Green Car Congress

JULY 25, 2009

Exposure to ozone at levels currently deemed safe by the NAAQS clean air standards can have a significant and negative effect on lung function, according to researchers at the University of California, Davis. The previous primary and secondary standards were identical 8-hour standards, set at 0.08 Earlier post.).

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Ozone Standards Clean Cleaning 186

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JULY 9, 2009

Researchers in France have found that ozone depletion above Antarctica has significantly reduced the Southern Ocean’s ability to absorb atmospheric CO 2 and has also accelerated acidification of southern polar waters, despite lesser CO 2 uptake. The results revealed that, between 1987 and 2004, around 2.3 Lenton, A., Tagliabue, and J.

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Ozone Carbon 2004 Climate 150

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JULY 10, 2009

Through a recent modeling experiment, a team of NASA-funded researchers have found that future concentrations of carbon dioxide and ozone in the atmosphere and of nitrogen in the soil are likely to have an important but overlooked effect on the cycling of water from sky to land to waterways. Cronin, J. Melillo, D. Kicklighter, C.

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Ozone Water CO2 MIT 186

Green Car Congress

JULY 24, 2009

A) shows the base case peak concentrations for O 3 (ozone), ClNO and HCl in parts-per-billion by volume (ppbv). (B) 2009) Click to enlarge. This reaction is not included in computer models used to predict air pollution levels and the effectiveness of ozone control strategies. Raff et al. Raff et al. Jonathan D. Chang, Mark S.

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Ozone Pollution 2009 Coal 150

Green Car Congress

MARCH 17, 2010

In a new study published online 10 March in the ACS journal Environmental Science and Technology , however, Stanford University professor Mark Jacobson finds that local CO 2 emissions in isolation may increase local ozone and particulate matter. Although the health impacts of such changes are uncertain, he notes, they are of concern.

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Ozone Los Angeles Pollution CO2 218

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 15, 2020

Under the proposed settlement, lodged with the US District Court for the District of Columbia, Daimler will recall and repair the emissions systems in Mercedes-Benz diesel vehicles sold in the United States between 2009 and 2016 and pay $875 million in civil penalties and roughly $70.3 million in other penalties.

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District of Columbia Emissions Diesel Mercedes 286

Green Car Congress

MAY 1, 2018

They found that levels of pollutants that can contribute to the formation of ground-level ozone, or smog, have failed to continue a fairly steady decline as estimated by the US Environmental Protection Agency. These results show that meeting future air quality standards for ozone pollution will be more challenging than previously thought.

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Emissions Ozone Pollution EPA 150

Green Car Congress

APRIL 29, 2011

This year’s report finds that the majority of American cities most-polluted by ozone (smog) or year-round particle pollution (soot) have improved, showing continued progress in the cleanup of toxics under the requirements of the Clean Air Act. When ozone is inhaled, it irritates the lungs. 10 Most Ozone-Polluted Cities.

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Los Angeles Ozone Long Beach Fresno 220

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 10, 2011

This is slightly higher than the 2009 AGGI, which was 1.27—i.e., It also includes several chemicals known to deplete Earth’s protective ozone layer, which are also active as greenhouse gases. Methane measured 1794 ppb in 2009, and 1714 ppb in 1990. Started in 2004, the AGGI reached 1.29 in 2010—i.e., —i.e.,

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2010 Gas Ozone 2004 199

Green Car Congress

JULY 19, 2013

Details of each of the three cases are as follows: Chevron paid $205,000 for supplying more than 385,000 gallons of gasoline in violation of California reformulated gasoline regulations between mid-June 2009 and Aug. Dispensed from Chevron terminals in Sacramento and San Jose, the fuel did not contain adequate amounts of ethanol.

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Chevron California San Jose Fuel 230

Green Car Congress

JUNE 27, 2014

After ten years in orbit, the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) on NASA’s Aura satellite has been in orbit sufficiently long to show that people in major US cities are breathing less nitrogen dioxide. They show how nitrogen dioxide concentrations during spring and summer months, averaged from 2005-2007, compare to the average from 2009-2011.

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Ozone Maryland Aura Pollution 210

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 13, 2012

Methane is both a potent greenhouse gas and an important precursor to ground-level ozone. Ozone, a key component of smog and also a greenhouse gas, damages crops and human health. Tropospheric ozone and black carbon (BC) contribute to degraded air quality and global warming.

