Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 28, 2012

the developer of a process for harvesting algae and cleaning up oil & gas water, announced that its second original equipment manufacturer’s (OEM) agreement will target oil service companies in the Canadian oil sands market. LH was an early private investor in Athabasca Oil Corporation. OriginOil, Inc.,

Oil-Sands 225

Oil-Sands Oil Clean Cleaning 225

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 21, 2009

The US State Department has issued a Presidential Permit to Enbridge Energy, Limited Partnership to enable construction of the Alberta Clipper pipeline for the transport of crude oil from the Canadian oil sands to US refineries. This week, the RFA happened to issue two pieces, each touching on the impact of oil sands production.

Oil-Sands 220

Oil-Sands Oil Wisconsin United States 220

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 20, 2011

Worldwide energy consumption will grow by 53% between 2008 and 2035 with much of the increase driven by strong economic growth in the developing nations, especially China and India, according to the reference case in the newly released International Energy Outlook 2011 (IEO2011) from the US Energy Information Administration (EIA).

Oil-Sands 220

Oil-Sands Oil 2008 Oil Prices 220

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 16, 2013

Hydrogen is necessary in the upgrading of oil sands bitumen into synthetic crude, but it is a costly and carbon-intensive part of the process, given current hydrogen production technologies. MSG converts natural gas into hydrogen with a 23% reduction in GHG emissions compared to steam methane reforming. will receive a $C1.5-million

Molten Salt 231

Molten Salt Oil-Sands Hydrogen Oil 231

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 26, 2011

Comparison of the percent differential for WTW (well-to-wheel) GHGs from gasoline produced from WCSB oil sands using different production processes relative to gasoline produced from reference crudes. The proposed Project is not likely to impact the amount of crude oil produced from the oil sands.

Oil-Sands 253

Oil-Sands Emissions Oil Oklahoma 253

Green Car Congress

MAY 1, 2009

Companies in the Fort McMurray area that upgrade bitumen from the oil-sands to synthetic crude currently produce off-gas containing approximately 90,000 barrels per day of natural gas liquids and olefins from oil-sands production. Alan Armstrong , president of Williams’ midstream ’.

Oil-Sands 150

Oil-Sands Oil Canada Gas 150

Green Car Congress

MARCH 2, 2013

The US Department of State (DOS) has released its Draft Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement (SEIS) in response to TransCanada’s May 2012 application for the Keystone XL pipeline that would run from Canada’s oils sands in Alberta to Nebraska. The pipeline would primarily transport crude oil from the WCSB and Bakken regions.

Climate Change 250

Climate Change Oil-Sands Nebraska Climate 250

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 17, 2013

Estimated inventories of methane emissions from the natural gas production sector, excluding processing and transmission. Found that the majority of hydraulically fractured well completions, which were sampled during the study, had equipment in place that reduces methane emissions by 99%. Source: UT Austin. Click to enlarge.

Austin 218

Austin Gas Emissions Production 218

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 11, 2012

Contributions of regions to total life cycle emissions for three fuels (µg per vehicle-mile traveled per km 2 land area). Dashed lines show US average emissions. Associated tailpipe emissions alone account for 40?60% Credit: ACS, Tessum et al. Click to enlarge. —Tessum et al.

Gasoline 236

Gasoline Emissions Gasoline-Electric Pollution 236

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 9, 2018

EST completely converts refinery residues, heavy oils and bitumen into high-quality light products, eliminating the production of both liquid and solid refinery residues (for example, pet-coke or fuel oil). The elimination of pet-coke production is part of global efforts to contain CO 2 emissions. 614-622.

Oil 150

Oil Convert Light Oil-Sands 150

Green Car Congress

APRIL 26, 2010

Article 7a of the directive says lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions from transport fuels must be reduced by 6% by 2020, a move environmental NGOs welcomed when it was agreed upon two years ago. Fuels produced from highly greenhouse-gas-intensive tar sands would thus be treated the same as less damaging sources of oil.

Oil-Sands 199

Oil-Sands Fuel Canada Sierra 199

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 19, 2011

In both the base-case and a scenario with more aggressive environmental policies, CO 2 emissions from energy use remain well above the IEA 450 scenario. However, both cases result in global CO 2 emissions well above the IEA 450 scenario—a back-cast which illustrates what is required to stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations at 450 ppm.

Energy 210

Energy Economy Global Oil-Sands 210

Green Car Congress

APRIL 11, 2011

Decomposition of greenhouse gas emission in transportation (A), relevant actors (B), and corresponding policy instruments (C). volume and GHG-based fuel standards) to achieve reductions in greenhouse gas emissions from on-road transportation need to evolve towards energy-intensity-based fuel standards (e.g., Creutzig et al.

