2012, Coal and Transportation

EIA: US energy-related CO2 emissions in 2012 lowest since 1994; reflects drop in coal use

Green Car Congress

APRIL 5, 2013

US energy-related CO 2 emissions in 2012 were the lowest since 1994, at 5.3 The largest drop in emissions in 2012 came from coal, which is used almost exclusively for electricity generation. EIA will publish a full analysis of 2012 energy-related CO 2 emissions later this year.

Coal

Coal 2012 Emissions Energy

Study suggests China urban passenger transport emissions could peak in 2030

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 9, 2019

A team of researchers in China suggest that, in the context of promoting the use of clean fuel vehicles and increasing vehicle fuel efficiency, CO 2 emissions of China’s urban passenger transport sector could reach a peak of 225 MtCO 2 in 2030. A paper on their study appears in the journal Energy Policy.

Transportation

Transportation Emissions China Taxi

EIA: US rail traffic reflects increase in crude oil production, decrease in coal use; coal still dominant

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 5, 2013

The record increase in US crude oil production during 2012 and the significant decline in coal use for domestic electricity generation were reflected in the movement of those two commodities by rail last year, according to the US Energy Information Administration (EIA). Change in number of railcar loads 2011-2012.

Coal

Coal Oil Production 2012

EIA: US electricity generation from coal and natural gas both increased with summer heat

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 19, 2012

In August 2012, coal produced 39% of US electricity, up from a low of 32% in April 2012, when the natural gas share of generation equaled that of coal. The August coal share of generation is still notably lower than the 50% annual average over the 1990-2010 period. Data for 2011 and 2012 are preliminary.

Coal

Coal Gas-Electric Gas 2012

EIA: US energy-related CO2 emissions down 1.7% in 2016; carbon intensity of economy down 3.1%; transportation emissions up

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 6, 2017

Among the findings of the EIA analysis: CO 2 emissions form natural gas surpassed those from coal in 2016. The natural gas share of electricity generation has grown as the coal share declined, partially offsetting the decline in energy-related CO 2 emissions from coal. Transportation increase led by gasoline consumption.

2016

2016 CO2 Emissions Transportation

EIA: US energy-related CO2 dropped 2.7% in 2015; of end-use sectors, only transportation increased

Green Car Congress

MARCH 27, 2017

Of the four end-use sectors, only transportation emissions increased in 2015 (+2.1%). Specific circumstances, such as the very warm fourth quarter of 2015 and relatively low natural gas prices, put downward pressure on emissions as natural gas was substituted for coal in electricity generation. decline in energy intensity (Btu/GDP).

2015

2015 Transportation CO2 Energy

EPA: US greenhouse gases dropped 3.4% in 2012 from 2011; down 10% from 2005 levels

Green Car Congress

APRIL 16, 2014

decrease in 2012 from 2011. Total emissions of the six main greenhouse gases in 2012 were equivalent to 6,526 million metric tons of carbon dioxide. According to the report, GHG emissions in 2012 showed a 10% drop below 2005 levels, and were only slightly above the emissions in 1994 (6,520 million metric tons). Source: EPA.

2005

2005 2012 EPA 2011

China team optimizes catalytic hydrogenation process to convert coal tar to gasoline and diesel

Green Car Congress

JUNE 9, 2012

Flow diagram of coal tar hydrogenation process. Researchers in China report the production of gasoline and diesel from coal tar via an optimized catalytic hydrogenation using two serial fixed beds, the first with a hydrofining catalyst of MoNi/?-Al million tons of coal tar was further processed. Credit: ACS, Kan et al.

Coal

Coal Gasoline Diesel Hydrogen

Haldor Topsoe and Yanchang form joint venture and build methanol catalyst facility in China

Green Car Congress

JULY 29, 2021

Shaanxi Yangchang Petroleum, an energy & chemical giant in China, is engaged in efficient development, comprehensive utilization and deep conversion of petroleum, natural gas, coal, and other resources, ranking 265 among the Fortune Global Top 500. Yanchang was established in 1905 with the approval of the government of Qing Dynasty.

