Green Car Congress

APRIL 2, 2012

The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has submitted its final Report to Congress on Black Carbon , in response to an October 2009 request from Congress to advance efforts to understand the role of black carbon (BC) in climate change. —Report to Congress on Black Carbon. Report to Congress on Black Carbon.

Congress 252

Congress EPA Carbon Emissions 252

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 30, 2009

In particular, the study led by Drew Shindell found that methane emissions have a larger warming impact due to those interactions than accounted for in current carbon-trading schemes or in the Kyoto Protocol. And hydroxyls drive long chains of reactions involving other common gases, including ozone. Shindell et al.

Climate Change 268

Climate Change Climate Ozone Pollution 268

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 14, 2009

2009), reproduced from Ramanathan and Feng (2008) Click to enlarge. Cutting HFCs, black carbon, tropospheric ozone, and methane can buy us about 40 years before we approach the dangerous threshold of 2°C warming. —co-author HFCs are powerful greenhouse gases originally developed as substitutes for ozone-depleting chemicals.

Climate Change 186

Climate Change Climate Pollution Ozone 186

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 25, 2009

Significant climate anomalies 2008/2009. Ocean acidification caused by the absorption of carbon dioxide in seawater is already increasing along the California coast decades earlier than existing models predict. Source: Climate Change Compendium. Click to enlarge. Earlier post.). Ecosystems.

Climate Change 260

Climate Change Climate 2007 Ozone 260

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 22, 2011

Carbon dioxide accounted for 80% of this increase. After water vapor, the three most prevalent long-lived greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide. Between 2009 and 2010, its atmospheric abundance increased by 2.3 It also plays an important role in the destruction of the stratospheric ozone layer.

2010 199

2010 Industry Industrial Ozone 199

Green Car Congress

MARCH 8, 2013

Mobile air conditioning systems are the single most important source of fluorinated greenhouse gases, due mainly to high emissions during their operation and their large numbers, noted Germany’s Umweltbundesamt in a 2009 publication on CO 2 systems. R1234yf (GWP = 4) ( earlier post ) is also a class A2 refrigerant. Craig, and James A.

Future 311

Future CO2 2009 Climate 311

Green Car Congress

MAY 16, 2014

Achieving our long-term climate goal and 2032 ozone standards will require a much deeper penetration of ZEVs into the fleet. Furthermore, commercially available technologies, such as fuel efficient passenger vehicle tires, can be utilized by both new and in-use vehicles in the near-term to achieve GHG emission reductions.

Climate Change 218

Climate Change Climate California Ozone 218

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 4, 2013

Emissions of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons were also significantly below required 2010 levels: 97% and more than 99.9%, respectively. g/hp-hr between 2007 and 2009 to a level less than or equal to 0.20 The study, the Phase 2 Report of the comprehensive Advanced Collaborative Emissions Study (ACES). Background. g/hp-hr in 2010.

Diesel 296

Diesel Emissions 2004 San Antonio 296

Green Car Congress

MARCH 27, 2010

Those vertical movements provide a pathway for black carbon, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and other pollutants to ascend into the stratosphere, about 20-25 miles above the Earth’s surface. This could explain satellite measurements showing high levels of stratospheric ozone, water vapor and other chemicals over Asia during summer.

Pollution 246

Pollution Asia Ozone Indonesia 246

Green Car Congress

MAY 1, 2018

The researchers analyzed extensive satellite and ground-based measurements of nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide. They found that levels of pollutants that can contribute to the formation of ground-level ozone, or smog, have failed to continue a fairly steady decline as estimated by the US Environmental Protection Agency.

Emissions 150

Emissions Ozone Pollution EPA 150

Green Car Congress

APRIL 1, 2009

Among the direct transportation-related provisions in the extensive package are a low-carbon fuel standard for all transportation fuels; financial support for large scale demonstrations of electric vehicles; and financial support for automakers retooling plants to make electric vehicles. Carbon Capture and Sequestration.

Climate 186

Climate Standards Carbon California 186

Green Car Congress

APRIL 19, 2013

Volatile organic compounds (VOC), which include hydrocarbons, are major air pollutants as well as precursors of harmful compounds such as tropospheric ozone and secondary organic aerosols. compounds containing 2-12 carbon atoms) are mainly produced by automobiles, a conclusion in line with previous findings.

Los Angeles 225

Los Angeles Pollution Gasoline Engine 225

Green Car Congress

APRIL 2, 2009

The on-road transportation (ORT) and power generation (PG) sectors are major contributors to CO 2 emissions and a host of short-lived radiatively-active air pollutants, including tropospheric ozone and fine aerosol particles, that exert complex influences on global climate. 2009) Click to enlarge. Unger et al. Click to enlarge.

Climate 150

Climate Emissions Transportation Climate Change 150

Green Car Congress

APRIL 22, 2009

They can also be used as intermediates for the chemical synthesis of more complex carbon compounds such as fuel hydrocarbons. fermentans for carbon and energy, and A. Voigt (2009) J. CH 3 I production from cellulosic feedstocks using a microbial co-culture. cerevisiae uses to produce methyl halides. Adapted from Bayer et al.