Transportation 225

Transportation Emissions Carbon Standards 225

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 29, 2015

XPRIZE Chairman and CEO Peter Diamandis competition the $20-million NRG COSIA Carbon XPRIZE , a competition to address CO 2 emissions from fossil fuels. According to the International Energy Agency, 82% of the world’s energy supply is derived from fossil fuels. —Sicily Dickenson, chief marketing officer, NRG.

Conversion 150

Conversion CO2 Production Oil-Sands 150

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 15, 2013

Energy-related CO 2 emissions. Market forces and emerging public policies will continue to have an impact on energy-related carbon dioxide emissions. China will see the largest increase—more than 4 million oil-equivalent barrels per day. Source: ExxonMobil. Click to enlarge. liters per 100 km) compared to 24 mpg (9.8

Oil-Sands 309

Oil-Sands Energy Hybrid Sale 309

Green Car Congress

APRIL 15, 2013

A University of Arizona-led international research team has developed a simple process for making lightweight plastics from elemental sulfur; the team has successfully used a new polymeric sulfur produced via the process as an electrode material for lithium-sulfur batteries. Battery cycling data for poly(S-r-DIB) (10 wt% DIB, C/10 rate).

Oil-Sands 225

Oil-Sands Batteries Battery Arizona 225

Green Car Congress

JULY 2, 2013

In contrast to arguments that peak conventional oil production is imminent due to physical resource scarcity, a team from Stanford University and UC Santa Cruz has examined the alternative possibility of reduced oil use due to improved efficiency and oil substitution. 2010, to above 140 $/bbl in constant 2010 dollars).

Oil 207

Oil Oil-Sands Fuel Economy Transportation 207

Green Car Congress

MAY 27, 2009

Projected growth in world carbon dioxide emissions. World carbon dioxide emissions are projected to rise from 29.0 The IEO2009 reference case does not include specific policies to limit greenhouse gas emissions. In 2006, non-OECD emissions exceeded OECD emissions by 14%. Source: IEO2009. Click to enlarge.

2006 150

2006 Emissions Energy Oil-Sands 150

Green Car Congress

JULY 30, 2012

The vehicle specifications have been updated to include three vehicle types: a passenger car, a sport utility vehicle, and a pick-up truck and five vehicle propulsion technologies: an internal combustion engine vehicle with a spark-ignition (SI) engine, a grid-independent hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) with an SI engine, a plug-in HEV (i.e.,

Li-ion 225

Li-ion Oil-Sands Batteries Battery 225

Green Car Congress

JUNE 23, 2011

Chevron’s focus on optimizing the thermal management of the Kern River field has resulted in a steady drop in the steam:oil ratio (barrels steam water per barrel oil), resulting in improved economics of the field even with slowly declining production. Data: California DOGGR. Click to enlarge. Source: Chevron. Click to enlarge.

Chevron 244

Chevron Oil Oil-Sands Production 244

Green Car Congress

JUNE 5, 2010

A main component to help the algae grow will be carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel combustion. For dewatering the company has agreements in place with two technology providers and, through inVentures, has access to an organic sieve technology for removing water from the algae oil. Carbon2Algae (C2A). Dr. O’Leary.

Canada 286

Canada Oil-Sands Mariner Oil 286

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 20, 2015

Based on Anellotech’s innovative proprietary CFP technology, patents licensed from the University of Massachusetts-Amherst, and Axens’ proprietary post-treatment hydrotreating process, this new technology will open the way to a competitive production of bio-aromatics from renewable resources with lower energy consumption and lower CO 2 emissions.

2019 150

2019 Industrial Industry Production 150

EV Central

JULY 20, 2022

Yes, it is admirable that the ACT is the first Australian jurisdiction to announce plans to phase out internal-combustion engines, and that it is following the lead of the EU, which plans to do the same thing by the same year. The ACT was also the first to have a public hydrogen refuelling station.

Oil-Sands 98

Oil-Sands Petrol Buy Purchase 98

Green Car Congress

JULY 28, 2009

Optimal use of clean energy is especially important in Alberta, the Canadian province with the highest amount of thermally generated power in Canada and also home to the majority of oil-sands production. More than 90% of electricity in Alberta is produced by methods that emit greenhouse gases: burning coal, oil or natural gas.

PHEV 170

PHEV Wind Universal Oil-Sands 170

Green Car Congress

JUNE 8, 2019

Fresh air is used in addition to oil and water to cool the turbocharger. The concept is based on the principles and experience gained with the cooling for the internally mounted turbochargers of the current AMG 4.0-liter Complex interior geometries can be realized with the help of enclosed sand cores. NANOSLIDE cylinder coating.

