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Ozone levels across much of North America and Europe dropped significantly between 2000 and 2014. People living in parts of southern Europe, South Korea and southern Japan and China also experienced more than 15 days a year of ozone levels above 70 ppb. Trends in daily maximum ozone levels (known as 4MDA8) at urban and non-urban sites.
A study by researchers at the University of Texas found that in general, use of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) can lead to an increase in ozone during nighttime hours (due to decreased scavenging from both vehicles and EGU stacks) and a decrease in ozone during daytime hours.
Black carbon and tropospheric ozone are harmful air pollutants that also contribute to climate change. Reducing black carbon and tropospheric ozone now will slow the rate of climate change within the first half of this century, the study said.
Among the many climate-related vulnerabilities that can impact its mission, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) cites a likely increase in tropospheric ozone pollution as potentially making it more difficult to attain National Ambient Air Quality Standards ( NAAQS ) in many areas with existing ozone problems.
Through a recent modeling experiment, a team of NASA-funded researchers have found that future concentrations of carbon dioxide and ozone in the atmosphere and of nitrogen in the soil are likely to have an important but overlooked effect on the cycling of water from sky to land to waterways.
The study was published in the journal Atmospheric Environment. Net warming from NO x emissions is a sum over warming (short-term ozone increase) and cooling (decreases in methane and stratospheric water vapor, and a long-term decrease in ozone) terms. Aviation accounts for 3.5% Pitari, M.J. Prather, R. Sausen, L.J.
The program determines the environmental balance of vehicles with different size classes and powertrains, and presents the results in comparative graphics. Deterioration of the ozone layer [kg CFC-11-eq.]. Eutrophication of non-marine aquatic environments [kg N-eq.]. Eutrophication of non-marine aquatic environments [kg P-eq.].
Emissions of one of the chemicals most responsible for the Antarctic ozone hole are on the rise, despite an international treaty that required an end to its production in 2010, a new study by researchers at NOAA and their colleagues shows. —NOAA scientist Stephen Montzka, lead author of the paper.
The decrease in CO 2 equivalent emissions of ODSs (ozone-depleting substances: CFCs, halons, HCFCs, and others) may be offset by the projected increase in their non-ozone depleting substitutes (HFCs) (lines designated as HFC scenarios). Climate and the Ozone Layer. Source: UNEP. Click to enlarge.
When ethane and propane—the most abundant non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC) in the atmosphere—mix with nitrogen oxides from vehicles and power plants they form tropospheric ozone—a key component of smog and directly linked to increases in mortality. The study used data collected from 20 observatories world-wide.
The $461,000-project, titled “Heterogeneous Aging Mechanisms of Combustion and Biomass Burning Emissions,” will focus on how gases, such as ozone, react with pollutants emitted from power plants and forest fires. Both types of emissions cause tiny particles to be suspended in air.
CleanZone is an approach to controlling interior air quality and providing a better driving environment through innovative solutions for enhanced wellbeing and health. Ground-level ozone. The levels do not present a danger but on hot days, concentrations that irritate hypersensitive people may occur. Hydrocarbons.
Bolden said air travel is one of the safest modes of transportation and vital to the US economy, but increasing air traffic is taking a toll on the environment and the nation’s aviation infrastructure. said at the Green Aviation Summit under way through Thursday at NASA’s Ames Research Center.
A view of the inside of the CitiSense sensor: the three cylindrical components detect ozone, nitrogen dioxide and carbon monoxide. The CitiSense sensors detect ozone, nitrogen dioxide and carbon monoxide, the most common pollutants emitted by cars and trucks. —Nikzad et al. Click to enlarge. Sensors will differ.
positive or negative—and magnitude of net climate forcing from BC emissions), currently available scientific and technical information provides a strong foundation for making mitigation decisions to achieve lasting benefits for public health, the environment, and climate. Earlier post.). Source: EPA.
Generic process flow diagram for lithium-ion batteries for vehicles (color coded to present LCI data sources). This partnership was led by EPA’s Design for the Environment (DfE) Program, in the Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, and the National Risk Management Research Laboratory, in EPA’s Office of Research and Development.
Here, RME show advantages for primary energy and GHG, but disadvantages in terms of acidification, eutrophication and ozone depletion. Achim Steiner, UN Under-Secretary General and Executive Director of the UN Environment Programme. Source: “Assessing Biofuels”. Click to enlarge.
The study by Nadine Unger, Drew Shindell and James Wang will appear in an upcoming issue of the journal Atmospheric Environment. This model has been used previously to understand the role of short-lived air pollutants in climate change for past, present and future atmospheres. Environ. , Unger et al. Click to enlarge.
