with lower requirements for water and approximately 30% less CO 2 output.

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South Africa Universal Commercial America 150

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 5, 2009

Increased cultivation of corn for ethanol, its conversion into biofuels, and the storage and use of these fuels could affect water supply, water quality, air quality, soil quality, and biodiversity, the report found. However, future movement toward cellulosic feedstocks could reduce some of these effects.

Tax Credit 170

Tax Credit Industrial Industry Tax 170

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 3, 2009

Testing will commence in Q2 2009 with a goal of achieving full-scale ethanol production in the third quarter. The MicroFueler will remove water from the waste to produce a high quality ethanol product. The MicroFueler has a distillation-only mode, which allows the conversion of discarded beer, wine or distilled drinks into ethanol.

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Sierra Nevada Waste 2009 150

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 4, 2012

Additionally, the US tar sands are hydrocarbon-wet (“oil-wet”), whereas the Canadian oil sands are water-wet. The BLM could issue a commercial lease after a lessee satisfies the conditions of its RD&D lease and meets all federal regulations for conversion to a commercial lease. Water-wet vs. oil-wet. known as bitumen.

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Oil-Sands Oil Available Commercial 252

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 15, 2009

The process also uses less than half the water per gallon than required for the production of gasoline from conventional crude, and about one-third to one-quarter of the water per gallon required for the production of gasoline from oil sands oil, Bolson said. gallons of water are required to produce one gallon of corn ethanol.

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Commercial Oil-Sands Water Gasoline 150

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 8, 2012

ARPA-E’s first FOA, issued in 2009, was a similarly open call for the most transformative energy technology solutions to the most pressing security, economic, and environmental challenges. If the final fuel/fuel precursor is not a hydrocarbon, what is the downstream efficiency of conversion to a hydrocarbon? Open Funding Opportunity.

Commercial 246

Commercial Grid Fuel Transportation 246

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 21, 2009

If we are to succeed in unlocking oil shale’s great potential, we must first answer fundamental questions about water use, power use, and environmental and social impacts of commercial-scale development. The minimum quantity of commercial production to be eligible for conversion is 10,000 bbl/day.

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Oil Commercial Oil-Sands Wyoming 170