U Mich, Ford lifecycle study of carbon footprint of last-mile and final-50-feet delivery with automated vehicles and robots
Green Car Congress
AUGUST 19, 2021
However, there hasn’t been an assessment of how robots and automated vehicles impact the already energy-intensive process of transporting packages from local distribution centers to customers’ front doors. are operational only (WTW), while battery production is included for BEVs and drones. —Li et al. and Edwards et al.
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