China

China Building Coal Chinese

Kawasaki Heavy to build first ocean-going liquid hydrogen tanker with demo in 2017; H2 for transport, industry, power in Japan

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 28, 2013

As part of Japan’s WE-NET (World Energy Network) research program of the New Sunshine Project begun in 1993, Kawasaki and its other industrial colleagues in Japan have been considering the large-scale marine transportation of liquid hydrogen for some time (e.g., Click to enlarge. Storage tank capacity of 250,000 m 3. Resources. Nakamura, I.

Japan

Japan Hydrogen 2017 Transportation

IEA: carbon intensity of global energy supply has barely changed in last 20 years; “window of opportunity in transport”

Green Car Congress

APRIL 18, 2013

to hold warming to 2 °C as outlined in the IEA Energy Technology Perspectives 2012 (ETP) 2 °C Scenario (2DS). The IEA said that this reflects the continued domination of fossil fuels—particularly coal—in the energy mix and the slow uptake of other, lower-carbon supply technologies. tCO 2 /TJ (2.39 tCO 2 /TJ (2.37

Carbon

Carbon Supplies Global Transportation

EPA: US greenhouse gases up 2% in 2013; increased coal consumption, cool winter

Green Car Congress

APRIL 16, 2015

The increase from 2012 to 2013 was due to an increase in the carbon intensity of fuels consumed to generate electricity due to an increase in coal consumption, with decreased natural gas consumption, according to the report. The transportation sector was the second largest sector source, at 27%. Transportation End-Use Sector.

2013

2013 EPA Coal 2004

EIA: world energy consumption to grow 56% 2010-2040, CO2 up 46%; use of liquid fuels in transportation up 38%

Green Car Congress

JULY 25, 2013

The Brent crude oil spot price averaged $112 per barrel in 2012, and EIA’s July 2013 Short-Term Energy Outlook projects averages of $105 per barrel in 2013 and $100 per barrel in 2014. In the Reference case, all the growth in liquids use is in the transportation and industrial sectors. Liquid fuels.

2010

2010 Transportation Fuel Energy

Updated NETL study provides more detailed economic and environmental assessment of coal-to-liquids and CTL with modest biomass

Green Car Congress

MAY 15, 2012

The National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) has released a follow-on study to its 2009 evaluation of the economic and environmental performance of Coal-to-Liquids (CTL) and CTL with modest amounts of biomass mixed in (15% by weight) for the production of zero-sulfure diesel fuel. per gallon increase in fuel price over the coal cases.

Coal

Coal Diesel Oil Prices Water

Ganfeng Lithium’s Ma Hong Factory adding 50,000 tons of battery-grade lithium hydroxide annual production capacity; 81,000t total capacity

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 16, 2021

Ganfeng Lithium’s Ma Hong factory, founded in 2012, is located in the High-tech Development Zone of Xinyu City, Jiangxi Province. Ganfeng has participated in the formulation of a number of national industry standards such as “Lithium Hydroxide Monohydrate” (GB/T 8766-2013). produced during the production process.

Production

Production Sodium Batteries Battery

DKRW Advanced Fuels signs major off-take contract for 100% of coal-derived gasoline from Medicine Bow project

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 1, 2011

The contract is one of the first major commercial agreements in the US for the sale of liquid transport fuels made from coal. The Medicine Bow project will use Carbon Basin coal optioned from DKRW partner (and coal mine operator) Arch Coal to produce refined hydrocarbon liquid products. We have received front end.

Coal

Coal Gasoline Wyoming Fuel

Pertamina to collaborate with Celanese to develop fuel ethanol projects using Celanese TCX process in Indonesia; use of lower-rank coal

Green Car Congress

JULY 19, 2012

TCX builds on Celanese’s acetyl platform and integrates new technologies to produce ethanol using basic hydrocarbon feedstocks—natural gas, coal and pet coke now, with biomass and waste planned for the future. Earlier post.). So far, Celanese has been targeting the industrial ethanol market as part of its acetyl business.

