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This brief analysis examines the relative cost of the energy from milk and gasoline. Therefore, the cost of 1,000 Btu from conventional whole milk was $0.37. Therefore, the cost of 1,000 Btu from regular gasoline was $0.02. by Michael Sivak, Sivak Applied Research. A cup of whole milk contains 150 Calories of energy. per gallon.
A team at Monsanto and colleagues at AVL Powertrain have successfully designed and demonstrated an onboard low-temperature ethanol reformer that can be driven by exhaust heat. Many papers have described high-temperature steam reforming of ethanol at around 600 °C but.this temperature is too high to be driven by engine exhaust.
Hybrid Electric Turbocharger for Exhaust Energy Recovery and Transient Lag Reduction. NexTech Materials of Lewis Center, Ohio, has developed a new diesel engine exhaust NO x sensing technology that is able to rapidly and selectively measure nitrogen oxides in diesel engine exhaust streams. Lead organization. Description.
This may happen, for example, when a vehicle is pulling a heavy boat up a hill. While the findings were not unexpected, they serve as a reminder of how drivers can save money by taking simple measures.
Their SOFC system can be operated without consuming the anode fuel (a reductant) at temperatures near that of the engine exhaust to eliminate the need for reductant refilling and extra heating. The NO x concentration in the exhaust of an automotive gasoline engine with spark ignition can be as high as 4000 ppm. —Huang et al.
The trial will cost $1.175 million. The estimated cost of the full transition to zero-emission buses (including EV and hydrogen) is expected to cost between $150 million to $200 million. The bus is fitted with a Ballard fuel cell and ZF drive system. It has a range of some 400 km (249 miles).
Adding these TRUs comes after an exhaustive 4-month pilot testing the equipment through a variety of conditions with the intention to replace diesel-powered TRUs. When we look at it from an operational standpoint, we’re not changing anything, but it gives us a fresh look at running our operations and finding additional efficiencies.
This feature also delivers the sociability benefits that contractors are looking for by reducing on-site noise and exhaust emissions. The efficient SCR technology means that cooled exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) is not needed on the engine. Fuel savings should be between 5 and 10% but could be higher based on the machine duty cycle.
—Prof Green To implement such a design, the team aims to modify the truck’s powertrain to allow onboard hydrogen release from the LOHCs, using waste heat from the engine exhaust to power the dehydrogenation process. Proposed process flow diagram for onboard dehydrogenation.
Newly-developed exhaust gas aftertreatment system. The exhaust gas aftertreatment system, which has been completely revamped and adapted to the new combustion and control system of the OM 471, also helps improve fuel efficiency. PowerShift Advanced and Top Torque.
EPA will fund: Verified Exhaust Control Technologies: EPA will fund up to 100% of the cost of eligible verified exhaust control technologies. Verified/Certified Engine Upgrades: EPA will fund up to 40% of the cost (labor and equipment) of eligible engine upgrades.
EPA will fund: Verified Exhaust Control Technologies: up to 100% of the cost of eligible verified exhaust control technologies. Verified/Certified Engine Upgrades: up to 40% of the cost (labor and equipment) of eligible engine upgrades.
The locomotives will also deploy an exhaust aftertreatment system purpose-designed for locomotive installations, using Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) technology. This modular system minimizes space claim and improves fuel efficiency, lowering the overall cost of operation. Click to enlarge.
Contribution of gasoline and diesel exhaust to SOA over 0% to 50% diesel fuel use. The study determined that, depending on a region’s fuel use, diesel exhaust is responsible for 65% to 90% of vehicular-derived SOA, with substantial contributions from aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons. Gentner et al. Click to enlarge. Earlier post.).
Eligible diesel emission reduction solutions include verified emission control technologies such as exhaust controls and engine upgrades, verified idle reduction technologies, certified engine repowers, and/or certified vehicle or equipment replacements.