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Carbon Ozone Emissions International 257

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 17, 2013

Between 2009 and 2011, up to 96% of city dwellers were exposed to fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) concentrations above WHO guidelines and up to 98% were exposed to ozone (O 3 ) levels above WHO guidelines. —“Air Quality in Europe 2013 Report”.

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Pollution 2002 Ozone 2011 223

Green Car Congress

MAY 16, 2014

Achieving our long-term climate goal and 2032 ozone standards will require a much deeper penetration of ZEVs into the fleet. Deployment of fuel efficient vehicle tires for in-use vehicles could include limited incentives, followed by ratings and then standard setting to permanently shift the market.

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Climate Change Climate California Ozone 218

Green Car Congress

JUNE 23, 2009

Global ozone-depleting substances (ODSs) and HFC emissions (A), global CO 2 and HFC emissions (B), and ODS, HFC, and CO 2 global RF (C) for the period 2000–2050. 2009) Click to enlarge. These HFCs, gases used in refrigerators and air conditioners, are substitutes for ozone-depleting gases, but they are also strong greenhouse gases.

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Global Ozone Micronesia Mauritius 150

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 14, 2009

2009), reproduced from Ramanathan and Feng (2008) Click to enlarge. HFCs are powerful greenhouse gases originally developed as substitutes for ozone-depleting chemicals. The Montreal Protocol has already delayed climate change by seven to 12 years, and put the ozone layer on the path to recovery later this century. Ramanathan.

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Climate Change Climate Pollution Ozone 186

Green Car Congress

JULY 4, 2010

Researchers at North Carolina State University are developing an ozone-based pre-treatment technique (ozonolysis) to release sugars from the energy grass miscanthus for production into renewable fuels or chemicals with minimal generation of chemical waste streams and degradation of the carbohydrate components. García-Cubero et al.

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Ozone North Carolina Energy 2010 170

Green Car Congress

MARCH 29, 2017

Results from CHIE studies are used to inform the periodic review of National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for common pollutants, such as ozone and particulate matter (PM), and advise other policy decisions. 2009 to Oct. Out of the 845 intentional pollutant exposures conducted at EPA’s study facility from Jan.

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Pollution Ozone EPA San Francisco 150

Green Car Congress

JUNE 29, 2009

The research, to be presented by Dr Ros Gleadow on 29 June 2009 at the Society for Experimental Biology Annual Meeting in Glasgow, has shown that the concentration of cyanogenic glycosides, which break down to release toxic hydrogen cyanide, increased in plants in elevated CO 2. High Ozone Decreases Yield. Dr Gleadow.

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Ozone CO2 Climate Universal 150

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MAY 16, 2011

More findings from the CalNex research on a variety of subjects, from the formation of ozone to the interactions of particles and clouds, are being presented at a four-day workshop May 16 through 19 in Sacramento, California.

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Pollution California Clean Cleaning 186

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 30, 2009

And hydroxyls drive long chains of reactions involving other common gases, including ozone. That’s noteworthy because nitrogen oxides have primarily been associated with ozone formation and warming in the past. Bauer (2009) Improved Attribution of Climate Forcing to Emissions. Shindell, D.T., Faluvegi, D.M. Schmidt, N.

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Climate Change Climate Ozone Pollution 268

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DECEMBER 4, 2013

g/hp-hr between 2007 and 2009 to a level less than or equal to 0.20 Background. In 2010, EPA’s stringent NO x limit of 0.20 g/hp-hr became fully enforceable; the NO x emissions limit decreased from an average level of 1.2 g/hp-hr in 2010.

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Diesel Emissions 2004 San Antonio 296

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DECEMBER 10, 2016

Between 2009 and 2013, transthoracic echocardiography including an evaluation of pulmonary pressure was conducted in 16,295 individuals and correlated with average air pollution in Brussels on the same day and in the last five and ten days. and ozone on pulmonary circulation on the same day and over five and ten days.

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Pollution 2016 Exhaust Ozone 150

Green Car Congress

APRIL 2, 2009

The on-road transportation (ORT) and power generation (PG) sectors are major contributors to CO 2 emissions and a host of short-lived radiatively-active air pollutants, including tropospheric ozone and fine aerosol particles, that exert complex influences on global climate. 2009) Click to enlarge. Unger et al. Click to enlarge.