Indonesia

Indonesia Coal Fuel Gasoline

Tsinghua University provincial-level lifecycle study finds fuel-cycle criteria pollutants of EVs in China could be up to 5x those of natural gas vehicles due to China’s coal-dominant power mix

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 12, 2013

In regions where the share of coal-based electricity is relatively low, EVs can achieve substantial GHG reduction, the team reports in a paper in the ACS journal Environmental Science & Technology. According to the 12 th Five-Year Plan of the China Coal Industry (2011?2015) While the increases in PM 10 and PM 2.5 Earlier post.]

Coal

Coal Pollution China Gas

Study finds high sodium bicarbonate concentrations in water from coal-bed natural gas production harms aquatic life; water treatment can mitigate effects

Green Car Congress

JUNE 14, 2012

Produced water from coal-bed natural gas (CBNG) production may contain sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO 3 ) at concentrations that can harm aquatic life, according to a new study by the US Geological Survey; Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks; the Bureau of Land Management and the US Environmental Protection Agency. Farag, A.M., and Harper, D.D.,

Sodium

Sodium Water Coal Montana

China to be Site of First Commercial Implementation of TRIG Coal Gasifier

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 19, 2009

Beijing Guoneng) has awarded KBR a contract to provide licensing, engineering services and proprietary equipment for the implementation of KBR’s and Southern Company’s Transport Integrated Gasification technology (TRIG) at a power plant operated by Dongguan Tianming Electric Power Co., Beijing Guoneng Yinghui Clean Energy Engineering Co.,

Coal

Coal China Commercial Gas-Electric

MIT study estimates ~7,500 early deaths per year in UK from PM2.5 from transport

Green Car Congress

APRIL 19, 2012

concentration due to combustion emissions from (a) power generation; (b) commercial, institutional, residential, and agricultural sources; (c) industry; (d) road transport; (e) other transport; and (f) all UK combustion sources. exposure attributable to transport (as a whole) is BC [black carbon]. Annual average PM 2.5

MIT

MIT Transportation United Kingdom Emissions

Rice study finds using natural gas for electricity and heating, not transportation, more effective in reducing GHGs

Green Car Congress

MARCH 9, 2016

Rice University researchers have determined a more effective way to use natural gas to reduce climate-warming emissions would be in the replacement of existing coal-fired power plants and fuel-oil furnaces rather than burning it in cars and buses. However, residential uses and exports of natural gas were not considered in those comparisons.

Gas-Electric

Gas-Electric Gas Transportation Coal

EEA estimates EU’s total greenhouse emissions down 2.5% in 2011; transport emissions down for 4th year

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 7, 2012

Greenhouse gas emissions from the European Union (EU) fell by 2.5 %, despite higher coal consumption and a growing gross domestic product (GDP), according to new estimates from the European Environment Agency (EEA). The transport sector also contributed by reducing emissions for the fourth consecutive year. between 2010 and 2011.

2011

2011 Emissions Transportation Coal

IEA WEO-2012 finds major shift in global energy balance but not onto a more sustainable path; identifies potential for transformative shift in global energy efficiency

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 12, 2012

The global energy map is changing significantly, according to the 2012 edition of the Internal Energy Agency’s (IEA) World Energy Outlook ( WEO-2012 ). barely rises in OECD countries, although there is a pronounced shift away from oil, coal (and, in some countries, nuclear) towards natural gas and renewables. — WEO-2012.

Global

Global 2012 Energy Oil

Shell CEO Says Half the Companys Output Will Be Natural Gas by 2012; Shell and Electric Mobility

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 10, 2009

Natural gas will represent around half of Shell’s total production by 2012, said Shell CEO Peter Voser in a speech at the Woodrow Wilson Center in Washington DC on 8 October. By 2012, natural gas will likely make up around half of our production. His talk was describing the energy company of the future.

Gas-Electric

Gas-Electric 2012 Gas Companies

MIT researchers build model simulating atmospheric transport of PAHs; how chemicals get to the Arctic

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 11, 2012

MIT researchers have built a model to simulate long-range atmospheric transport of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). For emerging contaminants in the Arctic, we need to know more about their sources, environmental behavior, and transport pathways in order to regulate them more effectively. —Noelle Selin, lead researcher.