The recuperated engine uses isothermal compression via cryogenic injection to enable significant exhaust to compressed gas heat transfer. Recuperator to transfer heat from exhaust gas to compressed air. A recuperated combustion engine transfers exhaust heat to the working gas at the end of compression and at constant volume.
EPA will provide funding for: Verified Exhaust Control Technologies: up to 100% of the cost of eligible verified. Engine Upgrades: up to 50% of the cost of eligible engine upgrades. Verified/Certified Cleaner Fuel Use: the cost differential between the eligible cleaner fuels. technologies. and conventional diesel fuels.
A recent, independent, third-party test of a Thomas Built Buses Saf-T-Liner C2 against an IC Bus™ CE Series found that the SCR technology in the Thomas Bus delivers 7-27% better fuel economy than the EGR technology in the IC bus and, when factoring in the cost of diesel exhaust fluid (DEF), is the more cost-effective choice.
General project targets were to deliver diesel-like or better fuel economy using E10 gasoline (RON91), and to achieve low engine-out NO x and PM using low temperature combustion, the intention being to avoid the cost of aftertreatment for NO x and PM, in addition to meeting more stringent standards. DOE UFEV program targets. kWh and FSN 0.1,
The VEMB system uses a concentric camshaft, blow-down manifold and scavenge manifold to separate the exhaust event into two phases: high-energy blow-down to the turbo without pumping losses, and high-hydrocarbon scavenge to the EGR system. Total cost of implementation is much less than $10/1%, he said. Source: Borgwarner.
Pierburg GmbH, a member of the KSPG Group, has been awarded contracts worth a lifetime total of €250 million (US$342 million) for a newly developed compact exhaust-gas recirculation valve. The effect of exhaust-gas recirculation is based on a lowering of combustion temperatures in diesel and gasoline engines. Click to enlarge.
Instead of capturing CO 2 in the presence of a large amount of nitrogen, the oxy-combustion approach extracts the oxygen from air before combustion, greatly reducing the cost of carbon capture at the exhaust stack.
liter T-GDI, unveiled in 2011 and developed over a period of 52 months at a cost of 69.5 million), uses an exhaust manifold integrated turbocharger with twin scroll, air-guided intercooler, direct fuel injection system and dual CVVT, while a bed plate and a serpentine auxiliary belt were adopted to enhance engine reliability.
On the other hand, however, the lower exhaust gas temperatures result in a lack of energy for their propulsion on the exhaust side. Their approach was to keep the level of raw emissions low by means of extremely lean and therefore colder combustion, making it possible to dispense with an exhaust aftertreatment system.
The authors assert that “zero emissions” BEVs will not replace IC engines in commercial transport to any significant degree because of the weight, size and cost of the batteries required. Further development of exhaust gas energy recovery systems with turbo-compounding and possibly chemical reforming should be encouraged. Reitz et al.
The direct gas injection system assures lower methane emissions from the tailpipe exhaust. The HPDF engines, however, need aftertreatment or exhaust gas recirculation to meet the International Maritime Organization Tier III regulations. Sulfur controls, such as the 2020 act, move to limit sulphur to 0.5%
The hot-water storage tank stores heat exhausted from the power generator as hot-water. tons while also reducing annual energy costs of about ¥76,000 (US$916) compared to ordinary gas-powered hot-water supply and heating units. The inverter converts DC generated by the cell stack into AC. Click to enlarge.
It also enables the size of catalytic convertors to be reduced by around 50%, offering engine and exhaust system designers greater freedom. The new substrate can use up to 80% less rare metal, a development that could significantly reduce costs for vehicle manufacturers. Increasing the loading also increases the cost.
Some utilities and contractors are incentivized to deploy electric equipment and vehicles in their fleets, providing even greater financial benefit and further lowering the total cost of ownership.
It applies high-reliability fuel injection system technology, electric-driven closed recirculation technology and advanced exhaust gas recirculation technology to prevent the occurrence of problems such as difficult ignition and unstable combustion in ammonia-fueled internal combustion engines.