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Climate Emissions Transportation Climate Change 150

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APRIL 19, 2013

Volatile organic compounds (VOC), which include hydrocarbons, are major air pollutants as well as precursors of harmful compounds such as tropospheric ozone and secondary organic aerosols. The research is published in the journal Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres.

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Los Angeles Pollution Gasoline Engine 225

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 13, 2010

Jackson said that EPA must follow up the progress it made in 2009 with a range of greenhouse gas reduction initiatives with ensuring compliance with the law. The seven themes are: Taking Action on Climate Change. Improving Air Quality.

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EPA 2010 Climate Change Mercury 170

Green Car Congress

JULY 18, 2010

A 2009 evaluation of geoengineering techniques by the Royal Society concluded that stratospheric aerosols could be highly effective and affordable, although there are questions over adverse effects. From: Geoengineering the Climate (2009) Click to enlarge. Earlier post.). Evaluating candidate particles.

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Climate Engine Ozone Solar 199

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 25, 2009

Significant climate anomalies 2008/2009. A new climate modeling system, forecasting average temperatures over a decade by combining natural variation with the impacts of human-induced climate change, projects that at least half of the 10 years following 2009 will exceed the warmest year currently on record. Click to enlarge.

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Climate Change Climate 2007 Ozone 259

Green Cars News

JULY 27, 2009

New blog post: Ozone concentrations can impair healthy lungs [link] #. New blog post: Honda introduces flex fuel car in Brazil [link] #. New blog post: Ford Australia aims to boost efficiency [link] #. New blog post: Hyundai plans green growth investment [link] #. New blog post: Details of Ford’s green car strategy [link] #.

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2009 Ozone Green Cars Climate Change 32

Green Car Congress

MARCH 27, 2010

This could explain satellite measurements showing high levels of stratospheric ozone, water vapor and other chemicals over Asia during summer. Satellite records from 2004 to 2009 showed a pattern of increases in the chemical’s presence in the stratosphere each summer, correlating with the timing of the monsoon.

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Pollution Asia Indonesia Ozone 246

Green Car Congress

JUNE 3, 2010

This calculation, as with the other energy-related sources of CO 2 emissions in the report, is based on updates of the US Energy Information Administration’s AEO 2009 report. The report attributes the relatively slow growth forecast for CO 2 emissions to increasing use of renewable energy and policies implemented to increase efficiency.

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Climate 2020 Emissions Climate Change 199

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 5, 2016

In a bid to clarify this, the researchers tracked the health outcomes up until the end of 2011 of more than 352,000 people newly diagnosed with lung cancer between 1988 and 2009, and whose details had been entered into the US California Cancer Registry. Their average age at diagnosis was 69. years, falling to 1.3

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Pollution 2016 Ozone California 150

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 11, 2014

Many of the strategies employed to reduce GHG emissions will also work to meet the national ambient air quality standard for ozone in 2032. However, to achieve the needed transportation GHG reductions and the corresponding 2032 ozone standards, the market uptake of advanced technologies will need to be accelerated. Low-Carbon Fuels.

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Transportation Emissions California Ozone 273

Green Car Congress

JULY 19, 2009

ozone, PM) problems may be less pressing. Rasdorf (2009) Life Cycle Inventory Energy Consumption and Emissions for Biodiesel versus Petroleum Diesel Fueled Construction Vehicles. Further studies are needed to improve confidence in vehicle emission factors, which were a key source of uncertainty in LCI emissions, are needed. Pang et al.

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Pollution Vehicles North Carolina Diesel 150

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 14, 2015

While early R&D was largely component-based, as a result of US Department of Energy (DOE) American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) funds in 2009, 21CTP was able to fund four SuperTruck projects. A second truck has doubled fuel economy from a 2009 baseline of 6.1 gallons per 1,000 ton-miles for the 2009 baseline.

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MPG Miles 2009 Fuel 150

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 28, 2009

Currently, anthropogenic N 2 O emissions represent the largest contribution to ozone depletion. The study, published online 27 August in the journal Science , for the first time evaluated nitrous oxide emissions from human activities in terms of their potential impact on Earth’s ozone layer. Source: Ravishankara et al. The team, A.R.

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Ozone Emissions 2009 Climate 150

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APRIL 1, 2009

The global market for rocket launches may require more stringent regulation in order to prevent significant damage to Earth’s stratospheric ozone layer in the decades to come, according to a new study by researchers in California and Colorado. Darin Toohey.

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Ozone Los Angeles Colorado Corporation 150