MIT

MIT Transportation Rhode Island Building

OECD: governments should make better use of energy taxation to address climate change; “meaningful” increases limited to road sector

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 14, 2018

In 2015, outside of road transport, 81% of emissions were untaxed, according to the report. The report assesses the magnitude and coverage of taxes on energy use in 2015, and considers change between 2012 and 2015. Comparing taxes between 2012 and 2015 yields a disconcerting result. In road transport, 97% of emissions are taxed.

Climate Change

Climate Change Climate Tax Energy

Harvard team finds large-scale US wind power would cause warming that would take roughly a century to offset

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 5, 2018

All large-scale energy systems have environmental impacts, and the ability to compare the impacts of renewable energy sources is an important step in planning a future without coal or gas power. Wind beats coal by any environmental measure, but that doesn’t mean that its impacts are negligible. Source: Miller and Keith (2018a).

Wind

Wind Power Powered Climate

EIA: light duty vehicle energy consumption to drop 25% by 2040; increased oil production, vehicle efficiency reduce US oil and liquid imports

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 16, 2013

quadrillion Btu in 2012 to 12.1 from 2012 to 2040, compared to 1.2% The rising fuel economy of LDVs more than offsets the modest growth in VMT, resulting in a 25% decline in LDV energy consumption decline between 2012 and 2040 in the AEO2014 Reference case. l/100 km) in 2012 to 37.2 l/100 km) in 2012 to 37.2

Oil

Oil Light Energy Vehicles

Shell to build LNG units in Gulf Coast and Great Lakes regions; two additional LNG for transport corridors in North America

Green Car Congress

MARCH 5, 2013

These two units will form the basis of two new LNG transport corridors in the Great Lakes and Gulf Coast regions. will provide terminaling, storage, transportation and distribution of LNG. The LNG transport barges will move the fuel from the Geismar production site to Port Fourchon where it will be bunkered into customer vessels.

North America

North America Transportation America Building

PBL/JRC: Global CO2 emissions increase to new all-time record in 2013, but growth is slowing down

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 18, 2014

This slowdown, which began in 2012, signals a further decoupling of global emissions and economic growth, which reflects mainly the lower emissions growth rate of China. in 2013, of which three-thirds was used in the transport sector and the remainder mainly by refineries and the manufacturing and building industries in almost equal shares.

2013

2013 Emissions Global CO2

BNSF plans 2013 capital program of $4.1B; capacity expansion to accommodate Bakken Shale products

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 21, 2013

billion, approximately a $450-million increase over its 2012 capital spend of $3.6 Earlier in January, BNSF CEO Matt Rose said the railway’s crude-oil shipments would rise by 40% this year, helping to blunt a decline in coal cargo. BNSF Railway Company (BNSF) announced a planned 2013 capital commitment program of approximately $4.1

2013

2013 Kansas City Production Kansas

Spatially explicit life cycle assessment of 5 sun-to-wheels pathways finds photovoltaic electricity and BEVs offer land-efficient and low-carbon transportation

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 4, 2013

Direct land use, life cycle GHG emissions (excluding indirect land use change), and life cycle fossil fuel requirements to generate the transportation services provided by 17.8 × 10 12 MJ NCV of gasoline, the amount used in transportation in the US in 2009. Credit: ACS, Geyer et al. Click to enlarge. —Geyer et al.

Transportation

Transportation Carbon Conversion Li-ion

Worldwatch: Fossil fuel subsidies continue to outweigh those for renewable energy; international pledges on reform unfulfilled

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 22, 2012

Total subsidies for renewable energy stood at $66 billion in 2010 (a 10% increase from the year before); the total value of global fossil fuel subsidies is estimated at between $775 billion and more than $1 trillion in 2012, Two thirds of the renewable energy subsidies went to renewable electricity resources and the remaining third to biofuels.

Renewable

Renewable International Fuel Energy

EEA report: EVs are better for climate and air quality

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 26, 2018

BEVs charged with electricity generated from coal currently have higher life-cycle emissions than ICEVs, whereas the life-cycle emissions of a BEV could be almost 90% lower than an equivalent ICEV using electricity generated from wind power. The EEA has also published a new briefing on the environmental and climate impacts of transport.