Key changes to implement the integrated cycle are isothermal compression and heat addition from the exhaust gas to the charge air after the end of compression. To transfer exhaust gas heat at the end of compression requires the use of a “split cycle” in which the standard four-stroke sequence is split into two separate elements.
The concept emissions control system now under development by Cummins combines turbocharged air management with the exhaust aftertreatment as a single close-coupled system, together with a new rotary turbine control (RTC). Low NO x integrated system concept from Cummins.
The ISX15 G will be based on the ISX15 diesel engine and will build on Cummins technology with spark-ignited, stoichiometric cooled exhaust gas recirculation (SEGR) technology, first introduced on the 8.9 A simple, maintenance-free Three-Way Catalyst will be the only required exhaust aftertreatment. EcoFit Urea Dosing System.
Such spark retard strategies are commonly used to reduce catalyst light-off times, albeit at the cost of reduced engine performance and increased CO 2. Furthermore, DMF is the only biofuel to produce high exhaust gas temperatures, similar to gasoline and helpful for fast catalyst light-off, whilst maintaining high combustion stabilities.
This reduces the cost of conditioning fresh air and is a major factor in the outstanding energy efficiency of the spray booth. The fully automatic EcoSmart VEC fresh and exhaust air control ensures air management by leveraging energy on demand: the oven’s energy use is optimally adapted to its workload at any given time. The new V5.X
For all applications, the QSK95 is ready to meet stringent emissions standards, including EPA Tier 4 Final, taking effect in 2015, using Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) aftertreatment designed by Cummins to replace the exhaust muffler.
The post-combustion outlet gas is more easily separated into water and CO 2 to the pipeline, thereby lowering the electricity costs of grids with high levels of VRE. Enhancing Responsiveness of Gas Turbine Generators through Retrofitting with Exhaust Gas Recycle and a Phase-Change CO 2 Capture Process - $1,178,453. 8 Rivers Capital.
Minimization of catalyst requirement is a useful objective to reduce catalyst costs and avoid slow reactions, which may require large reactors or high residence times. Minimization of absolute heat duty reduces the costs of heat transfer by favoring energetically neutral reactions. This could lead to reductions in operating (e.g.,
The REMEDY program seeks highly replicable system-level technical solutions that achieve an overall methane conversion of 99.5%, reduce net greenhouse gas emissions > 87% on a life-cycle basis, have a levelized cost of carbon less than $40/ton CO 2 e, and address techno-economic issues related to commercialization.
Electricity is about ½ the cost of diesel or gasoline. During that time I’ve seen a host of presentations that purport to show that electric buses are “almost” equal to diesel buses considering Total Cost of Ownership (TCO). This means the more fuel you burn, the more money you save. Earlier post.].
Gareth Shaw, PetroSA’s business development manager for GTL, said his company was proposing the building the plant at a cost of around $4 billion. These fuels have significantly better exhaust emission properties than their conventionally produced equivalents, and have outstanding cold flow properties.
Additionally, LNG engines are tuned to either emit low nitrogen oxide (NO x ) emissions—at the cost of higher methane emissions in some cases—or to incorporate NO x reduction technologies such as exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) or selective catalytic reduction (SCR). First, it contains very little sulfur.
Testing has shown the ability of several advanced engine technologies to be optimized to improve fuel efficiency while increasing exhaust temperature in diesel engine exhaust, which improves NO x reduction performance. Source: MECA, “Technology Feasibility for Heavy-Duty Diesel Trucks in Achieving 90% Lower NOx Standards in 2027”.
In a joint publication, WFS and AVL conclude that the combined high efficiency and lower system costs relative to FCEVs make H 2 -HPDI the most capital efficient means to use hydrogen and lower CO 2 emissions near-term and that it has the potential to remain competitive with fully industrialized FCEV in the future.
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