Mercedes 277

Mercedes Exhaust Oil-Sands Engine 277

Green Car Congress

MARCH 14, 2011

The large number of new vehicle fuels and technologies being developed to meet market and legislative pressure for improved efficiency and reduced emissions offer major opportunities for progress, according to a new report published by the Special Committee on Emerging Technologies (SCET) of the Health Effects Institute ( HEI ). Source: HEI.

Fuel 170

Fuel Vehicles Emissions Oil-Sands 170

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 10, 2014

ExxonMobil’s Outlook for Energy projects that carbon-based fuels will continue to meet about three quarters of global energy needs through 2040—a finding consistent with many projections, including those made by the International Energy Agency.

Energy 252

Energy Global 2010 Oil-Sands 252

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 4, 2010

The parties proposing to develop the Mackenzie Gas Project are: Imperial Oil Resources Limited (IORL); Imperial Oil Resources Ventures Limited (IORVL); Shell Canada Limited as managing partner of Shell Canada Energy; ConocoPhillips Canada (North) Limited and ConocoPhillips Northern Partnership; ExxonMobil Canada Properties; and.

Canada 170

Canada Gas Oil-Sands Climate Change 170

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 1, 2014

Incremental well-to-wheels GHG emissions from WCSB Oil Sands Crudes Compared to Well-to-Wheels GHG Emissions from Displacing Reference Crudes Click to enlarge. Domestic production of crude oil has increased significantly, from approximately 5.5 That portion of the pipeline has already been built. million bpd.

Oil-Sands 220

Oil-Sands Nebraska Oil Montana 220

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 29, 2009

At issue is the 2012 expiration of the Kyoto Protocol, a binding but effectively unenforceable 1997 treaty that had set greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction targets for 40 industrialized countries, referred to as Annex 1 countries, yielding an average GHG reduction of 5.2%

Climate 236

Climate Climate Change 2009 Emissions 236

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 25, 2011

The study also highlights the potential for blending GTL diesel in refineries with heavy crudes that require severe hydrotreating, such as Venezuelan heavy crude oil or bitumen derived from Canadian oil sands and/or in jurisdictions with tight aromatic specifications for diesel, such as California.

Diesel 290

Diesel Emissions Oil-Sands Production 290

Green Car Congress

JULY 19, 2012

Very broadly, they found that an LCFS would buffer the economy against global oil price spikes, trim demand for petroleum, and lessen upward pressure on gas prices. It is also premised on the use of life-cycle measurements of GHG emissions, to assure that emissions are regulated effectively and scientifically.

Carbon 247

Carbon Oil-Sands Standards Design 247

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 11, 2011

While oil will remain the most widely used fuel, overall energy demand will be reshaped by a continued shift toward less-carbon-intensive energy source as well as steep improvements in energy efficiency in areas such as transportation, where the expanded use of advanced and hybrid vehicles will help push average new-car fuel economy to 48 mpg (4.9

Personal 408

Personal Global Transportation Fuel 408

Green Car Congress

APRIL 13, 2009

The increased combustion efficiency and control helps to reduce emissions, particularly during cold starts, which is when the bulk of emissions are created. This design supports improved performance, emissions and fuel economy over the previous combustion system. In contrast, the previous 2.4L

Gasoline 170

Gasoline Engine Oil-Sands Saturn 170

Cars That Think

DECEMBER 24, 2023

Importantly, the nanofluids are engineered to remain suspended indefinitely, unlike other suspensions—for instance, sand in water. The particles can compose up to 80 percent of the liquid’s weight while leaving it no more viscous than motor oil. Lithium-ion batteries are a mature technology and have a developed market.

Lithium Ion 145

Lithium Ion Batteries Battery Li-ion 145

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 29, 2013

Key advances for Gen 3 are in weight reduction, friction reduction, and the internal exhaust cooling system. to conform to future emissions standards, particularly the stringent EU6 standard which will be mandatory in Europe in 2015. One of the keys to this improved performance and fuel economy is the reduction of internal friction.

2014 331

2014 Engine Exhaust Fuel Economy 331

Green Car Congress

MARCH 27, 2013

Chrysler introduced the new 2014 Jeep Cherokee mid-size SUV at the New York International Auto Show. Consequently, the 9 speed features contribute to reduced fuel consumption and lower CO 2 emissions versus a six-speed automatic transmission. Five customized settings are offered: Auto, Snow, Sport, Sand/Mud and Rock.

Jeep 294

Jeep 2014 MPG Chrysler 294