Climate

Climate Pollution Gasoline-Electric 2017

Steep increase in global CO2 emissions despite reductions by industrialized countries; driven by power generation and road transport

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 21, 2011

Increased energy efficiency, nuclear energy and the growing contribution of renewable energy are not compensating for the globally increasing demand for power and transport, which is strongest in developing countries. Indexed global CO 2. emissions from fossil fuel use and cement production per sector (1970 = 100). Source JRC.

Global

Global Emissions Industrial Industry

Linc Energy flying a jet across Australia using Jet A1 produced by UCG to GTL process

Green Car Congress

MAY 5, 2012

Australia-based underground coal gasification (UCG) company Linc Energy Ltd announced the “Jet A1 Dash”, a flight using synthetic jet fuel created by using the company’s combination of Underground Coal Gasification (UCG) and Gas to Liquids (GTL) technology at its Chinchilla Demonstration Facility in Queensland. Earlier post.).

Australia

Australia Energy Coal Diesel

DOE advances HECA polygeneration plant with CCS through NEPA process

Green Car Congress

JULY 10, 2012

The US Department of Energy (DOE) and the California Energy Commission (CEC) are working together to advance a coal-based polygeneration plant with carbon capture and storage (CCS) simultaneously through the federal National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) review and a complementary California Energy Quality Act process. Approximately 2.6

Coal

Coal Oil California Hydrogen

Global CO2 emissions stalled for the third year in a row

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 21, 2017

Global GHG emissions continue to be dominated by fossil carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions, which however show a slowdown trend since 2012, and were stalled for the third year in a row in 2016. Emissions from international transport (aviation and shipping) contribute another 3% to the total global GHG emissions.

Emissions

Emissions Global CO2 India

India inaugurates first solar-powered H2 fueling station; power-to-gas

Green Car Congress

JUNE 11, 2015

India’s first solar-powered hydrogen fueling station, supplied by Air Products was inaugurated recently at an event with chief guest Shri Piyush Goyal, Union Minister for Power, Coal, and New and Renewable Energy, in conjunction with Shri Upendra Tripathy, Secretary, Minister of New and Renewable Energy.

India

India Solar Power Powered

GE Durathon batteries successfully power underground mining scoop

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 12, 2013

In trials, GE’s sodium metal halide Durathon batteries ( earlier post ) have successfully powered GE Mining’s Scoop, an underground vehicle that transports mining materials, at Coal River Energy, LLC in Alum Creek, West Virginia. GE Mining acquired Fairchild’s underground mining equipment in 2012.

Lead Acid

Lead Acid Power Powered Sodium

Australia PM Gillard announces carbon pricing plan; transport fuels exempt, but lowered fuel tax credits to bring carbon price to some businesses

Green Car Congress

JULY 10, 2011

Under the scheme, around 500 of the largest emitters in Australia—facilities that have direct greenhouse gas emissions of 25,000 tonnes of CO 2 -equivalent per year or more (excluding emissions from transport fuels and some synthetic greenhouse gases)—will need to buy and surrender to the Government a permit for every tonne they produce.

Tax Credit

Tax Credit Fuel Tax Carbon Australia

Study concludes abundant shale gas is neither climate hero nor villain; need for targeted GHG reduction policy

Green Car Congress

MAY 15, 2014

Shale gas in particular has grown rapidly, from less than one percent of US production in 2000 to 34% in 2012, and projections show strong production growth continuing for the foreseeable future. Advances in technologies for extracting oil and gas from shale formations have dramatically increased production in the United States.

Climate

Climate Gas Coal Gas-Electric

New inventory of black carbon emissions from China finds 2007 levels higher than previously reported

Green Car Congress

JULY 8, 2012

The inventory also forecasts that BC emissions in China in 2050 will be 920–2,183 Gg/yr under various scenarios, with the industrial and transportation sectors standing to benefit the most from technological improvements. Gg were from residential, industry, power plants, transportation, and outdoor biomass burning, respectively.