Engine 150

Engine Fuel San Francisco Convert 150

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 9, 2009

Isoprene, a five-carbon diene formed naturally in plants and animals and a precursor of ozone, contributes more than 40% of these emissions. Global simulations show an enormous flux—nearly 100 teragrams of carbon per year—of these epoxides to the atmosphere. Kleindienst (2009) Epoxying Isoprene Chemistry. Paulot et al.

Climate 150

Climate New Zealand Denmark 2009 150

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 19, 2009

Here, RME show advantages for primary energy and GHG, but disadvantages in terms of acidification, eutrophication and ozone depletion. This is mainly as a result of carbon releases from the soils and land. Rapeseed biodiesel as an example of the varied environmental impacts of a particular biofuel. Source: “Assessing Biofuels”.

Ozone 186

Ozone Water Emissions Oil 186

Green Car Congress

JUNE 9, 2009

Chester and Horvath (2009). Chester and Horvath (2009). Mikhail Chester and Arpad Horvath inventoried on-road, rail, and air travel to determine energy consumption, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and criteria air pollutant (CAP) emissions (excluding PM, lead, and ozone due to lack of data). Click to enlarge.

Light 150

Light Emissions Energy Boston 150

Green Car Congress

MAY 2, 2016

They collected 160 samples on 38 days between February and September 2009 at a curbside and an urban background station in the urban/industrial Ruhr area. A 2014 study by Weinbruch et al. The traffic/exhaust component consisted predominantly of externally mixed soot particles and soot internally mixed with secondary particles.

Exhaust 278

Exhaust Emissions Belgium Gasoline-Electric 278

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 2, 2009

From: Geoengineering the Climate (2009) Click to enlarge. Unless emissions of carbon dioxide can be greatly reduced—i.e., The report assesses the two main kinds of geoengineering techniques: Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) and Solar Radiation Management (SRM).

Climate Change 186

Climate Change Climate Price International 186

Cars That Think

DECEMBER 16, 2022

Eliza Strickland: Man-made climate change is already reshaping our planet, and carbon emissions aren’t coming down fast enough to stave off real disaster in the decades to come. Strickland: Why don’t you focus on just cutting carbon emissions? Transcript. So those are really important, and those are a little bit different.

Climate 102

Climate Mariner IDEA Carbon 102

Cars That Think

SEPTEMBER 7, 2021

Take, for example, the tens of thousands of fossil-fueled ships that chug across the ocean, spewing plumes of pollutants that contribute to acid rain, ozone depletion, respiratory ailments, and global warming. As we confront the enormous challenge of climate change, we should take inspiration from even the most unlikely sources.

Climate 145

Climate Climate Change Solar Mariner 145

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 21, 2009

Reducing emissions of black carbon soot and ground-level ozone would quickly make a considerable dent in the climate change problem and would also contribute to public health and protect crop yields, according to an essay in the September/October issue of Foreign Affairs. Besides a danger to breathe, ozone lowers crop yields.

Ozone 262

Ozone Climate Change Climate Carbon 262

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 10, 2018

High levels of air pollutants, especially fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) and to a lesser extent, ozone, may be linked to a heightened risk of developing mouth cancer, suggests a study by a team of Taiwanese researchers. Diagnoses of mouth cancer were then linked to local area readings for air pollutants taken in 2009.

Ozone 255

Ozone Pollution Taiwan 2009 255

Green Car Congress

MARCH 17, 2010

In a new study published online 10 March in the ACS journal Environmental Science and Technology , however, Stanford University professor Mark Jacobson finds that local CO 2 emissions in isolation may increase local ozone and particulate matter. Not all carbon dioxide emissions are equal. Jacobson, 2010. Mark Jacobson.

Ozone 218

Ozone Los Angeles Pollution CO2 218

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 13, 2012

A study by an international team of researchers, led by Drew Shindell of NASA’s Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) in New York City, has identified 14 measures targeting methane and black carbon (BC) emissions that could reduce projected global mean warming ~0.5°C All 14 would curb the release of either black carbon or methane.

Carbon 257

Carbon Ozone Emissions International 257

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 11, 2014

The update identifies eight key sectors for ongoing action: Energy; Transportation, fuels, land use and infrastructure; Agriculture; Water; Waste management; Natural lands; Short-Lived Climate Pollutants (such as methane and black carbon); and Green Buildings. Background.

Transportation 273

Transportation Emissions California Ozone 273

Green Car Congress

APRIL 3, 2009

A few studies also include other relevant impact indicators as acidification potential, eutrophication potential, ozone depletion potential and various toxicity potentials. More specifically, only one third of the studies define an alternative land use reference system and calculate the carbon stock. Menichetti and Otto. Bringezu, M.

Conversion 150

Conversion Water Emissions 2009 150