NO x is a precursor for both ground level ozone and secondary PM 2.5 which are regulated under the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) because of their adverse effects on human health and the environment.
The study found that clinically healthy children who live in a polluted environment and who also carry a gene—the apolipoprotein ?4 4 carriers could have a higher risk of developing early Alzheimer’s disease if they reside in a polluted urban environment. The results add to growing data suggesting ?4
(As part of the work, they also presented what they called “ the most comprehensive chemical speciation of diesel fuel to date ” with more than 90% mass closure as part of an overall assessment of gasoline and diesel fuel.)
A polynomial chaos expansion and the probabilistic collocation method have been used to develop the metamodel, and its coefficients, so that it is applicable under a broad range of present-day and future conditions.
Isoprene, a five-carbon diene formed naturally in plants and animals and a precursor of ozone, contributes more than 40% of these emissions. The scientists pointed out that converting the epoxides to aerosol is likely to be higher in polluted environments, because the aerosols’ acidity is generally higher when human activity is present.
Yet if countries continue on their present course, the world will likely have warmed by 2.7° We see it as similar to the ozone hole problem, where we really needed a tight, science-based focus on the limits to human inputs to the system--and howthose inputs affected the ozone layer's ability to keep people safe.
In 2004, the Centralina region (the Greater Charlotte metro area, which straddles the North CarolinaSouth Carolina border) was designated as a non-attainment area for ozone under the Clean Air Act. What is the present-day status of hydrail, in terms of new projects and installations? Where does hydrail stand at present?
Take, for example, the tens of thousands of fossil-fueled ships that chug across the ocean, spewing plumes of pollutants that contribute to acid rain, ozone depletion, respiratory ailments, and global warming. Testing our technologies presents yet another set of challenges. Kate Murphy. In practice, that's nearly impossible to measure.
To maximize performance and efficiency, there are driver selectable drive modes that present several options for tailored driving. Each Nautilus comes with three changeable scent cartridgesMystic Forest, Ozonic Azure and Violet Cashmere. If you want extra oomph, select the Excite mode and expect 0-60 mph times of 6.6
Ozone pollution across the continental United States will become far more difficult to keep in check as temperatures rise, according to new work led by the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). Ozone formation. Even short periods of unhealthy ozone levels can cause local death rates to rise. Scenario A2 and RCP 8.5.
At cruising altitude, airplanes emit a steady stream of NO x into the atmosphere, where the chemicals can linger to produce ozone and fine particulates. The trend towards smaller engine cores with smaller mass flow rates in the core stream, presents new opportunities for emissions control. increase in block fuel burn.
1990; Anisimov, 2007] and chemical production of ozone in already-polluted locations [Jacobson, 2008b]. These three gases are all greenhouse gases, and ozone is a surface air pollutant. Jacobson is a senior fellow at the Woods Institute for the Environment. Dessler et al., 2008] and methane [Schutz et al., Guenther et al.,
This study presents a nuanced look at electric vehicles and energy generation and found that electric vehicle adoption not only reduces greenhouse gases but saves lives. After leaving tailpipes and smokestacks, pollutants interact with their environment, influencing atmospheric chemistry and meteorology.
In addition to contributing to cancer risk, formaldehyde reacts secondarily to form ground-level ozone, a respiratory irritant responsible for increased rates of cardiac arrest and asthma. It also contributes to ground-level ozone, which can cause damage to the lungs and increased rates of cardiac arrest and asthma.
The SCOPE (Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment) International Biofuels Project, has published the full proceedings of its Rapid Assessment workshop on the environmental effects of biofuel technologies, 22-25 September 2008. No study in the review presents results in terms of biodiversity.
The draft we are releasing today represents an unprecedented collaboration among government agencies, in keeping with the importance of the freight sector to our economy and our environment. Broad stakeholder input provided over the past several months, including 11 workshops across the state, inform this Draft Action Plan.
of all global deaths) caused by outdoor fine particulate air pollution and an additional 215,000 deaths from exposure to ozone. Qiao Ma, a PhD student at the School of Environment, Tsinghua University in Beijing, China, found that outdoor air pollution from coal alone caused an estimated 366,000 deaths in China in 2013.
Up there, 10 to 50 kilometers above the Earth’s surface, ozone molecules absorb the sun’s ultraviolet light, protecting life far below. Even less is understood about the potential risks to people and the environment—could the particles deplete the ozone layer, for example, or significantly alter the weather? about 0.6 °C.
The increasing deployment of collaborative robots (cobots) in outdoor environmentspresents significant engineering challenges, requiring highly advanced sealing solutions to ensure reliability and durability. Freudenberg employs reinforced PTFE composites to enhance durability and protect internal components.
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