2007

2007 Carbon China Emissions

EIA: US energy-related CO2 emissions in 2012 lowest since 1994; reflects drop in coal use

Study suggests China urban passenger transport emissions could peak in 2030

EIA: US rail traffic reflects increase in crude oil production, decrease in coal use; coal still dominant

EIA: US electricity generation from coal and natural gas both increased with summer heat

EIA: US energy-related CO2 emissions down 1.7% in 2016; carbon intensity of economy down 3.1%; transportation emissions up

EIA: US energy-related CO2 dropped 2.7% in 2015; of end-use sectors, only transportation increased

EPA: US greenhouse gases dropped 3.4% in 2012 from 2011; down 10% from 2005 levels

China team optimizes catalytic hydrogenation process to convert coal tar to gasoline and diesel

Haldor Topsoe and Yanchang form joint venture and build methanol catalyst facility in China

Kawasaki Heavy to build first ocean-going liquid hydrogen tanker with demo in 2017; H2 for transport, industry, power in Japan

IEA: carbon intensity of global energy supply has barely changed in last 20 years; “window of opportunity in transport”

EPA: US greenhouse gases up 2% in 2013; increased coal consumption, cool winter

EIA: world energy consumption to grow 56% 2010-2040, CO2 up 46%; use of liquid fuels in transportation up 38%

Updated NETL study provides more detailed economic and environmental assessment of coal-to-liquids and CTL with modest biomass

Ganfeng Lithium’s Ma Hong Factory adding 50,000 tons of battery-grade lithium hydroxide annual production capacity; 81,000t total capacity

DKRW Advanced Fuels signs major off-take contract for 100% of coal-derived gasoline from Medicine Bow project

Pertamina to collaborate with Celanese to develop fuel ethanol projects using Celanese TCX process in Indonesia; use of lower-rank coal

Tsinghua University provincial-level lifecycle study finds fuel-cycle criteria pollutants of EVs in China could be up to 5x those of natural gas vehicles due to China’s coal-dominant power mix

Study finds high sodium bicarbonate concentrations in water from coal-bed natural gas production harms aquatic life; water treatment can mitigate effects

China to be Site of First Commercial Implementation of TRIG Coal Gasifier

MIT study estimates ~7,500 early deaths per year in UK from PM2.5 from transport

Rice study finds using natural gas for electricity and heating, not transportation, more effective in reducing GHGs

EEA estimates EU’s total greenhouse emissions down 2.5% in 2011; transport emissions down for 4th year

IEA WEO-2012 finds major shift in global energy balance but not onto a more sustainable path; identifies potential for transformative shift in global energy efficiency

Shell CEO Says Half the Companys Output Will Be Natural Gas by 2012; Shell and Electric Mobility

MIT researchers build model simulating atmospheric transport of PAHs; how chemicals get to the Arctic

OECD: governments should make better use of energy taxation to address climate change; “meaningful” increases limited to road sector

Harvard team finds large-scale US wind power would cause warming that would take roughly a century to offset

EIA: light duty vehicle energy consumption to drop 25% by 2040; increased oil production, vehicle efficiency reduce US oil and liquid imports

Shell to build LNG units in Gulf Coast and Great Lakes regions; two additional LNG for transport corridors in North America

PBL/JRC: Global CO2 emissions increase to new all-time record in 2013, but growth is slowing down

BNSF plans 2013 capital program of $4.1B; capacity expansion to accommodate Bakken Shale products

Spatially explicit life cycle assessment of 5 sun-to-wheels pathways finds photovoltaic electricity and BEVs offer land-efficient and low-carbon transportation

Worldwatch: Fossil fuel subsidies continue to outweigh those for renewable energy; international pledges on reform unfulfilled

EEA report: EVs are better for climate and air quality

Steep increase in global CO2 emissions despite reductions by industrialized countries; driven by power generation and road transport

Linc Energy flying a jet across Australia using Jet A1 produced by UCG to GTL process

DOE advances HECA polygeneration plant with CCS through NEPA process

Global CO2 emissions stalled for the third year in a row

India inaugurates first solar-powered H2 fueling station; power-to-gas

GE Durathon batteries successfully power underground mining scoop

Australia PM Gillard announces carbon pricing plan; transport fuels exempt, but lowered fuel tax credits to bring carbon price to some businesses

Study concludes abundant shale gas is neither climate hero nor villain; need for targeted GHG reduction policy

New inventory of black carbon emissions from China finds 2007 levels higher than previously reported

Stay Connected